EP1518109A2 - Vorrichtung zur detektion eines analyten - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur detektion eines analytenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1518109A2 EP1518109A2 EP03738094A EP03738094A EP1518109A2 EP 1518109 A2 EP1518109 A2 EP 1518109A2 EP 03738094 A EP03738094 A EP 03738094A EP 03738094 A EP03738094 A EP 03738094A EP 1518109 A2 EP1518109 A2 EP 1518109A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- analyte
- electrode material
- plate
- openings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3275—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction
- G01N27/3276—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction being a hybridisation with immobilised receptors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/308—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells at least partially made of carbon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for detecting an analyte contained in a liquid and a measuring device.
- the analyte can be dissolved or suspended.
- the invention relates to a method for producing and electrically contacting the device.
- the invention relates to a use of the device for the detection of an analyte.
- a fluid sensor for liquid and gaseous organic compounds is known from DE 197 08 529 C1.
- the fluid sensor has an electrical conductivity that changes in electrical conductivity due to the penetration of fluid.
- the sensor resistor is applied to a non-conductive substrate. It consists of a non-conductor diffusible by the fluid in question and carbon particles embedded therein.
- the sensor resistance can be contacted via electrodes, which are contacted through contact holes on the back of the substrate through perforations in the substrate. The contact surfaces establish an electrical connection between several of the electrodes.
- the fluid sensor is only suitable for the detection of organic compounds that change the conductivity of the sensor resistance. It is not suitable for the detection of other analytes.
- a silicon chip with an arrangement of electrodes for detecting a nucleic acid in a solution is known.
- Capture molecules that specifically bind analytes are immobilized on the electrodes via an intermediate layer.
- the electrodes are electrically contacted by lines on the surface of the chip.
- the lines are insulated by a silicon nitride layer.
- the charged analytes can be drawn to the electrodes with the capture molecules and bind to the capture molecules. Unbound or nonspecifically bound analytes can be removed from the area of the electrodes by reversing the polarity.
- the specifically bound analyte is detected by means of fluorescence.
- eSensor TM has known a biochip sold under the name eSensor TM, in which gold electrodes are arranged on the surface. The gold electrodes are contacted on the side of the surface of the biochip. Capture molecules are immobilized on the electrodes via an intermediate layer. An analyte bound to an electrode via the capture molecules is detected by means of reporter molecules which bind to the bound analyte and have electrochemically detectable markers. The binding of these reporter molecules is verified electrochemically.
- a biosensor for measuring the substrate concentration of a liquid sample is known from EP 0 136 362 B1.
- Biosensor consists of an insulating substrate plate, which is provided with an electrode system with at least one working electrode and one counter electrode.
- the electrode system is covered by a porous substrate containing an oxidoreductase, which can absorb liquid and a
- the senor Contains enzyme which is capable of inducing a substrate reaction which can be detected electrochemically by means of the electrode system.
- the sensor also has an electron acceptor. Both the oxidoreductase and the electron acceptor are soluble in the liquid sample.
- DE 36 87 646 T3 relates to a biosensor with an electrode system, as is known from EP 0 136 362 B1, the electrode system mainly consisting of carbon and the surface of at least the measuring electrode being covered with albumin or glucose oxidase by adsorption.
- a disadvantage of the biosensors known from EP 0 136 362 B1 and DE 36 87 646 T3 is that the porous substrate must be replaced after each measurement and that the biosensor is not suitable for measuring concentrations of analytes that are not substrates the oxidoreductase. It is also disadvantageous that the biosensor is not suitable for measuring many different analytes on a miniaturized substrate plate.
- DE 196 21 241 AI relates to a membrane electrode for measuring the glucose concentration in liquids.
- This membrane electrode consists of a base membrane with at least one noble metal electrode which is arranged on one side of the base membrane, a proton-selective ion membrane arranged on the base membrane and the noble metal electrode and a double membrane arranged on the ion membrane, in which glucose oxidase is contained in a suitable medium.
- the membrane electrode is only suitable for measuring glucose concentrations and not for the detection of other analytes in a liquid.
- a biosensor chip is known from WO 01/75151 A2 and DE 100 15 816 AI, which justifies its priority.
