Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
  • B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
  • B01J27/053—Sulfates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C37/11—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms
  • C07C37/14—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms by addition reactions, i.e. reactions involving at least one carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C37/68—Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
  • C07C37/70—Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
  • C07C37/74—Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C39/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C39/12—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
  • C07C39/15—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic rings with all hydroxy groups on non-condensed rings, e.g. phenylphenol
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
  • B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
  • B01J37/031—Precipitation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
  • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Definitions

• This invention relates to the area of chemistry and petrochemistry, more precisely to a process for producing -cumylphenol (PCP) by means of catalytic alkylation of phenol with ⁇ -methylstyrene (AMS).
• PCP -cumylphenol
• AMS ⁇ -methylstyrene
• /?-Cumylphenol is widely used in producing effective stabilizers for fuels, oils, polymers, and rubbers.
• the indicated disadvantages are not present in the process for producing p- cumylphenol which uses heterogeneous catalysts, for example based on synthetic zeolites of the type of dealuminated mordenite or zeolites of the ZS family, which are prepared with or without a binder and with the addition of promoter metals or without additives [US patent no. 4409412 (1982)].
• the disadvantage of using catalysts of this type is their insufficient activity and increased formation of side products. For example, when PCP is made by this method, dimer side products are also produced.
• the content of the end product PCP in the catalysis product is 12-13% by mass, with the dimer content being greater than 4% and the o-cumylphenol content being 0.5-0.7% (wherein the dimer and o-cumylphenol content is greater than 4.5%).
• TsVM zeolite a member of the ZSM-5 family
• the dimer content is 0.6-0.7%
• the o- cumylphenol content is about 2.2%
• the total content of dimer and o-cumylphenol is greater than 2.8%. (more than 2.8%), respectively.
• the goal of this invention is to increase the activity and selectivity and to simplify the technology of the process for producing/?-cumylphenol.
• volume feed rate a relative raw material volumetric feed rate must be maintained through the catalyst bed as necessary to provide a space velocity of 1 -3 h “ (hereinafter referred to as a "volume feed rate").
• the catalyst represents a mixture of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide promoted by sulfate, with the total content of aluminum and zirconium sulfates being from 5 to 15% by mass (calculated on the basis of SO 4 ions) and the total content of aluminum oxide and sulfate being 5-30% by mass (calculated on the basis of AI 2 O 3 ).
• aluminum oxide carriers of catalysts are prepared by precipitation of aluminum hydroxide from a solution of sodium aluminate using concentrated nitric acid at a pH of 8.7-8.9 in two streams: "cold” precipitation at 18-20° C and "hot” precipitation at 100-120° C. Mixing these streams in different proportions makes it possible to regulate the quality of the product.
• the resulting mass of aluminum hydroxide is washed of sodium ions, plasticized, peptized, and molded into granules of a given size in screw extruders [USSR patent no. 1559494 (1986), Russian Federation patent no. 2058189, published in Biulleteri izobretenii [Russian Patent Office Journal] no. 11 on 4/20/96].
• Aluminum zirconium catalysts used for various syntheses are prepared by the process of precipitating zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2-8H 2 O) with an aqueous ammonia solution and then drying the resulting precipitate and treating it with 1 N sulfuric acid. For molding into granules the sulfonated powdered zirconium oxide is mixed with aluminum hydroxide, which is used as a binder [J. Catal. 153:218-233 (1955)].
• a process is known of preparing an aluminum zirconium catalyst for isomerization of paraffin hydrocarbons [US patent 6326328 (2001)].
• the indicated process involves taking a mixture of powdered zirconium and aluminum hydroxides with the addition of a sulfonating agent - ammonium sulfate salts, mixing it, extruding it, and roasting the resulting granules at 600° C.
• Aluminum hydroxide or hydrated aluminum hydroxide are used as a binder.
• a catalyst prepared according to this process is not suitable for producing PCP, since it does not have sufficient activity.
• the process for preparing the proposed composition of the ⁇ -cumylphenol synthesis catalyst by means of alkylating phenol with ⁇ -methylstyrene includes stages of precipitating zirconium hydroxide, mixing zirconium and aluminum hydroxides, sulfating hydroxides, peptizing the electrolyte solution, screw extrusion of the catalyzed mass, and heat treatment.
• the starting aluminum compound that is used is aluminum hydroxide, consisting of boehmite and pseudoboehmite in a mass ratio of 1 :3 to 3:1 (calculated on the basis of Al 2 O 3 ). Sulfuric acid is used as the sulfating and peptizing agent.
• the essential characterizing features of the proposed process for preparing the catalyst are the use of a mixture of boehmite and pseudoboehmite in the indicated ratio at the stage of preparing aluminum hydroxide, and also using an aqueous sulfuric acid solution at the stage of sulfation and peptization of the catalyzed mass.
• the catalyst produced according to the proposed process based on sulfated aluminum and zirconium oxides can be regenerated both by means of treatment with heated gas (nitrogen) and by means of washing with a solvent, for example phenol.
• This catalyst is significantly cheaper than ion-exchange resins and, as will be shown in below in the examples, has high activity and selectivity in the proposed process.
