EP1313745A1 - Monohydrate d'amifostine et son procede de production - Google Patents

Monohydrate d'amifostine et son procede de production

Info

Publication number
EP1313745A1
EP1313745A1 EP01969659A EP01969659A EP1313745A1 EP 1313745 A1 EP1313745 A1 EP 1313745A1 EP 01969659 A EP01969659 A EP 01969659A EP 01969659 A EP01969659 A EP 01969659A EP 1313745 A1 EP1313745 A1 EP 1313745A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
monohydrate
amifostine
trihydrate
water
methanol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01969659A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Artur Di Burger
Arnim Laicher
Martin Auer
Elisabeth Gstrein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Astellas Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Fujisawa Deutschland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fujisawa Deutschland GmbH filed Critical Fujisawa Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP1313745A1 publication Critical patent/EP1313745A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
    • C07F9/16—Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids
    • C07F9/165—Esters of thiophosphoric acids
    • C07F9/1651—Esters of thiophosphoric acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds with further substituents on alkyl

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the production of a trihydrate, a monohydrate and the amorphous form of amifostine (AF), in particular the reproducible production of the monohydrate of AF.
  • AF amifostine
  • Amifostin is S- [2- (3-aminopropylamino) ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorothioate (anhydrate: CAS No. 20537-88-6, C5H15N203PS, No. 214.22). It is used as a cytoprotective agent in tumor therapy. AF (prodrug) is dephosphorylated to free thiol (active form) by the alkaline phosphatase. AF therefore selectively protects non-tumor-infested cells from radiation and cystostatics, because the concentration of alkaline phosphatase in healthy cells is much higher than in tumor cells. The usual dose is 0.910 g / m 2 body surface area in adults (15-minute infusion) (Hunnius Pharmaceutical Dictionary; 8th edition, A. Burger and H. Wamba; Berlin, New York: de Gruyter, 1998).
  • AF is first synthesized by Piper J.R. et al. in the Journal of Med. Chem. 12, 236-243 (1969) in the search for potential protective agents against radioactive radiation.
  • the synthesis proceeds over several stages, the final step being a precipitation of an aqueous solution of AF by adding methanol. There is no information about the concentration of the aqueous solution and a precise description of the addition.
  • AF monohydrate (probably based on elemental analysis) with a melting point of 160 to 161 ° C (Kofler heating bench) is mentioned as the product of the synthesis.
  • the analytical investigations are carried out by Piper et al. not detailed. No thermoanalytical, morphological or crystallographic characterization of the monohydrate was carried out (except for the determination of the melting point).
  • Freeze-drying amorphous AF is described by Zadeii, J.M. et al. in Pharm. Res. 8, 172 (1991) contrasted crystalline AF without, however, addressing the water content of AF.
  • AF trihydrate is mentioned as a synthesis product, which is formed by adding ethanol to an aqueous solution of AF.
  • the trihydrate of amifostine (melting point 85-88 ° C. with decomposition; DSC, 5 K / min) is generally obtained by crystallization from aqueous solvents or by stirring the suspension of any form of AF in aqueous solvents.
  • the object of the invention is to provide the monohydrate of amifostine and a reproduced process for its production.
  • a trihydrate, a monohydrate and the amorphous form of amifostine (AF) are produced quantitatively and reproducibly.
  • AF trihydrate (melting point 85-88 ° C with decomposition; DSC, 5 K min), which precipitates out by crystallization from aqueous solvents or by stirring the suspension of any form of AF in aqueous solvents, is between 13 and 43 at 25 ° C % relative humidity (RF) stable in the investigation period of 13 days.
  • RF relative humidity
  • Amorphous AF can be easily produced by storing the trihydrate over phosphorus pentoxide.
  • the monohydrate of AF (melting point approx. 134 to 136 ° C. with decomposition; DSC, 5 K min "1 ) is achieved by continuously adding an aqueous solution of AF (with respect to anhydrous substance) to a 2-20-fold excess of methanol within 2-20 minutes, the solution is preferably concentrated to 10-30%, the excess of methanol is 2-10 times and the addition is preferably carried out within 10-20