- the sensor has electrodes which are embedded in an insulator layer made of insulator material. DNA is on each electrode
- Immobilized probe molecules are part of a silicon-based biosensor chip. Electrode connections are connected to the electrodes, to which the electrical potential to be applied to the electrode can be supplied. The electrode connections are connected to an integrated electrical circuit inside the chip.
- the disadvantage here is that the biosensor chip is too expensive to manufacture in order to be able to be used as a sensor chip that can only be used once. When the probe molecules interfering or changing analytes, this may be necessary for reproducible measurements.
- EP 0 690 134 A1 discloses a multi-use electrochemical solid-state sensor with an electrically non-conductive substrate, a working electrode and a semi-permeable membrane which covers the working electrode.
- the working electrode contains an electrically conductive material which is attached to a part of the substrate.
- a first part of the conductive material is covered with an electrically insulating dielectric coating and a second part of the conductive material is covered with an active layer.
- the active layer contains a catalytically effective amount of an enzyme which is carried by platinized carbon powder particles which are distributed within the active layer.
- the electrochemical solid-state sensor has a relatively complex construction and is therefore expensive to manufacture.
- a gas detector is known from US Pat. No. 5,363,690, which contains an exchangeable electrochemical sensor device.
- the electrical contact between the interchangeable sensor device and an evaluation unit for measurement signals is established via an elastomer connector.
- the device is not suitable for detecting an analyte in a liquid.
- WO 01/13103 A1 discloses electrodes with a surface coating made of an oxidized phenol compound, a surface-active agent being integrated into the coating. This agent can prevent the detection of certain detergent-sensitive analytes. The electrode can therefore only be used for the detection of certain analytes.
- a biosensor is known from EP 0 402 917 A2, which contains at least two spaced electrical lines on an electrically non-conductive carrier. An electrically conductive organic polymerized layer of a surface-active substance is in electrical contact with the electrical lines and covers the surface between the lines. A sealing coating is also applied to protect the electrical contacts from contact with water. A layer of organic molecules is bound to the polymerized layer of the surface-active substance, to which complementary molecules from an aqueous medium can bind.
- a composition for an electrical thick-film conductor for use in electrochemical sensors is known from EP 0 987 333 A2, which contains conductive metal particles, graphite, a thermoplastic polymer and a surface-active substance.
- the compound can be used to print working electrodes for electrochemical biosensors.
- such sensors are only suitable for the detection of certain analytes.
- the electrodes or electrode arrangements mentioned are complex to produce. Their production sometimes requires lithographic techniques. They are too expensive to manufacture in order to use them as single-use electrodes or electrode arrangements. With high electrode densities, it is necessary to provide the leads of the electrodes in several layers, in the so-called multilayer technique. High electrode densities are therefore only possible with considerable manufacturing effort.
- a protective layer must be applied to the lines.
- the object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art.
- a device with electrodes for the detection of an analyte is to be provided which is simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture.
- a device for detecting an analyte in a liquid is provided with a plurality of electrodes which are insulated from one another on a first side of an electrically non-conductive plate which is impermeable to the liquid, the electrodes at least partially having an analyte-specific coating or molecules have electrical conductors spanning the plate from a second side of the plate electrically contactable and individually derivable.
- the coating or molecules are analyte specific in that they have a specific affinity for the analyte or a substance formed due to the presence of the analyte, e.g. B. has a degradation product of the analyte.
- the device has no derivatives.
- the electrical conductors can be connected to the plate and the electrodes.
- the term "electrode” is understood to be purely functional. This means the part of an electrical conductor through which electrical charge carriers can be conducted into the liquid.
- the electrode can thus be the part of the electrical conductor that is on the first side of the electrically non-conductive plate. However, the electrode can also be a further electrical conductor connected to the electrical conductor spanning the plate.
- plate is understood to mean any basic body, in particular a flat one, having a first and a second side.
- “partially” means that both a part of an individual electrode and a part of the electrodes as a whole can have the respective feature.
- the device according to the invention is simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture. It is not necessary to apply a protective layer to prevent the liquid from coming into contact with the electrode leads. Furthermore, it is not necessary to apply a leveling layer in order to produce a flat surface of the plate. By eliminating the lateral leads, it is possible to shape the device completely flat in the area outside the electrodes. As a result, the device can be used well as the bottom of a liquid-absorbing chamber without a liquid-tight seal being problematic.
