EP1367174B1 - Auftragsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Auftragsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1367174B1
EP1367174B1 EP03017779A EP03017779A EP1367174B1 EP 1367174 B1 EP1367174 B1 EP 1367174B1 EP 03017779 A EP03017779 A EP 03017779A EP 03017779 A EP03017779 A EP 03017779A EP 1367174 B1 EP1367174 B1 EP 1367174B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
application
substrate
application device
boundary layer
electrode arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03017779A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1367174A1 (de
Inventor
Richard Bernert
Benjamin Dr. Méndez-Gallon
Manfred Ueberschär
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Voith Paper Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Paper Patent GmbH filed Critical Voith Paper Patent GmbH
Publication of EP1367174A1 publication Critical patent/EP1367174A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1367174B1 publication Critical patent/EP1367174B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/005Curtain coaters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/46Pouring or allowing the fluid to flow in a continuous stream on to the surface, the entire stream being carried away by the paper
    • D21H23/48Curtain coaters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22Addition to the formed paper
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S118/00Coating apparatus
    • Y10S118/04Curtain coater

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for applying liquid or pasty application medium by means of a commissioned work on a running Substrate according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the airborne boundary layer carried by the subsoil is also at other types of commissioned work, the order result disadvantageous can affect the invention, the example below a Curtain applicator be discussed in more detail, i. one Applicator, in which the commissioned work the application medium as essentially gravity-based moving curtain or Gives the veil to the ground.
  • curtain applicator also known in the art as “curtain coating”
  • the application medium to the substrate in the form of a coating medium curtain discharged which is essentially due to gravity Commissioned work moved to the ground. That the curtain commissioned work is at a predetermined distance from the ground, has among others the advantage that it is for example in a web break is exposed to a lower risk of damage.
  • curtain coaters differ from other "contactless" commissioned works, For example, free-jet nozzle applicators, in which the movement of the commissioned medium from the commissioned work to the underground mainly comes from the ejection pulse from the dispensing nozzle of the commissioned work, fundamentally, since the shape of emerging from the dispensing nozzle Curtain only the interplay between the surface tension the application medium and gravity is exposed.
  • the surface tension trying to get the curtain based on its volume or its cross-sectional area has a very large surface or Has circumferential length, contract, so as to increase its surface area reduce. This effect is resisted only by gravity, which is the Curtain tries to stretch. It is therefore easy to see that it is all the more is more difficult to evenly over the entire working width Aufgas medium curtain to get, the larger this working width.
  • the coating of material webs by means of a curtain applicator is from the coating of photographic Films, tapes and the like have long been known. Indeed have the material webs in these applications a considerable smaller width than in modern plants for the production of Paper and cardboard webs is the case where web widths of more than 10 m are required.
  • One evenly over this width thick order medium curtain form and to be able to hold stable is a task in which it is anything but obvious, from the comparatively easy to control known narrow Application medium curtains suggestions for a functional To expect solution.
  • DE 199 03 559 A1 An application device of the generic type is known from DE 199 03 559 A1 known.
  • DE 199 03 559 A1 presents a whole series of Active principles before, which should make it possible for the material web entrained air boundary layer immediately in front of a curtain commissioned work to weaken.
  • This is done inter alia by a sealing element, which extends in the material web transverse direction and on the material web surface is applied.
  • the sealing element can, for example, as a roller be formed, which can be rotationally driven so that their Lateral surface near the contact area with the material web in the same Direction as the material moves.
  • a disadvantage of this device is that on the material web after passing the sealing element again form an entrained by the web air boundary layer can. On the possibilities to increase the efficiency of these principles of action However, this document is not going to improve.
  • US 3 369 522 A1 discloses a curtain coating applicator device, when in the direction of the impact of the application medium on the Underground a blade-like trained sealing element is provided, which is transverse to the direction of the ground adjacent to this extends.
  • the blade-like sealing element itself can with a for Underground pointing suction nozzle opening as a suction device be educated.
  • US 5 336 534 A1 discloses a curtain coating applicator device, in which a near the impact of the application medium on the Substrate arranged ultrasonic source for influencing the of the Material web entrained air layer is provided.
  • EP 0 489 978 A1 also shows a curtain coating applicator.
  • Running direction before the impact is one as one of the contour of the Counter roll following cylinder shell segment formed air layer attenuation device intended.