  • the quantity ratio water / methanol as well as the type of implementation play a decisive role for a quantitative and reproducible recovery AF monohydrate is stable at 25 ° C between 13 and 62% relative humidity in the investigation period of 9 days.
  • the three solid shapes produced were characterized and identified using thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and vibration spectroscopy.
  • the DSC method and X-ray diffractometry should be given preference, since it is the easiest way to recognize admixtures of other forms.
  • the water is completely removed by storing the monohydrate over phosphorus pentoxide at 25 ° C. for several days. When subsequently stored at 13% relative humidity, the monohydrate forms again within 1 hour.
  • the amorphous form is formed within less than 2 days.
  • An anhydrous, crystalline form is not yet known. In particular, no direct conversion from trihydrate to monohydrate was observed. A conversion from monohydrate to trihydrate was only found at relative humidities from 75%. The behavior of monohydrate and trihydrate after complete water removal is interesting. After subsequent exposure to low relative humidity (13%), the dried monohydrate immediately absorbs water again with the formation of a monohydrate. In contrast, an amorphous phase can be found in the trihydrate after water removal, the sorption properties of which differ depending on the original trihydrate product.
  • the present invention shows that trihydrate, monohydrate and amorphous form of amifostine can be obtained quantitatively and reproducibly.
  • the reproducible AF crystal form according to the invention is distinguished by a particular stability compared to known compositions and does not require an additional stabilizer, such as e.g. Mannitol.
  • the chemically and physically very stable monohydrate is advantageous over the trihydrate when amifostine is processed into sterile products for reconstitution.
  • the latter must be stored under refrigerator conditions, since it is already converted into the amorphous form at temperatures above 35 ° C.
  • the production of the trihydrate requires considerable validation effort in order to arrive at a reproducible product.
  • Fig. 3 DSC curve of AF monohydrate (S1), perforated capsule, heating rate 5 K min "1 .
  • Fig. 5 DSC curve of AF monohydrate (S1), high pressure capsule, heating rate 5 K min "1 .
  • Fig. 6 DSC curves of AF trihydrate (E), comparison of different sample capsules,
  • Fig. 8 TGA curves of monohydrate (S1) and trihydrate (recrystallized from 20% ethanol and inoculated with E), heating rate 5 K min "1 .
  • M monohydrate (S1), a: amorphous form.
  • Fig. 12 Water vapor sorption (mass change Wt based on dry matter) of the amorphous form, obtained from trihydrate E, between 13 and 84% RH at 25 ° C.
  • Fig. 14 Water vapor desorption and sorption of the monohydrate (S1) (mass change Wf based on the hydrated substance) at 0 and 13% relative humidity (25 ° C).
  • Fig. 15 Water vapor desorption (mass change Wf based on the hydrated substance) of the trihydrate (E and SN 40.1) and the monohydrate (S1) over phosphorus pentoxide (0% RH) at 25 ° C.
  • Fig. 16 Water vapor desorption (mass change Wf based on the hydrated substance) of the trihydrate SN 40.1 at 25 ° C and relative humidity of 13 to 43%; for comparison also the desorption curve at 0% RH.
  • Thermomicroscopy with Kofler heating table (Reichert, Vienna), mounted on an Olympus microscope BH-2 equipped with a video system or with a Kofler heating table microscope Thermovar® (Reichert, Vienna); both microscopes with polarization device.
  • Siemens X-ray diffractometer D-5000 Diffrac / AT with ⁇ / ⁇ geniometer (Siemens AG, Düsseldorf, Germany), CuK ⁇ radiation (acceleration voltage 40 kV, tube current 40 mA), nickel filter for monochromatization, Göbel mirror, scintillation counter, angular range 2 ° to 40 ° (2 ⁇ ), step size 0.01 ° (2 ⁇ ), measuring time 2 s. Calibration of the d values (CuK ⁇ ⁇ ) with silicon NBS standard.
  • Air-conditioned sample chamber consisting of low-temperature chamber, TTK (Anton Paar KG, A-Graz), in conjunction with the SYCOS-H humidification system (asynco, D-Karlsruhe). Determination of drying loss
  • the sorption measurements were carried out at 25 ° C and 13, 31, 43, 62, 75 and 84% relative air humidity, the desorption measurements at 25 ° C and 0% and at 35 ° C and 13% relative humidity.
  • the release or absorption of water by the test substance was determined gravimetrically depending on the time (from 2 hours to 16 days).
  • special semi-micro hygrostats UJ Griesser and A. Burger, Int. J. Pharm. 120, 83-93 (1995)
  • the sample weights for Ethyol® were approx. 40 to 50 mg and approx. 180 mg for amifostine trihydrate (SN 35.6 and SN 40.1) and were carried out to an accuracy of ⁇ 0.02 mg.