- Another advantage of the device according to the invention is that a higher electrode density than with laterally derived electrodes is possible because no space for the lines has to be left between the electrodes. The higher electrode density can be provided without complex multilayer technology.
- Analyte-specific molecules with at least partially different specificity and individually derivable electrodes it is possible to provide a device for the simultaneous detection of many different analytes.
- the device according to the invention can be used as an electrode array in which the Electrodes are each provided with specific molecules or coatings for the detection of various analytes or analyte combinations.
- the device according to the invention can be produced in the form of a chip at a fraction of the costs required for producing a silicon-based chip. The device can thus contribute to a breakthrough in routine sensor technology.
- the device according to the invention can be used in a device provided for contacting the device. All components that are not required for the derivation and measurement of a signal and are not provided by the device according to the invention are provided by the device. Expensive components are therefore reusable.
- Another advantage of the invention is that the contacting enables short conduction paths from the second side of the plate. In this way, electrical noise caused by the relatively long conduction paths when the electrodes are laterally discharged can be avoided. The electrical noise reduces the sensitivity of the detection and can even prevent the detection of the analyte.
- the electrical conductors are formed in one piece with the electrodes.
- the electrodes and the conductors can be made of the same material. This enables good contactability from the second side and very inexpensive production. It is not necessary to make electrical contact between the electrodes and the electrical conductors on the first side of the plate.
- the coating or the analyte-specific molecules on the electrodes can each be different, so that different electrodes differ from one another.
- the analyte-specific coatings or analyte-specific molecules can have a different specificity and enable, in particular simultaneous, detection of different analytes.
- a detectable analyte is a member of a group that is determined by the specificity of the different coatings or molecules.
- the coating or the analyte-specific molecules can comprise, in particular electrochemically inert, capture molecules.
- Capture molecules are molecules to which the analyte or a substance formed as a result of the presence of the analyte, e.g. B. a degradation product of the analyte from which liquid binds.
- the catcher molecules are electro-chemical mix inert if they do not cause a signal when the analyte is electrochemically detected.
- the capture molecules can be, in particular single-stranded, nucleic acids, nucleic acid analogs, ligands, haptens, peptides, proteins, sugars, lipids or ion exchangers.
- the capture molecules can be bound covalently and / or directed to the electrodes.
- the advantage of covalent bonding is that the capture molecules cannot diffuse out of the electrodes. Given the very small distances between the electrodes that are possible with the device according to the invention, even a slight diffusion of capture molecules can lead to a disturbance of a detection reaction.
- a directional bond is to be understood to mean that the catcher molecules each have a specific position on the catcher molecule, e.g. B. with one end of the molecule to which electrodes are bound. This can ensure that the location of the capture molecules responsible for binding the analyte is not influenced by their binding to the electrodes.
- the capture molecules can, at least in part, be bound to the electrodes via an intermediate layer, in particular one that is largely electrochemically inert.
- This intermediate layer can be formed from silane.
- the intermediate layer is largely electrochemically inert if it does not cause a signal when the analyte is detected electrochemically.
- the coating comprises at least one semi-permeable coating of the electrodes.
- the semi-permeable coatings can each have a different permeability, so that the coatings are different
- Electrodes can be differently permeable.
- the coatings can be selectively permeable to molecules up to a certain size. It can be a polymeric matrix with a molecular sieve effect. This makes it possible to borrow only small molecules that B. by a specific see breakdown of an analyte, permeate the electrodes so that only these are specifically detected.
- Such a device according to the invention can be used in a process control for tracking implementations taking place in a reactor.
- the electrical conductors can be arranged in openings in the plate which taper from the second side of the plate, in particular conically, to the first side.
- the electrical conductor can be arranged only on the tapered section of the recess formed by the tapering shape of the opening. But it can also protrude freely into the recess.
- the tapering shape of the recess facilitates electrical contacting from the second side, because a conductor that is made to make contact in the direction of the electrode is also brought up to the electrode when it initially only hits the recess.
- the plate can be arranged on the bottom of a microfluid chamber or form the bottom of a microfluid chamber.
- the device according to the invention is well suited to this because of the possibility of a particularly flat design and the associated good sealability.
- the device can also be a chip. This is understood here to mean a small plate with electronic microstructures that does not necessarily consist of semiconductor material.
- the electrodes can be arranged in the form of an electrode field (array).