  • This air layer weakening device is in close proximity, but with distance to Surface of the counter roll arranged so that a gap between the the counter roll circumferential web and the air layer attenuation device is provided.
  • Intermediate section is a device for the extraction of air intended.
  • WO 97/03009 deals with the problem of drying Webs after the application of media, namely printing inks, especially in low-web offset and flexo printing. She suggests the Gas molecules on the surface of the web by means of a corona discharge ionize and accelerate to an electrode to by the gas exchange associated with this "ion wind" at the Material web surface to increase the drying efficiency.
  • the weakening device is an elastic Includes sealing plate, which is stored at one end and with their opposite free end opposite the ground, wherein the Seal plate at one between its bearing end and their free end point forming a rotation axis so is supported, that a deflection of the between the bearing side End and the support point located Abdichtplattenabitess due a prevailing between the two sides of the plate differential pressure a deflection of the between the support point and the free end at least counteracts the Abdichtplattenabites located to especially at higher differential pressures one particular specifiable maximum distance between the sealing plate and the To comply with the subsurface.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by an application device of solved generic type in which the attenuation device a Electrode assembly comprises.
  • This electrode arrangement can the Affect air boundary layer in different ways and thus at least part of the laminar flow of the air boundary layer convert into a turbulent flow.
  • the electrode assembly a plurality of in the transverse direction of the Underground adjacent to each other arranged individual electrodes, preferably Needle electrodes, or at least the electrode assembly comprises a flat electrode, which on its side facing the ground it may have a plurality of protrusions or needle tips come between the electrode and the substrate to discharges.
  • the Air molecules charged in these discharges are in the air of the Electrode arrangement accelerated and can generate electric field generated thereby at least partial destruction of the laminar character lead the flow of the air boundary layer.
  • the electrode assembly from the ground a distance of between about 2 mm and about 30 mm exhibit.
  • the electrode assembly may be at a predetermined be held electrical potential, which, for example, a value of between about 5 kV and about 60 kV, preferably about 30 kV.
  • the electrode assembly is a high-frequency electrical Alternating field radiates.
  • the frequency of the alternating field can be be chosen such that at least a portion of the air molecules to Vibrations is stimulated. In consequence of these vibrations becomes again at least part of the laminar flow of the air boundary layer converted into a turbulent flow.
  • the further electrode arrangement can, for example, be connected to the suction device, preferably its downstream end, and from this be arranged electrically insulated. It is particularly advantageous if the Electrode arrangement in the suction-active region of the suction device, i.e. for example, in the at least one elastic element circumscribed area of the suction device, is arranged.
  • the suction device and the electrode assembly do not work independently but complement each other in influencing the Air boundary layer. For example, that of the electrode assembly generated turbulent fraction of the flow of the air boundary layer directly be sucked from the suction device.
  • a comparable vibration excitation by means of a weakening device can be achieved, which includes an ultrasonic source.
  • the Frequency of this ultrasound source can in turn be chosen such that at least a part of the air molecules is excited to vibrate.
  • the Weakening device is preceded by a conditioning device, which the uppermost layers of the air boundary layer substantially completely removed.
  • a conditioning device which the uppermost layers of the air boundary layer substantially completely removed.
  • the efficiency of the Weakening device of various influences for example the running speed of the underground.
  • the Kontitionleitersvorraum ensures by the removal of the uppermost areas of the air boundary layer that diminished the dependence on these influences, if not even completely prevented.
  • the needs Weakening device no longer against the entire air boundary layer to proceed, but only against that of the conditioning device passed part. As a result, the weakening device relieved and can be designed accordingly low-power.
  • the Kont michstechniksvoriques comprise a bar extending in the transverse direction of the ground, which may be formed for example by a simple sheet metal strip. It is also possible that the conditioning device aerodynamic Exploits effects, for example by looking in the transverse direction has a cross section that is in the shape of an upside down Wing profile has.
  • the conditioning device can be self-supporting or also be attached to the attenuator.
  • the weakening devices according to the invention used in particular in an applicator device which has a curtain applicator, i. one Commissioned work, which the order medium as in essence Gravity-induced moving curtain or veil to the ground emits.
  • an applicator device is generally designated 10.
  • she comprises a curtain applicator 12, from the dispensing nozzle 14th Application medium 16 as a coating medium curtain 18 to a in Running direction L moving substrate U is discharged.
