EP1394047A1 - Vorrichtung zum Nachfüllen von Spraydosen - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum Nachfüllen von Spraydosen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1394047A1 EP1394047A1 EP03009229A EP03009229A EP1394047A1 EP 1394047 A1 EP1394047 A1 EP 1394047A1 EP 03009229 A EP03009229 A EP 03009229A EP 03009229 A EP03009229 A EP 03009229A EP 1394047 A1 EP1394047 A1 EP 1394047A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- piston
- spray
- arrangement according
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
- B65B31/003—Adding propellants in fluid form to aerosol containers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for manual refilling of spray cans with liquid components, for example of spray cans with paints and varnishes used in industry or used in the household.
- Such a spray can generally contains a propellant (normally liquefied gas), a solvent and a the pigment, the resin or the like supporting substance. Under the Effect of the excess pressure generated by the blowing agent can the contents of the spray can when you press the in your arranged in the upper part and connected with a valve Be atomized in the area. A correction of the The content of a spray can at its consumer was long not possible because inserting the components into a pressurized spray can the use of a special Equipment required.
- a propellant normally liquefied gas
- U.S. Patent 3,620,266 A smaller and cheaper device for manual Refilling spray cans with liquid components is in U.S. Patent 3,620,266.
- This device involves a mechanism that essentially consists of a hand-operated pump, which is based on the Spray can can be attached using an adapter.
- the Pump has a connection to the container that holds the in the spray can contains liquid to be filled. In the When the pump is operated, this liquid enters the cylinder of the pump and then under that for opening the Valve in the spray can sufficiently high pressure in this pumped.
- There is a special feature of the construction in that they have a special inlet valve is an unrestricted pumping in of the air or one other gaseous medium in the spray can prevented.
- the device described is for solving the above Task, a spray can with the liquid components refill at a consumer, suitable. But she points some drawbacks. First, it includes components that still quite complicated and therefore in manufacturing are expensive. Second, the construction and arrangement of the inlet valve in this device make it possible not, the liquid from the cylinder into the spray can pump all the way in. The reason for this is that the inlet valve is in the upper part of the piston and only closes the interior of the cylinder when the liquid due to the pressure increase in the cylinder the inlet valve flows back to the tank. Since this Only flow back before reaching the bottom of its piston Position can take place remains a noticeable in the cylinder Amount of liquid in both cases for the components of the device (e.g. seals) as can also be harmful to the environment in general. Third, removing the piston from the cylinder of the device after each use for cleaning is an action that for early damage to two of the handle and the piston aligning webs leads to what makes the device unusable makes.
- the invention specified in claim 1 is the object to create a device for refilling of liquid components in the spray cans and the disadvantages of the known devices mentioned above free is. This object is achieved by the in claim 1 listed features solved.
- An advantage of the proposed device is that that the inlet opening in the jacket of the cylinder at one Position is arranged at the in the top position standing pistons underneath from those closest to the spray can and its front surface forming the working surface. On the one hand, this can make the device more complicated be reduced compared to the known device and on the other hand, the cylinder can be operated in one or more operations the piston from liquid components completely be emptied.
- the Inlet opening arranged in one place in the jacket of the cylinder is the one in the top position Piston immediately below that closest to the spray can and its front surface forming the working surface. This can e.g. be avoided that seals the Refill device during comparatively long downtimes subject to the same harmful influences become.
- Another advantage of the device relates to the design a constructive unit defined in claim 2. This The advantage is that the unit mentioned in the in piston in its uppermost position from the cylinder can be easily removed, which is a requirement for regular (after each use) unproblematic cleaning of the device.
- the length of the piston is longer than the distance between the base of the cylinder and is the highest point of the inlet opening (claim 3). This The advantage is due to the fact that the inlet opening is on any place below the work surface of the top Positioning piston can be set up without the Risk of the liquid in the cylinder above the piston comes out of the inlet opening.
- claim 4 is also advantageous of two seals on the piston, each immediately installed above its lower and below its upper face and thus define its length. This is it is possible to close the inlet opening in the cylinder with the piston seal what, among other things, the realization of a simplified Design variant of the device without an inlet valve allows. The use of the latter is then useful if certain requirements are met. she are fulfilled, for example, when a small Amount of air in the spray can the quality of the content of the Spray can and safety due to the materials used not affected. With this equipment of the device is used for pumping the liquid out of the container only the own valve of the Spray can used.
- Kolbens doesn't find its way the effect of an intake valve instead of through the shut-off of the interior of the cylinder by the piston self.