  • the relative humidity (RF) in the thermostatted semi-micro hygrostats was adjusted with phosphorus pentoxide (RF 0%) and saturated Saline solutions of lithium chloride (RF 13%), calcium chloride (RF 31%) and potassium carbonate (RF 43%), ammonium nitrate (RF 62%), sodium chloride (RF 75%) and potassium chloride (RF 84%).
  • RF relative humidity
  • the moisture measurements were measured or checked with an air humidity measuring device Lufft GTL (G. Lufft Mess- und Regeltechnik GmbH, D-Stuttgart). This air humidity measuring device was calibrated with saturated solutions of lithium chloride and magnesium chloride.
  • the thermostats of the hygrostats were thermostatted in an incubator thermostatted at 25 or 35 ° C, which is located in the cooling room thermostatted at 15 ° C. The temperature of these locations of the hygrostats was checked over time with a registering thermometer. It was constant at +0.5 K.
  • Ethyol® (Ch. 98D16-17), AF trihydrate (SN 35.6 and SN 40.1), AF amorphous (SN 35.6 UK after drying tests) and Amifostin S1 (SN 35/3 UK) were added to the sample vessel of the semi-micro hygrostat weighed in and immediately afterwards placed in the conditioned hygrostat.
  • the trihydrate can e.g. by suspending any mixture of trihydrate, monohydrate and amorphous form in water or methanol, and by recrystallization from ethanol / water (for example 20% v / v) or tert-butyl alcohol / water (for example 20% v / v), subsequent filtration using a water jet vacuum (approx. 10 mbar, approx. 10 min) and drying at room temperature.
  • ethanol / water for example 20% v / v
  • tert-butyl alcohol / water for example 20% v / v
  • the use of seed crystals can be beneficial in this procedure.
  • Precipitation with ethanol (96%) or with tert-butyl alcohol from an aqueous solution at room temperature is particularly useful.
  • the appropriate precipitant should not be dropped too quickly into the aqueous solution up to a maximum content of 20%.
  • a white precipitate forms.
  • the monohydrate can be produced reproducibly in the following way: For example, 200 mg of trihydrate (for example SN 40.1, see Table 1) are dissolved in 0.5 ml of water by heating to 40 ° C. for about 1 minute. 4 ml of methanol are introduced into a 50 ml round bottom flask and stirred with a magnetic stirring at room temperature (about 300 U min "1). The aqueous solution is slowly added dropwise with a Pasteur pipette, forming a white precipitate. The suspension is min. 10 min stirred and then filtered with a microglass filter (G4) over a water jet vacuum, washed with 4 ml of ethanol (96%) and air-dried on a filter paper.
  • a microglass filter G4
  • the amorphous form (anhydrous) is obtained by storing the trihydrate over phosphorus pentoxide to constant weight, which is associated with approx. 20% mass loss. The time required for this depends on the production of the trihydrate and the temperature. The process takes a few hours at approx. 50 ° C, and one to a few days at 25 ° C.
  • the trihydrate (E) obtained by lyophilization is in the form of white rods and small irregular platelets, as well as grains.
  • the sample shows practically no interference colors in polarized light.
  • the crystals are already removed approx. 50 ° C darker due to dehydration. From 70 ° C the crystals are much darker. The remaining crystals show no pronounced onset of melting, but flow into one another at approx. 110 ° C. The melting end is approx. 130 ° C.
  • the sample melts with decomposition.
  • Silgel a suitable silicone oil for thermomicroscopic examination
  • the majority of the rods and stems also show low interference colors, only a few larger plates show higher interference colors.
  • a change in the interference colors due to dehydration can be observed from 73 ° C.
  • glass bubbles form at this temperature, which increases sharply above 80 ° C.
  • the crystals flow between 138 and 155 ° C with decomposition.
  • the white crystals of the monohydrate (S1) have a small-grained habit and melt (melt) when heated on a thermal microscope from 145 ° C with decomposition.
  • DSC Differential calorimetry
  • Fig. 1 shows the DSC curve of E (trihydrate produced by lyophilization).
  • Fig. 2 shows the DSC curve of a trihydrate, which was produced by recrystallization from ethanol 20% (V / V).
  • the melting point of the monohydrate (S1) determined by DSC is between 134 and 136 ° C (Fig. 3).