  • the substrate U from the surface 20a of a Material web 20 formed on the application medium 16 as a coating layer 22 is applied.
  • a suction device 24 with a suction box 26th provided at a predetermined distance from the underground U is arranged.
  • an effective suction To ensure that the suction region 26a of the suction box 26 is in the illustrated embodiment to the environment by means of a Plurality of differently configured sealing elements 28, 30 and 32 sealed, all formed as elastically deformable elements are.
  • a elastic film 28 attached, for example, of a composite material can be made, which on its surface with Teflon is coated.
  • the film 28 takes one from top to bottom and right curved to the left and nestles against the surface 20a the web 20, wherein they due to their inherent elasticity against the Material web 20 is biased. Furthermore, the film 28 is replaced by the Suction effect of the suction box 26 pressed against the substrate U, what improves their sealing effect.
  • the jammed in the Suction region 26 a of the suction box 26 penetrated air boundary layer G, what the laminar character of the flow of this air boundary layer G at least partially destroyed and sucked off in the air boundary layer G entrained air facilitated by the suction box 26.
  • the downstream End 28a of the film 28 has from the impact position P of Curtain 18 on the ground U a distance d. This distance is d such that, on the one hand, the reconstruction of an air boundary layer on the path section between the suction box 26 and the impact position P and physical contact between film 28 and curtain 18 can be prevented.
  • the suction region 26a of the suction box 26 is from the brush 30 limited.
  • This brush 30 brakes the entering into the suction region 26a Air boundary layer G and attenuates their laminar character to Favor turbulent flow rates.
  • To increase the efficiency of Effect of the brush 30 can reduce the hardness of the bristles 30a of this brush 30 in FIG Remove running direction L, which in Fig. 1 by a right to left decreasing line thickness of the individual bristles 30a of the brush 30 performing Dashes is indicated.
  • Hard bristles are particularly suitable to slow down the air boundary layer G, as they are not so easy from this can be deflected while soft bristles due to their higher mobility are more likely, the laminar flow in one to convert turbulent flow.
  • Substantially orthogonal lateral boundary elements 32 which may be made of sponge rubber, for example and for complete sealing of the suction region 26a relative to Serve the environment.
  • Fig. 1 upstream of the suction device 24 is still a Conditioning device arranged in the form of a triangle wedge strip.
  • These Conditioning strip 36 has the task of the uppermost layers of the air boundary layer G lift off before the subsurface areas of the air boundary layer the suction box 26 are supplied. In consequence of this relatively easy to be expected weakening of the air boundary layer G, the Suction device 24 low-power and thus provided cheaper become.
  • the strength of the air boundary layer G varies after the conditioning strip 36 no longer so strongly in dependence from the operating parameters of the applicator 10, than this the conditioning strip 36 is the case.
  • Fig. 2 is another embodiment of a not present Invention to be calculated order device illustrated. This is shown in Fig. 2 generally designated 110.
  • a Umlenkolin 140 is provided, one of them End 140a a part of the air boundary layer G from the ground U picks up.
  • the deflecting strip 140 is curved in such a way that they a part G 'of the tapped air flow to substantially 180 ° deflected and opposite to the direction L on the air boundary layer G. allow to act.
  • the laminar character of at least the upper areas of the air boundary layer G are weakened.
  • a Partition wall 142 ensures that the air flow G 'substantially can be passed undisturbed against the air boundary layer G.
  • the Deflection bar 140 and the partition 142 have from the underground U preferably a distance of less than 1 mm.
  • Another proportion G "of the tapped from the Umlenkang 140 air is through an opening 140 b of the Umlenkang 140 in a directly directed upstream of the application medium curtain 118.
  • the result Overpressure generated on the curtain 118 on the front side helps to prevent this towards the influence of the air boundary layer G to stabilize further.
  • a device 250 which generates an electric field through which the Material web 220 passes through.
  • the electric field both lead to electrical discharges, which the air molecules of the Air boundary layer G load electrically and orthogonal to the underground U accelerate.
  • the device 250 with a high-frequency alternating electric field on the air boundary layer G. acts whose frequency is selected such that at least a portion of the Air molecules is excited to vibrate. Both effects cause that at least part of the laminar flow of the air boundary layer G in a turbulent flow is converted, which in Fig. 3 by right to left increasingly curved whirl arrows is indicated and to a weakening of the air boundary layer G leads.