- inlet opening in the lower region of the cylinder, ie directly above its base area. This can minimize the amount of air entering the spray can. However, this is possible under the condition that the design of the inlet valve allows air to pass in the case when, in the previously closed inlet valve, the liquid under pressure in the channel between the inlet opening and the inlet valve is replaced by the likewise pressurized air.
- the space between the level of Liquid in the cylinder and the working surface of the piston of air filled from the container when reset of the piston is also sucked in (after the liquid in the Container is over).
- the inlet valve is first closed by the liquid, then the liquid is pumped into the spray can.
- only the air remains under the piston, which the liquid in the channel between the inlet opening and the inlet valve. If the inlet valve remains closed, the air from the cylinder into the spray can pumped. The amount of in such a situation the spray can entering the air is low, but can in be disadvantageous in individual cases.
- the device has a plurality of inlet openings between the working surface of the piston in its position in the top position and the base of the cylinder are and are connected to each other, the lowest Point of the chamber of the intake valve is not below the level the top inlet opening.
- Another advantage of the device is the possibility to provide them with at least one safety valve and thus to rule out any risk of excessive pressure increase, the excess of liquid from the cylinder into the Container is returned (claim 10).
- a practical one Execution of the safety valve is by the in claim 11 specified characteristics defined. It is advantageous that the Connection of the safety valve to the container by means of a made of a preferably transparent material Hose (for control) is realized (claims 12, 13).
- the training specified in claim 14 relates to a construction variant both with the inlet valve and with the safety valve and has the advantage that the arrangement of the safety valve on the extension of the longitudinal axis of the straightest channel to the inlet opening of the cylinder easiest is to be realized.
- the device shown in Fig. 1 has the simplest Construction on. It consists of a cylinder 1, which means an adapter 2 to be attached to a spray can 3 can.
- a piston 4 is slidably installed in cylinder 1.
- the piston is with the handle 5 through a stick 6 connected, which has a smaller diameter than the piston 4th having.
- On the floor 6 there are two sockets 7, 8 and a locking ring 9, the handle 5 being removable from the stick 6 is.
- a compression spring 10 is arranged between the bushings 7 and 8, under the effect of which the sockets open support the circlip 9 and the piston 4.
- the spring force is sufficiently large to allow the frictional force between the cylinder 1 and the piston 4 together with the the piston 4 acting compressive force of the atmospheric air overcome.
- the maximum travel is not less than that Piston stroke 4.
- the piston 4 has an upper seal 11 and a lower seal 12 that define its length L.
- In the jacket of the cylinder 1 is an inlet opening 13 under the lower seal 12 of the piston 4 arranged with the container 14 through a channel or hose 15 is connected.
- Under the effect the compression spring 12 is the piston 4 in its uppermost Position at which the inlet opening 13 from the piston 4 is not closed, but immediately below it directed to the spray can 3 and its work surface forming end face.
- the piston 4 can be operated the handle 5 against the action of the compression spring 10 after pressed and moved below. Because the length L is larger than the distance between the base of the cylinder and the highest point of the inlet opening 13 is the inlet opening 13 tightly closed by the piston 4, if so is pushed far down that its lower seal 12 is below the level of the inlet opening 13.
- the spray can 3 hermetically connected.
- the device works as follows. In the first Actuation of the handle 5 is included under the piston 4 Compressed air and pumped into the spray can 3, as soon as the pressure in cylinder 1 the pressure in the Spray can 3 exceeds and the valve 16 of the spray can 3 itself thereby opens. After releasing the handle 5, the Piston 4 under the action of the compression spring 10, so that in the lower Area of the cylinder (under the piston 4) a lower one arises as atmospheric pressure. The under the atmospheric Pressure standing in the container 14 flows in the cylinder 1 when the inlet opening 13 at the Coming piston 4 opens its uppermost position again. The liquid fills the entire space in the lower part of the cylinder 1 on. The next time the handle 5 is pressed this liquid is pumped into the spray can 3.
- a small deviation from the target value of the number of operations remains irrelevant because in one operation of the piston 4 only a very small volume of air in the Spray can 3 can be pumped in (The usual pressure of the The medium in the spray can is several bar, so it can Volume of air pumped in in one operation only Reach fractions of the volume of the lower part of the cylinder).
- the compound Components 4 - 12 removed from cylinder 1 and (like the cylinder 1 itself) are cleaned.