  • the very broad melting peak of the monohydrate is in accordance with the thermomicroscopic examinations and can be attributed to the fragility of the sample. This is also the explanation for the fact that when the melting point is determined with the Kofler heating bench (determination of the instant melting point), as is customary with decomposable substances, a much higher value (160 to 161 ° C) is found. If the heating-up speed is reduced from 5 K / min to 0.5 K / min in the DSC examinations, the melting is already carried out at 120 ° C.
  • Fig. 6 shows the DSC curves of E recorded using different DSC sample capsules.
  • the melting point of the trihydrate (E) determined using a tightly closed aluminum sample capsule is 87 ° C.
  • Fig. 7 presents an overview of the DSC curves of the 3 crystal forms of AF recorded with perforated aluminum sample capsules.
  • the mass losses are between 16.6 and 19%.
  • Fig. 8 shows the TGA curves of monohydrate and trihydrate recorded under the same conditions.
  • the greater thermal load capacity of the monohydrate can be clearly seen, in which a significant loss of mass only begins at around 100 ° C, but in the case of the trihydrate at around 60 ° C.
  • the FTIR spectra of E, S1 and the amorphous form of AF obtained using the KBr pressing technique show considerable differences and can therefore be used for identification (Fig. 9).
  • the comparison of the 3 IR spectra shows particularly significant band shifts between 3300 and 3500 cm and between 1750 and 1300 cm.
  • the 3 crystal forms of AF can also be characterized by means of FT Raman spectroscopy (Fig. 10).
  • the areas 2800 to 3100 cm “1 , 1350 to 1500 cm “ 1 and 900 to 1100 cm “1 are particularly suitable for identification.
  • the powder X-ray diffractograms (Fig. 11) of the two hydrates of amifostine show marked differences in the interplanar spacing and reflection intensities.
  • the amorphous shape shows a corresponding absorption ridge.
  • the powder X-ray diffractogram calculated using the atomic coordination published in the literature (Kraus, W. and Nolze, G., Powder Cell. (1, 8), computer program, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin (1995)) of the trihydrate corresponds to the experimentally determined diffractogram of the trihydrate investigated.
  • the X-ray diffractograms recorded as a function of the temperature show the presence of pure monohydrate at 100 ° C when small amounts of trihydrate (E and SN 40.1) are used. The monohydrate is no longer available quantitatively in the corresponding recordings of larger quantities (Tab. 3).
  • Fig. 12 shows the percentage of water absorption of the amorphous form obtained from the trihydrate after drying, measured as a function of time and storage conditions, at 25 ° C at various relative air humidities (RF).
  • Fig. 13 shows the sorption of S1 (monohydrate) at 25 ° C and different relative humidity.
  • Fig. 14 shows the water vapor desorption and sorption of the monohydrate (S1) at 0 and 13% relative humidity. In contrast to trihydrate, dehydration lasts over 2 weeks. On the other hand, the re-formation of the monohydrate is complete after 1 hour at 13% relative humidity. However, the repeated storage of the monohydrate at 0% RH shows that it only takes about 1 week to dehydrate.
  • Fig. 15 shows a comparison of the desorption behavior of the trihydrate (E and SN 40.1) and the monohydrate (S1) over phosphorus pentoxide (0% RH).
  • the desorption of the trihydrate takes less than 2 days to form the amorphous form.
  • the two trihydrate crystals E and SN 40.1 practically do not differ in the recorded dehydration process.
  • the mass loss determined here is approximately 20% in each case.
  • the calculated mass loss for a trihydrate is 20.13% (based on the water-containing substance) when the anhydrate is formed.
  • the desorption of the monohydrate (theoretical mass loss 7.75%) is significantly slower and is only completed after 10 days.
  • the mass loss measured is 7.5%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne du monohydrate d'amifostine, produit de manière reproductible par un procédé selon lequel on ajoute en continu pendant 2 à 20 minutes une solution aqueuse d'amifostine ayant une concentration de 10 à 60 % en poids (par rapport à la substance anhydre) à un surplus de volume de 2 à 20 fois de méthanol. Une forme de dosage contenant du monohydrate d'amifostine cristallin et stérile reste thermiquement stable à 20 °C pour une durée d'au moins 6 mois.
EP01969659A 2000-09-01 2001-08-28 Monohydrate d'amifostine et son procede de production Withdrawn EP1313745A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2000143170 DE10043170C2 (de) 2000-09-01 2000-09-01 Amifostin-Monohydrat und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE10043170 2000-09-01
PCT/EP2001/009902 WO2002018396A1 (fr) 2000-09-01 2001-08-28 Monohydrate d'amifostine et son procede de production