- the plate can have more than 10, preferably more than 20, 40, 80, 100 or 160, particularly preferably more than 1000, in particular more than 10000, electrodes per cm 2 .
- the electrodes can be formed at least partially from particles.
- the particles can be coated with analyte-specific be provided or contain analyte-specific molecules.
- the particles can be loosely or firmly connected to one another.
- a loose connection can e.g. B. be provided in that the particles are paramagnetic and are held by magnetic force on the electrode or the electrical conductor.
- the electrodes can be formed, at least in part, from a non-metallic conductor, in particular carbon.
- Carbon-containing electrodes are particularly well suited for the detection of biomolecules.
- the electrodes can be, at least in part, polycarbonate containing pencil, glassy carbon, carbon fibers, carbon paste or plastic composite electrodes, preferably elemental carbon, in particular in the form of graphite or carbon black. Electrodes, act.
- the carbon black can be industrial carbon black, synthetic carbon black or so-called "carbon black".
- the invention further relates to a measuring device, comprising a device according to the invention, in which the electrodes comprise at least one reference electrode and at least one counter electrode and a plurality of working electrodes.
- the measuring device contains current-voltage converters, a potentiostat and a means for measuring the currents flowing through the working electrodes.
- the electrodes are electrically connected to the potentiostat for generating a predetermined voltage curve between the working electrodes and the reference electrode, with each of the working electrodes being connected downstream of one of the current-voltage converters to all
- each of the working electrodes can be virtually connected to the circuit ground via a current follower for the individual evaluation of the signals.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing a device according to the invention with the following steps:
- the solid electrode material can be, for example, a plurality of pencil leads arranged in parallel, which are encapsulated with epoxy resin.
- the plastically deformable insulating material can adapt to the shape of the electrode material during insertion and / or can be adapted to it after insertion by pressing together. This ensures a liquid-tight seal.
- “Hardening” of the electrode material is understood here and below to mean that the originally liquid or pasty electrode material solidifies over time; H. increases in its hardness. That can e.g. B. by polymerizing, by drying or by cooling an electrode material pasty at a higher temperature. The final state of the electrode material after solidification can still be relatively soft.
- the solid one-piece insulation material can be produced by an injection molding process.
- the openings are arranged in such a way that electrode material which is filled in on one side of the stacked insulating material fills all of the openings.
- the electrode material can in the openings z. B. pressed in by extrusion.
- the method used for this can be a method known from the production of pencil leads.
- the fusing of the sheath can be by heating or chemical, e.g. B. by adding a solvent dissolving the jacket.
- both the conductive electrode material and the insulating material are plastically deformable such that both materials can be extruded together as a composite. This enables very inexpensive production.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing a device according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
- Electrode material as far as this electrode material electrically connects the electrode material present in the openings.
- the curing can e.g. B. by polymerization, by drying or by cooling.
- Step lit. c can be applied simultaneously with the application according to step lit. b or afterwards.
- the method can be carried out in the manner of a screen printing method, the electrode material being applied instead of the color.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a device according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
- the method has the advantage that step lit. e the removal of excess electrode material is significantly simplified and it enables a larger electrode surface because the electrodes on the first side of the plate are raised due to the height of the shadow mask or screen printing mask.
- step lit. e the removal of excess electrode material is significantly simplified and it enables a larger electrode surface because the electrodes on the first side of the plate are raised due to the height of the shadow mask or screen printing mask.
- the breakthroughs in step lit. b can be produced by drilling, in particular by means of a laser beam.
- a via is an electrically conductive connection between two layers, which are formed here by the first and the second side of the electrically non-conductive plate.
- the via is generally used on a circuit board or integrated circuit.
- Methods of making vias are well known.
- the vias are preferably produced in such a way that they do not protrude beyond the plane formed by the first side of the plate.
- the lateral extent of the vias should be so small that the shape of the electrodes, preferably in the screen printing process, is not influenced on the ends of the vias on the first side. Such an influence is possible because the vias often have a tubular opening in their interior.
- the vias preferably have at their end located on the first side of the plate an, in particular smooth, continuous surface, that is to say which has no opening.
- the vias can consist, for example, of a thin copper layer.
- the vias in step lit. c produced by galvanic deposition in the openings or by inserting a conductor into the openings.
- the electrode material can be applied by means of pad printing or by means of a screen-like process. Both techniques are known in principle for the production of electrodes. They enable a particularly inexpensive and exact manufacture of the device according to the invention.