  • An electrode arrangement corresponding to the field generation device 250 50 is also provided in the embodiment of FIG. 1, and although preferably at the downstream end of the suction box 26th between the suction box 26 and the film 28.
  • the of this electrode assembly 50 outgoing discharges e disturb the laminar Character of the air boundary layer G, so that the air entrained by this can be sucked from the suction box easier.
  • the application device 310 according to FIG. 4 differs from that of FIG Embodiment of FIG. 3 only in that the in the running direction L provided upstream of the curtain applicator 312 device 360 for weakening the entrained by the material web 320
  • Air boundary layer G comprises an ultrasonic source whose frequency such It is chosen that at least a part of the air molecules in the Air boundary layer G are excited to vibrate. With regard to the the resulting weakening of the air boundary layer G is on the Explanations to Fig. 3 pointed.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 serve only for Explanation of further, independent of the present invention Possibilities for achieving the object of the present invention.
  • the air boundary layer G can, as in Fig. 5 for the applicator 410, also by means of a in the direction L upstream of the Curtain applicator 412 arranged sealing roller 470 weakened which are against the surface 420a of the web 420. is pressed and rolls on this.
  • the jacket 470a of the sealing roller 470 is made of an elastic material, such as rubber or a rubbery material, made to withstand the stress of the web 420 as a result of pressing the roller 470 as low as possible can.
  • the roll shell 470a has a plurality of Openings 470b, and is the roller 470 with a suction pump 472 connected to the air entrained by the air boundary layer G. through the apertures 470b at least partially from the surface 420a of the web 420 sucks.
  • the sealing roller 570 as in the example of Applicator 510 is shown in Fig. 6, but also a have break-through roll shell 570a.
  • This sealing roller 570 forms together with a counter roll 574 a nip N, through which the Material web 520 is passed. Since the web 520 the Counter roll 574 wraps around the nip N, and also the Sealing roll 570 in the region of the nip N against the web 520 is set, the air boundary layer G in Nip N by the sealing roller 570 blocked.
  • rollers are 570 and 574th at the same time usable as heatable or coolable calender rolls. This is the Setting a specific line pressure or a specific line pressure Surface pressure in Nip N required, which in Fig. 6 by the arrows D is indicated.
  • the suction port 576a a suction box 576, which is connected to a suction pump 572 connected.
  • the suction opening 576 a is by means of a Aperture element 528, for example one against the web 520 employed towing scraper, sealed.
  • the suction port 576a can directly adjoining the sealing roller 570, as in FIG. 6 according to which the suction opening 576a by means of another Shutter element 528 'is divided into two parts.
  • the Sealing roll 570 substantially completely in the suction box 576th added. That only the one engaged with the material web 520 Peripheral portion of the sealing roller 570 and adjacent thereto, a safety distance between the material web 520 and the Suction box 576 providing peripheral portions protrude from the Suction box 576 out.
  • sealing rollers 470 and 570 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively in Combined with a suction device it is basically also possible to provide the sealing roller alone.
  • This embodiment of the Application device 610 allows the length d of the running distance between the sealing roller 670 and the impact position P of the Commission 612 commissioning medium curtain 618 specially to keep it short.
  • the rollers 470 and 570 depending on the machine width, a diameter of up to to 1000 mm, for example, with a machine width of 4 m one Diameter of about 500 mm.
  • the arrangement of the aperture element 528 allows a small distance even with larger roller diameter d to the application medium curtain 518.
  • a substantially non-contact Sealing device 780 shown in an applicator 710 can be used, both alone and for example in combination with other sealing devices, such as the Embodiment of FIG. 1 instead of the conditioning strip 36th Die Sealing device 780 includes a relatively resilient sealing plate 782 which at one end by means of a suction box 784 provided Bearing 786 is mounted and with its free end of the web 720 opposite, from which it has a distance X.
  • the sealing plate 782 is up to the clamped in the bearing 786 end curved, from that in the region of the suction box 784 provided vacuum side 784a away up to the pressure side is arched. At least she is in the area of her free end Essentially tangential to the web 720 introduced.