- one of the sockets 7, 8 or both sockets 7, 8 or to replace the compression spring 10 the handle 5 and the circlip 9 can be removed from the floor 6. Thereby can also the compression spring 10 and both bushings 7, 8 from Remove stick 6.
- FIG. 2 Another design variant of the device is shown in Fig. 2 shown.
- the inlet valve 17 present in this case serves to repeatedly pump the air into the To prevent spray can 3 in the empty container 14.
- the Any safety valve 18 is on the extension the longitudinal axis of the channel 19 to the inlet opening 13.
- the safety valve 18 allows a backflow of the Liquid from the cylinder 1 in the container 14 at one too high pressure under the piston 4.
- the hose 20 connects the safety valve 18 with the container 14. It is made of a transparent fabric made and thereby enables a visual control of the process.
- This design variant of the device works as follows.
- the piston 4 When the piston 4 is actuated, the air from the cylinder 1 and the spaces of the intake valve 17 in pressed the container 14. Due to the low density the air lifts the ball 21 of the inlet valve 17 not and the path to container 14 remains open.
- the piston 4 With the provision the piston 4, the liquid flows out of the container 14 through the inlet valve 17 and the inlet opening 13 in cylinder 1 under atmospheric pressure, so that the liquid collects in the lower part of cylinder 1. This liquid can be released the next time the piston is actuated 4 can be pumped into the spray can 3.
- the container 14 still contains the liquid in the rooms of the cylinder 1 and the intake valve 17 after a few actuations of the piston 4 no more air as they replaced with each actuation of the piston 4 by the liquid becomes.
- the process is after a certain number of Actuations of the piston 4 or after emptying the container 14 completed.
- the arrangement of the inlet opening 13 at a distance from Base area of cylinder 1 makes sense because it is allows the cylinder 1, the spaces of the channel 19 and the To completely empty the inlet valve 17 from the liquid. However, that can be achieved with the price that a small amount of air may get into the spray can. If this quantity has to be minimized as much as possible, the Inlet 13 in this design variant immediately lie above the base of the cylinder 1 and / or Construction variant with several inlet openings according to claim 8 or with an inlet opening 13 in the form of a Slot used in the jacket of the cylinder 1 according to claim 9 be (see below). If the pressure in cylinder 1 and in the Spray can 3 is too high, the safety valve 18 opens and the liquid flows into the container 14 falling pressure in cylinder 1, the liquid is in the spray can 3 is not pumped into it.
- the third design variant of the device is shown in Fig. 3 shown.
- This design variant differs from the second design variant in that the inlet opening 13 the shape of a slot in the jacket of the cylinder 1, which is closed by the piston 4 pushed down can be.
- the construction variants described represent only one basic structure of the device and include others possible variants of the arrangement of the components of the device not from.
- the device can be equipped with additional Provide openings for ventilation of the closed rooms become. It is also possible to use them for the channels returning from the leaked through the leaks To equip liquid in the container 14.
- the inlet opening 13 can be at a certain height above the base of the cylinder 1 can be arranged so that the Capacity of the cylinder 1 under the inlet opening 13 in a certain ratio to the volume of the rooms of the Channel 19 and the inlet valve 17 is.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Dies ist allerdings unter der Voraussetzung möglich, dass die Ausführung des Einlassventils einen Durchlass von Luft im Fall ermöglicht, wenn bei dem vorher geschlossenen Einlassventil die im Kanal zwischen der Einlassöffnung und dem Einlassventil unter Druck stehende Flüssigkeit durch die ebenso unter Druck stehende Luft ersetzt wird.
- Fig. 1
- Seitenansicht einer Vorrichtung ohne Einlassventil nach Ansprüchen 2 und 4.
- Fig. 2
- Seitenansicht einer Vorrichtung mit einem Einlassventil und einem Sicherungsventil nach Anspruch 14.
- Fig. 3
- Seitenansicht einer Vorrichtung mit einem Einlassventil, einem Sicherungsventil und einer ausgedehnten Einlassöffnung in Form eines Schlitzes im Mantel des Zylinders nach Ansprüchen 9 und 14.