- pad printing a pasty electrode material, which is arranged in a pattern that corresponds to the desired electrode pattern, is picked up by a pad. The electrode material is then pressed onto the electrically non-conductive in the form of the predetermined pattern by pressing the tampon
- screen-print electrodes The electrodes produced by means of the screen-printing process are referred to as "screen-print electrodes”.
- A, in particular analyte-specific, coating can be applied to the electrode material.
- Analyte-specific molecules can also be introduced into the electrode material. Both of these operations can be performed before, after, or during each of the above steps.
- Electrode material in the sense of the invention includes both the material used to produce the electrodes and the electrodes formed therefrom.
- As a coating or analyte-specific molecules in particular electrochemically inert capture molecules can be applied or introduced into the electrode material. On the electrodes or the electrode different coatings can be applied. Different analyte-specific molecules can be introduced into the electrode material.
- single-stranded, nucleic acids, nucleic acid analogs, ligands, haptens, peptides, proteins, sugars, lipids or ion exchangers can be used as capture molecules.
- the capture molecules can be bound covalently and / or directed to the electrode material or synthesized on the electrode material or deposited electrochemically.
- the capture molecules are preferably, at least partially, bound to the electrode material via an intermediate layer, in particular one which is largely electrochemically inert, or are synthesized on the intermediate layer.
- the intermediate layer is preferably formed from silane.
- the electrode material can be coated with at least one semi-permeable coating. This can also be done in addition to the coating with scavenger molecules.
- the electrode material or the electrodes can each be coated with differently permeable semipermeable coatings. Each electrode formed from the electrode material can have a different coating.
- the invention further relates to a method for electrically contacting a device according to the invention, wherein a plurality of individually derivable electrical conductors are brought into contact with the second side of the plate of the device in such a way that the conductors, at least in part, contact the electrodes in such a way that the electrodes are individually derivable.
- the conductors are preferably spring-loaded and are connected to the second side of the
- Elastomer connector consist of alternating ones Layers of electrically conductive and electrically non-conductive elastomer, in particular silicone elastomer.
- the elastomer connectors can be flat, the layers running perpendicular to a surface.
- the electrically conductive layer is covered with conductive fibers or particles, eg. B. made of silver, gold or carbon.
- ZEBRA ® elastomer connectors are sold by Fujipoly America Corporation, 900 Milik Street PO Box 119, Carteret, NJ 07008, USA.
- the electrodes come into contact with the conductive layers by placing the ZEBRA ® elastomer connector on the second side of the plate and exerting slight pressure on the contact surface between the plate and the ZEBRA ® elastomer connector.
- the electrodes can be electrically derived by contacting the conductive layers with an electrical evaluation unit.
- the invention relates to the use of a device according to the invention for detecting at least one analyte in a liquid, the liquid being brought into contact with electrodes on the first side of the plate of the device and the electrodes being electrically contacted from the second side thereof.
- the liquid is preferably brought into contact with the electrodes under conditions under which the analyte or a substance formed due to the presence of the analyte, e.g. B. a degradation product of the analyte, binds to capture molecules present on the electrodes.
- the detection of the analyte or substance bound to the capture molecules can be done electrically, e.g. B.
- analyte or the substance is identified, for example, by identifying by optical detection that electrode to which a fluorescent analyte or a fluorescent substance is specifically bound via the capture molecules. Because the electrode can be assigned to a specific catcher molecule, the analyte or the substance can be identified.
- the electrodes serve for the electrical attraction and / or repulsion of charged analytes or substances.
- the charged analytes or the charged substances can be transported electrically into the area of the capture molecules.
- the binding of the analytes or substances to them can be accelerated by an increased concentration of the analytes or substances in the area of the capture molecules.
- Analytes or substances that are not or weakly and nonspecifically bound can be removed by applying a repulsive potential to the electrode.
- the capture molecules are immobilized on the electrodes via an analyte or substance-impermeable intermediate layer. This prevents the analyte or the substance from being electrochemically converted when it comes into direct contact with the electrode. This enables the creation of high potentials for a fast transport of the analytes or substances to the capture molecules.
- the electrodes can be coated with a semi-permeable coating. This makes it possible to selectively detect only the analytes, degradation products of the analytes or the substances which penetrate the coating.