  • the relatively elastic sealing plate 782 is at one between her bearing-side end and located at their free end point 782a below Forming a transverse to the web running direction L extending axis of rotation so supported that a deflection of the between the bearing side End and the support point 782 a located sealing plate portion 782 b in Result of a prevailing between the two sides of the plate
  • Differential pressure of an undesirable deflection or deflection of the between the support point 782a and the free end Sealing plate portion 782c at least counteracts, in particular even with higher differential pressures a maximum distance X between the sealing plate 782 and the web 720 to comply. This will be achieved that especially at higher differential pressures of desired distance X is at least substantially maintained, i. especially does not get bigger.
  • the relatively elastic sealing plate 782 by a on the vacuum side 784a arranged stiffer support plate 788 supported. This is provided with through holes 788a and on their left End together with the adjacent end of the sealing plate 782 in the camp 786 clamped.
  • the support point 782a and thus the axis of rotation formed in its area lie closer to the free end of the sealing plate 782 than the bearing side In the present case, in the area of the free end of the Sealing plate 782 is arranged.
  • With the provided in the support plate 788 openings 788a is ensured that between the bearing end and the support point 782a located sealing plate portion 782b in the required manner from Negative pressure is applied.
  • the sealing plate 782 is under Forming a transverse to the web running direction L extending axis of rotation through the free right end of the underlying stiffer support plate 788 supported.
  • the distance to be maintained between the sealing plate portion 782c and the web 720 may be adjustable.
  • this distance X even when the machine is at a standstill or at low web speeds be given.
  • the sealing plate portion 782c only when starting the machine, i. with increasing web speed is lifted by a part of the air boundary layer G, wherein the desired distance X, however, at the latest when reaching the operating speed established. Due to the latest in operation adjusting non-contact sealing can thus also in this Fall to no abrasion.
  • the sealing device 780 thus prevents in each case that a larger proportion of entrained by the web 720 Air G in the range of not shown in Fig. 8 impact position P of Application medium curtain passes.
  • the entrained by the web 720 air boundary layer G is so scraped or stripped for the most part.
  • Another advantage is to call the sealing plate portion 782c on the surface of the Material web 720 entrained impurities readily can dodge. And even with a web break and a "packing" of the Back-up roller 774 is in danger of damaging the sealing device 780 reliably prevented.

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  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
EP03017779A 2000-03-14 2001-03-13 Auftragsvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP1367174B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10012257 2000-03-14
DE10012257A DE10012257A1 (de) 2000-03-14 2000-03-14 Auftragsvorrichtung
EP01927724A EP1272709B1 (de) 2000-03-14 2001-03-13 Auftragsvorrichtung

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01927724A Division EP1272709B1 (de) 2000-03-14 2001-03-13 Auftragsvorrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1367174A1 EP1367174A1 (de) 2003-12-03
EP1367174B1 true EP1367174B1 (de) 2005-05-04

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EP01927724A Expired - Lifetime EP1272709B1 (de) 2000-03-14 2001-03-13 Auftragsvorrichtung

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Country Status (7)

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US (2) US20030145785A1 (ja)
EP (2) EP1367174B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2003527236A (ja)
AT (2) ATE294893T1 (ja)
CA (1) CA2403002A1 (ja)
DE (3) DE10012257A1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2001068981A1 (ja)

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ES2472732T3 (es) * 2006-05-02 2014-07-02 Dow Corning Ireland Limited Dispositivo de sellado de bandas
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EP2424010B1 (en) 2009-04-22 2017-03-22 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing electrode for battery and coating die used in the method
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DE102017111173B4 (de) * 2017-05-22 2019-10-17 Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Aufbringen eines Trennmittels auf ein umlaufendes Band
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ATE259449T1 (de) 2004-02-15
US20040237885A1 (en) 2004-12-02
DE10012257A1 (de) 2001-09-20
US7192485B2 (en) 2007-03-20
WO2001068981A1 (de) 2001-09-20
EP1272709A1 (de) 2003-01-08
JP2003527236A (ja) 2003-09-16
DE50101474D1 (de) 2004-03-18
ATE294893T1 (de) 2005-05-15
EP1272709B1 (de) 2004-02-11
EP1367174A1 (de) 2003-12-03
US20030145785A1 (en) 2003-08-07
CA2403002A1 (en) 2001-09-20
DE50106150D1 (de) 2005-06-09

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