Claims (14)
- Anordnung zum manuellen Nachfüllen gefüllter Spraydosen mit flüssigen Komponenten, mit einer Spraydose (3), die mit einem Inhaltsstoff gefüllt ist, einem Behälter (14), der mit einer in die Spraydose (3) nachzufüllenden flüssigen Komponente gefüllt ist, und einer Nachfüllvorrichtung mit einem Zylinder (1) mit einem Kolben (4), der zwischen seiner obersten und seiner untersten Position im Zylinder (1) verschiebbar ist, einer Feder (10) für die Rückstellung des Kolbens (4) nach dem Arbeitsgang, einem Griff (5) für die Betätigung des Kolbens (4) im Arbeitsgang und einem Adapter (2) für die Befestigung der Nachfüllvorrichtung auf der Spraydose (3), wobei der Zylinder (1) mit dem Kolben (4) mindestens eine Einlassöffnung (13) und eine Auslassöffnung mit entsprechenden Anschlüssen zum Behälter (14) und zu einem Ventil (16) der Spraydose (3) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einlassöffnung (13) im Mantel des Zylinders (1) an einer Stelle angeordnet ist, die bei dem in der obersten Position stehenden Kolben (4) unterhalb von dessen zu der Spraydose (3) nähersten und seine Arbeitsfläche bildenden Stirnseite liegt.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, bei der der Griff (5) mit dem Kolben (4) durch einen Stock (6) fest verbunden ist und von dem Letzteren abnehmbar ist, der Stock (6) einen kleineren Durchmesser als der Kolben (4) aufweist und zwei Buchsen (7, 8) trägt, zwischen denen eine Druckfeder (10) angeordnet ist, wobei eine (8) der Buchsen (7, 8) mit dem Zylinder (1) kontaktiert, und unter der Wirkung der Druckfeder (10) sich eine der Buchsen (8) auf den Kolben (4) und die andere (7) auf einen auf dem Stock (6) angeordneten Sicherungsring (9) stützt, so dass der Griff (5), der Stock (6), der Kolben (4), die Buchsen (7, 8) und die Druckfeder (10) eine konstruktive Einheit bilden, die aus dem Zylinder (1) nach oben herausnehmbar ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der der Kolben (4) eine Länge aufweist, die größer als der Abstand zwischen der Grundfläche des Zylinders (1) und dem höchsten Punkt der Einlassöffnung (13) ist, so dass eine Verbindung zwischen dem Behälter (14) und dem Innenraum des Zylinders (1) nur im unteren Teil des Zylinders (1) bestehen kann, wenn der Kolben (4) sich im oberen Teil des Zylinders (1) befindet und die Arbeitsfläche des Kolbens (4) über dem untersten Punkt der Einlassöffnung (13) liegt.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 4, bei der der Kolben (4) zwei Dichtungen (11, 12) aufweist, die jeweils unmittelbar über seiner unteren und unter seiner oberen Stirnseite installiert sind und somit seine Länge definieren.
- Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei der die Einlassöffnung (13) des Zylinders (1) mittels eines Kanals (19) an eine Kammer angeschlossen ist, die einen Schwimmkörper (21) enthält und einen oberhalb des Schwimmkörpers (21) angeordneten Ventilsitz für den Letzteren bildet, wobei der Ventilsitz an den Behälter (14) angeschlossen ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, bei der der Schwimmkörper eine Kugel (21) ist und der Ventilsitz von einer bei dem Heben der Kugel (21) schließbaren Öffnung gebildet ist, die einen kleineren Durchmesser als der Durchmesser der Kugel (21) aufweist, die kleinste Abmessung der Kammer in jeder Richtung größer als der Durchmesser der Kugel ist, der unterste Punkt jedes Querschnitts des Kanals (19) zwischen der Einlassöffnung (13) und der Kammer nicht über dem untersten Punkt der Kammer und dem untersten Punkt jedes anderen, zur Kammer näher liegenden Querschnitts liegt, dass der Querschnitt des Kanals (19) zwischen der Einlassöffnung (13) und der Kammer an der Anschlussstelle zur Kammer mindestens in einer Richtung eine Abmessung hat, die kleiner als der Durchmesser der Kugel (21) ist, dass die von der Kugel (21) schließbare Öffnung mittels eines Kanals (15) mit dem Behälter (14) verbunden ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, bei der die Einlassöffnung (13) unmittelbar über der Grundfläche des Zylinders (1) angeordnet ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 3 und einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, die mehrere Einlassöffnungen aufweist, die zwischen der Arbeitsfläche des Kolbens (4) bei seiner Stellung in der obersten Position und der Grundfläche des Zylinders (1) verteilt sind und miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der unterste Punkt der Kammer sich nicht unter dem Niveau der obersten Einlassöffnung befindet.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 8, bei der die Verbindung zwischen den Einlassöffnungen mittels eines Schlitzes im Mantel des Zylinders (1) realisiert wird.
- Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, die mit mindestens einem Sicherungsventil (18) versehen ist, das zwischen dem Innenraum des Zylinders (1) und dem Behälter (14) installiert ist und somit einen Rückfluss der im Zylinder (1) gedrückten Flüssigkeit in den Behälter (13) bei einem bestimmten Überdruck im Zylinder (1) ermöglicht.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 10, bei der das Sicherungsventil (18) aus einer gegen eine vorzugsweise kegelförmige Oberfläche von einer Feder gedrückten Kugel (21) in einem vorzugsweise mit Gewinde versehenen Körper besteht.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, bei der das Sicherungsventil (18) mit dem Behälter (13) mittels eines Schlauchs (20) hermetisch verbunden ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 12, bei der der Schlauch (20) aus einem durchsichtigen Stoff gefertigt ist.
- Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8 und einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, bei der der Kanal (19) zwischen der Einlassöffnung (13) und der Kammer geradlinig ist und an der Verlängerung seiner Längsachse nach außen mindestens ein Sicherungsventil (20) installiert ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10218364A DE10218364A1 (de) | 2002-04-25 | 2002-04-25 | Vorrichtung zum Nachfüllen von Spraydosen |
DE10218364 | 2002-04-25 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1394047A1 true EP1394047A1 (de) | 2004-03-03 |
EP1394047B1 EP1394047B1 (de) | 2006-12-20 |
Family
ID=29264814
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03009229A Expired - Lifetime EP1394047B1 (de) | 2002-04-25 | 2003-04-23 | Vorrichtung zum Nachfüllen von Spraydosen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1394047B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE348757T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10218364A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9126752B2 (en) * | 2013-06-12 | 2015-09-08 | Seymour Of Sycamore Inc. | Ambient cure pigmented or clear top coat non-isocyanate system |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3620266A (en) | 1969-10-27 | 1971-11-16 | Seymour Of Sycamore Inc | Injection pump assembly for aerosol containers |
US4532967A (en) * | 1982-07-09 | 1985-08-06 | Firma Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh & Co. Kg | Metering pump, as well as process and apparatus for filling a container equipped with a metering pump |
US4938260A (en) | 1988-08-19 | 1990-07-03 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Pneumatic aerosol can filling machine |
US5647408A (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-07-15 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Aerosol can filling head |
US5975152A (en) | 1998-05-29 | 1999-11-02 | Pump Tec, Inc. | Fluid container filling apparatus |
US6302163B1 (en) * | 1999-05-26 | 2001-10-16 | Ed Zeigler | Reduced volatile emissions pneumatic aerosol can filling machine |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3211191A (en) * | 1955-02-04 | 1965-10-12 | Honisch Egon Johann | Apparatus for measuring a volatile liquid and for filling a container |
DE7916970U1 (de) * | 1979-06-13 | 1979-10-04 | Deutsche Calypsolgesellschaft Mbh & Co, 4000 Duesseldorf | Geraet zur wiederbefuellung von zweikammer-presspack-spraydosen |
DE8907388U1 (de) * | 1989-06-16 | 1990-10-18 | Stanger, Reinhard, 4992 Espelkamp | Vorrichtung zum Befüllen oder zum Wiederbefüllen von Spraydosen |
-
2002
- 2002-04-25 DE DE10218364A patent/DE10218364A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-04-23 EP EP03009229A patent/EP1394047B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-23 AT AT03009229T patent/ATE348757T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-23 DE DE50306014T patent/DE50306014D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3620266A (en) | 1969-10-27 | 1971-11-16 | Seymour Of Sycamore Inc | Injection pump assembly for aerosol containers |
US4532967A (en) * | 1982-07-09 | 1985-08-06 | Firma Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh & Co. Kg | Metering pump, as well as process and apparatus for filling a container equipped with a metering pump |
US4938260A (en) | 1988-08-19 | 1990-07-03 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Pneumatic aerosol can filling machine |
US5647408A (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-07-15 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Aerosol can filling head |
US5975152A (en) | 1998-05-29 | 1999-11-02 | Pump Tec, Inc. | Fluid container filling apparatus |
US6302163B1 (en) * | 1999-05-26 | 2001-10-16 | Ed Zeigler | Reduced volatile emissions pneumatic aerosol can filling machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50306014D1 (de) | 2007-02-01 |
EP1394047B1 (de) | 2006-12-20 |
ATE348757T1 (de) | 2007-01-15 |
DE10218364A1 (de) | 2003-11-20 |
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