- the detection can be electrical, electrochemical, optical, photoelectric, enzymatic, by means of electroluminescence or by means of chemiluminescence. He can also use a Combination of these detection methods are carried out.
- the electrodes are preferably each coated with differently permeable semipermeable coatings.
- the analyte can be a biomolecule, in particular a nucleic acid, a protein, an antigen, a sugar, a lipid, a cell or a virus. It can have a marking substance.
- the marking substance can be e.g. B. an enzyme or a redox-active label.
- a redox reaction or a catalytic hydrogen evolution can be electrochemically detected.
- the electrochemical detection can e.g. B. by means of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronopotentiometric stripping analysis (CPSA) or the detection of a change in resistance or impedance.
- DPV differential pulse voltammetry
- CPSA chronopotentiometric stripping analysis
- Electrochemical detection can include the following steps:
- a potential interval for the measurement is preferably selected, in which essentially only the analyte or the substance causes a signal.
- the electrodes are preferably treated with a detergent before the analyte is detected. This can be done before or while the liquid containing the analyte is in contact with the electrodes. Treatment with detergent can replace electrochemical conditioning. It is easier, faster and less expensive than electrochemical conditioning.
- the electrodes can be stored in a liquid containing detergent and z. B. be distributed.
- the detergent is an ionic detergent.
- the detergent is advantageously present in a concentration of 0.1% to 10%.
- the detergent in water preferably has a critical micellar concentration below 10 mmol / 1, in particular below 5 mmol / 1, preferably below 3 mmol / 1.
- the detergent can be sodium dodezyl sulfate.
- FIGS. 2a-b show a schematic representation of a method for producing a device according to the invention by severing a composite of electrode material and insulating material
- 3a-d a schematic representation of a method for producing a composite from parallel orderly elongated electrode material and insulating material
- 6a-d show a schematic illustration of a screen-like method for producing a device according to the invention
- FIG. 7a-b show a schematic representation of a method and a device for electrical contacting of the device for detection according to the invention
- 8a-b show a schematic representation of a method for producing a chip with 4x4 electrodes
- FIG. 11a-c show a schematic representation of a microfluidic chamber with the detection device according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 a shows a plastically deformable, electrically insulating base body 10 with a first side 12 and a second side 14.
- FIG. 1 b shows four electrodes 15 formed from pencil leads.
- the base body 10 is shown with electrodes 15 inserted therein by mechanical pressure , The electrodes are inserted in such a way that each electrode protrudes on the first side 12 and the second side 14. After the electrodes 15 have been inserted, the base body 10 can be cured.
- FIG. 1d shows the resulting device for detection 17 in a top view, FIG. Le in a side view.
- the device 17 can, as shown in FIG. 2a, be severed several times vertically along the lines 16 and thereby be broken down into the disk-shaped devices 17 according to the invention shown in FIG. 2b.
- Each of the electrodes 15 is in contact with the respective top and bottom of the disks.
- FIG. 3a An electrode 15 with a jacket 18 made of insulating material is shown in cross section in FIG. 3a and in a top view in FIG. 3b.
- 3c and FIG. 3d show a cross-section and a top view of a combination of such electrodes that is produced by connecting the sheathings 18.
- the arrows 20 indicate positions at which the composite can be severed in order to produce disk-shaped devices 17 according to the invention.
- the base body 10 can, for example, consist of a plastic and be produced by an injection molding process.
- a mass of an electrically conductive electrode material 15 can be pressed into the first openings 22 of the base body 10. This can be done, for example, by an extrusion process, as is usually used for the production of pencil leads. With the electrode material 15 can be a material for the production of pencil leads.
- the base body 10 can be severed perpendicular to the first openings 22 filled with electrode material 15, even before the electrode material 15 has hardened, at the points indicated by the arrows 20. This results in the disk-shaped devices according to the invention 17 shown in perspective in FIG. 4c and in the top view in FIG. 4d the first openings 22 coincide.
- all of the first openings 22 of the disk-shaped base body 10 are then filled.
- the stack can then be taken apart before the electrode material has hardened.
- 5c shows a plate-shaped base body 10 with a first side 12 and a second side 14 in cross section.
- 5b shows this basic body 10 in a top view from the second side 14 and FIG. 5a in a top view from the first side 12.