• pseudoboehmite 3 L of a 100 g/L sodium aluminate solution is used.
• the precipitation is performed by simultaneously pouring together the indicated aluminate solution and a 60% solution of nitric acid (yield: 1.8 L) at a temperature of 20-25° C and at a pH in the range 9.1 to 9.5 over the course of 2 hours. After the solutions have been completely poured in, the suspensions are stabilized by boiling (102-105° C) at a pH that is kept constant in the range 9.1-9.3 by adding sodium aluminate solution.
• the product is a suspension of glassy precipitate of pseudoboehmite containing 300 g of Al 2 O 3 .
• boehmite 1 L of a 100 g/L sodium aluminate solution is used.
• the precipitation is performed by simultaneously pouring together the indicated aluminate solution and a 60% solution of nitric acid (yield: 0.7 L) at a temperature of 102-105° C (when boiling) and at a pH in the range 8.5 to 8.9 over the course of 2 hours.
• the product is a suspension of honey-like precipitate of boehmite containing 100 g of Al 2 O 3 .
• the resulting suspensions of pseudoboehmite and boehmite are combined and washed on a B ⁇ chner funnel to remove the contaminating sodium nitrate salt.
• the washed precipitate is dried at 1 10° C for 10 hours and ground into a fine powder all of which passes through a sieve having 0.25 mm openings.
• the calcining loss when the resulting dried mixed aluminum hydroxide powder is roasted at 850° C is 24.6% by mass.
• the ratio of boehmite to pseudoboehmite in the aluminum hydroxide powder is 1 :3, calculated on the basis of Al 2 O 3 .
• the powdered sulfated zirconium hydroxide is mixed with 83.6 g of powdered aluminum hydroxide in a Werner & Pfleiderer Z blade mixer, the solution is peptized with sulfuric acid solution (3.8 mL of 60% solution), and small portions of around 250 mL of water are added, bringing the moisture content (calcining loss) of the mass to 55% by mass.
• the resulting mass is molded in a screw extruder through a die having a hole diameter of 2.0 mm.
• the extrudates are dried for 8 hours at 1 10° C and then roasted in a stream of dried air for 4 hours at 630° C.
• Gross composition of the finished catalyst 66.2% by mass of ZrO 2 ; 30% by mass of ⁇ -Al 2 O ; 5.0% by mass of S.
• the total content of aluminum and zirconium sulfate in the catalyst was 15.0% (calculated on the basis of SO 4 ), and the total content of aluminum oxide and sulfate was 30% by mass (calculated on the basis of Al 2 O 3 ).
• the process of alkylating phenol by ⁇ -methylstyrene on the resulting catalyst is carried out at a temperature of 80° C and with a raw material volume feed rate of 1 h "
• the raw material used is a mixture of phenol, cumene, and ⁇ -methylstyrene having the composition (in mass %): cumene - 45%; phenol - 45%; and ⁇ - methylstyrene - 10%.
• the yield of the catalysis product was 99.89%, and its composition was as follows (in mass %): cumene - 46.68%; ⁇ -methylstyrene - 0.05%; phenol - 34.57%; PCP - 16.61 ; o-cumylphenol - 1.19; and dimers - 0.9%.
• the product After /j-cumylphenol is isolated by distillation, the product has the following composition (in mass %): jf cumylphenol - 98.2%; o-cumylphenol - 1.4%; dimers - 0.16%; ⁇ -methylstyrene and others - 0.24%.
• composition of the catalysis product was determined by gas/liquid chromatography on a "Kristall 2000M” chromatograph with a capillary column 25 m long using OV-1 as the stationary phase.
• Example 2 The composition of the catalysis product was determined by gas/liquid chromatography on a "Kristall 2000M” chromatograph with a capillary column 25 m long using OV-1 as the stationary phase.
• the catalyst is prepared as in Example 1 , but the ratio of boehmite to pseudoboehmite (calculated on the basis of AI 2 O 3 ) in the mixed powdered aluminum hydroxide is 3: 1.
• the zirconium hydroxide precipitate is sulfated with 380 mL of sulfuric acid solution.
• the quantity of mixed powdered aluminum hydroxide taken for mixing with the powdered sulfated zirconium hydroxide is 13.9 g.
• the remaining parameters are the same as in Example 1.
• the resulting catalyst is tested under the conditions of Example 1 at a temperature of 1 10° C and a raw material volume feed rate of 3 h "1 .
• the resulting catalysis product has the following composition (in mass %): cumene - 46.13%; ⁇ -methylstyrene - 0.04%; phenol - 34.6%; PCP - 17.17%; o-cumylphenol - 1.10%; and dimers - 0.5%.
• the proposed aluminum zirconium catalyst produced by the proposed process, makes it possible to carry out the process of synthesizing />-cumylphenol by alkylation of phenol with ⁇ -methylstyrene at a temperature of 80-1 10° C and a raw material volume feed rate of 1 -3 h " ' with extremely high efficiency: the content of the end product PCP in the catalysis product is more than 17% by mass, with a low percentage of side products formed - o-cumylphenol and dimers up to 2% by mass.
• the catalyst worked 500 hours without a noticeable reduction in its activity or selectivity.

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• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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