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1313745A1 true EP1313745A1 (fr) 2003-05-28

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EP01969659A Withdrawn EP1313745A1 (fr) 2000-09-01 2001-08-28 Monohydrate d'amifostine et son procede de production

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1313745A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001289844A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10043170C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002018396A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1945604A1 (fr) * 2005-11-03 2008-07-23 Albermarle Corporation Procede de fabrication d'halogenures de (omega-aminoalkylamino)alkyle et conversion en amifostine
WO2007096901A1 (fr) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 Natco Pharma Limited Nouvelle forme dihydrate d'amifostine et son procédé de préparation
US8815833B2 (en) 2006-11-09 2014-08-26 Seidose, LLC Stable amifostine liquid concentrate
CN102286020A (zh) * 2011-07-11 2011-12-21 大连美罗大药厂 一水合3-氨基丙基胺乙基硫代磷酸的制备方法
CN103509049B (zh) * 2013-10-15 2016-05-25 美罗药业股份有限公司 一种制备药用氨磷汀的方法
EP3824880A1 (fr) * 2019-11-25 2021-05-26 Clevexel Pharma Poudre lyophilisée contenant du 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]éthanethiol et son utilisation pour la préparation d'un thermogel

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3892824A (en) * 1968-12-16 1975-07-01 Southern Res Inst S-{107 -({107 -aminoalkylamino)alkyl dihydrogen phosphorothioates
DD289448A7 (de) * 1982-07-29 1991-05-02 Amt Fuer Atomsicherheit Und Strahlenschutz,De Verfahren zur herstellung von s-[2-(3-amino-propylamino)ethyl]-dihydrogenthiophosphat
DD289449A7 (de) * 1983-07-29 1991-05-02 Amt Fuer Atomsicherheit Und Strahlenschutz,De Verfahren zur herstellung von s-[2-(3-amino-propylamino)ethyl]-dihydrogenthiophosphat
US5424471A (en) * 1992-07-31 1995-06-13 U.S. Bioscience, Inc. Crystalline amifostine compositions and methods of the preparation and use of same
SG47101A1 (en) * 1992-07-31 1998-03-20 Us Bioscience Crystalline amifostine compositions and methods for the preparation and use of same
US6407278B2 (en) * 1998-11-16 2002-06-18 Medimmune Oncology, Inc. Stable amorphous amifostine compositions and methods for the preparation and use of the same

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0218396A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10043170C2 (de) 2002-10-24
WO2002018396A1 (fr) 2002-03-07
DE10043170A1 (de) 2002-03-28
AU2001289844A1 (en) 2002-03-13

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