- the base body 10 has conical openings 22 widening from the first side 12 to the second side 14.
- FIG. 6 a the plate-shaped base body 10 is covered on the first side 12 with a shadow mask 24 which has holes 26 which coincide with the openings 22 on the first side 12.
- FIG. 6b shows electrically conductive pasty electrode material 15 applied to the shadow mask 24.
- FIG. 6c shows the electrode material 15 after it has been inserted into the holes 26 and 14 in a screen-printing process
- Breakthroughs 22 has been pressed into it.
- 6d shows the device 17 according to the invention after removing the shadow mask 24.
- 7a and 7b show a device for electrical contact 36 of a device for detection 17.
- the device for electrical contact 36 consists of an elastic matrix 28 made of an electrically insulating material.
- electrically conductive pins 30 are arranged in parallel, which are electrically connected to contacts 34 on the underside of the matrix.
- the pins are pressed out of the elastic matrix by a spring 32.
- the pins 30 are preferably tapered on the side provided for contacting.
- the contacting of the device for detection 17 shown in FIG. 7b by the device for electrical contact 36 takes place by pressing the two devices 17, 36 together.
- the pins 30 come into contact with the electrodes 15.
- the elastic matrix 28 is compressed.
- the pins 30 can penetrate into the openings 22 of the device 17 for detection tapering toward the first side 12 and thereby contact the electrodes 15.
- the tapered shape of the pins 30, the tapering openings 22 and the shape of the electrodes 15 provide an enlarged contact area of the pins 30 with the electrodes 15.
- FIG. 8a An arrangement of cladding 39 and an electrode holder 40 for encapsulating the electrodes 15 with an insulating material, such as epoxy resin, is shown schematically in FIG. 8a before and in FIG. 8b after assembly.
- One of the casings 39 has an opening 41 for filling in the insulating material.
- the composite of electrodes and insulating material resulting from the polymerization of the insulating material can be severed, so that disk-shaped devices 17 for detection as chips with 4 ⁇ 4 electrodes are produced.
- Such a device 17 is shown in FIG. 9.
- Pencil leads serve as electrode material.
- the electrodes of one of the chips are electrochemical treated or conditioned for 1 min with 1.2 V in 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.6.
- the electrodes of another of the chips have been treated with 10% SDS for 1 min.
- the chips were deionized water for 1 h at room temperature with gentle shaking in a solution of 1% (v / v) 3- (glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (Fluika), 1% (v / v) (Millipore) and 98% (v / v) ethanol (Merck). They were then dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the oligonucleotide is an amino link-provided sequence from the c-DNA of the human tumor necrosis factor ⁇ gene.
- a drop of a 150 p ol / ml oligonucleotide in 0.1 M Na 2 CO 3 , pH 9.5 solution was placed on each of the electrodes of the chips. The chips were then incubated for one hour at room temperature in a humid chamber.
- the free amino groups of the oligonucleotides form a covalent bond with the silane.
- the chips were incubated for one hour in 2 ml of 10% SDS at RT.
- the chips were incubated at RT in 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) or ethanolamine in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for one hour.
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- PBS phosphate-buffered saline
- the chips are in a solution of 10 nmol / ml of the complementary nucleic acid TNF2k (SEQ ID NO: 2) in detergent-containing hybridization buffer ( Röche) and the bound nucleic acid TNF2k was determined using DPV.
- Ten measurements each were made with the electrodes carried out electrochemically or with detergent.
- the detergent treatment led to an increase in sensitivity of more than 10% compared to the electrochemical treatment.
- the reproducibility of the measurements with detergent-treated electrodes was improved.
- the standard deviation of the measurements of detergent-treated electrodes was 3 times less than that of an electrochemical treatment.
- FIG. 10 shows two voltammograms which have been determined by means of DPV measurements of herring sperm DNA carried out in parallel with the device 17 shown in FIG. 9.
- the electrode material of the device 17 was connected from its second side to an electronic evaluation unit by means of spring contact pins.
- One of the electrodes has been switched as a reference electrode.
- 100 ⁇ l of a 2 ⁇ g / ⁇ l herring sperm DNA solution in TE buffer (10 mM TrisCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8) were applied to the first side of the device and incubated for 10 min.
- the DNA was detected in parallel on several electrodes using DPV using the oxidation of guanine and adenine. Significant congruent guanine and adenine oxidation peaks were measured in their position.
- FIG. 11a schematically shows a top view of a composite microfluid chamber 42 with a plurality of electrodes 15 and the recess 46 for the liquid passage.
- FIG. 11 b shows a top view of the upper part 44 of the microfluid chamber 42 and
- FIG. 11 c shows the lower part of this chamber formed by the device 17 according to the invention.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10229210 | 2002-06-28 | ||
DE10229210A DE10229210A1 (de) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 | Vorrichtung zur Detektion eines Analyten |
PCT/EP2003/006818 WO2004003538A2 (de) | 2002-06-28 | 2003-06-27 | Multi-elektroden anordnung zur detektion eines analyten |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1518109A2 true EP1518109A2 (de) | 2005-03-30 |
Family
ID=29795992
Family Applications (1)
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EP03738094A Withdrawn EP1518109A2 (de) | 2002-06-28 | 2003-06-27 | Vorrichtung zur detektion eines analyten |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20060011474A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1518109A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2006504075A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1768261A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003245994A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10229210A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004003538A2 (de) |
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JP4907983B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-26 | 2012-04-04 | 株式会社Kri | 生体関連物質検出装置 |
DE102006003054B4 (de) * | 2006-01-20 | 2014-10-02 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh | Verfahren, Flüssigkeitsversorgungseinheit und Messvorrichtung für eine Füllstandsanzeige |
JP5053358B2 (ja) | 2006-03-17 | 2012-10-17 | エレメント シックス リミテッド | マイクロ電極アレイ |
US20080297179A1 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-12-04 | Chang-Dong Feng | Multilayer manufacturing for conductivity sensor |
WO2009041554A1 (ja) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-02 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | センサー、センサーシステム、携帯型センサーシステム、金属イオンの分析方法、実装用基板、鍍金阻害化学種の分析方法、生成化合物の分析方法、及び一価銅化学種の分析方法 |
GB0809486D0 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2008-07-02 | Iti Scotland Ltd | Triple function elctrodes |
US8924159B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2014-12-30 | Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing glycemic control |
EP2169391B1 (de) * | 2008-09-30 | 2013-04-03 | ibidi GmbH | Probenkammerhalter zum Haltern einer Probenkammer und System bestehend aus der Probenkammer und dem Probenkammerhalter |
US8721850B2 (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2014-05-13 | Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. | Biosensor and methods for manufacturing |
US9029130B2 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2015-05-12 | Rosemount Analytical Inc. | Unitary plastic conductivity sensor |
FR2978865B1 (fr) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-09-27 | Easy Life Science | Electrode de travail imprimee sur un substrat |
JP5900020B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-29 | 2016-04-06 | 東亜ディーケーケー株式会社 | 微小電極の製造方法、微小電極及び隔膜型センサ |
WO2014024187A1 (en) | 2012-08-05 | 2014-02-13 | Ramot At Tel-Aviv University Ltd. | Placeable sensor and method of using same |
DE102013004204A1 (de) | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster | Mikro-Drei-Elektordenflüssigkeitsmesszelle (MDE) |
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WO2015144264A1 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | Openfield | Probe, sonde and method for producing signals indicative of local phase composition of a fluid flowing in an oil well, the probe comprising a body having a tip of electrically insulating material |
CN104122312B (zh) * | 2014-07-29 | 2017-03-01 | 华中科技大学 | 一种生物电极及其制备方法 |
CN105588800A (zh) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-05-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | 一种深海模拟环境试验用电化学电解池 |
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2002
- 2002-06-28 DE DE10229210A patent/DE10229210A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-06-27 CN CN03820113.5A patent/CN1768261A/zh active Pending
- 2003-06-27 EP EP03738094A patent/EP1518109A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-06-27 US US10/518,498 patent/US20060011474A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-27 WO PCT/EP2003/006818 patent/WO2004003538A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-06-27 JP JP2004516720A patent/JP2006504075A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-06-27 AU AU2003245994A patent/AU2003245994A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1768261A (zh) | 2006-05-03 |
JP2006504075A (ja) | 2006-02-02 |
AU2003245994A8 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
WO2004003538A3 (de) | 2004-04-22 |
WO2004003538A2 (de) | 2004-01-08 |
DE10229210A1 (de) | 2004-01-29 |
AU2003245994A1 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
US20060011474A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
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