EP1308366B1 - Dispositif d'avertissement de personnes travaillant sur la voie - Google Patents

Dispositif d'avertissement de personnes travaillant sur la voie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1308366B1
EP1308366B1 EP01440364A EP01440364A EP1308366B1 EP 1308366 B1 EP1308366 B1 EP 1308366B1 EP 01440364 A EP01440364 A EP 01440364A EP 01440364 A EP01440364 A EP 01440364A EP 1308366 B1 EP1308366 B1 EP 1308366B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
estw
rbc
module
interface
train
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01440364A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1308366B2 (fr
EP1308366A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolf-Helmut Rahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
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Application filed by Alcatel CIT SA, Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel CIT SA
Priority to EP01440364A priority Critical patent/EP1308366B2/fr
Priority to AT01440364T priority patent/ATE319601T1/de
Priority to DE50109154T priority patent/DE50109154D1/de
Publication of EP1308366A1 publication Critical patent/EP1308366A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1308366B1 publication Critical patent/EP1308366B1/fr
Publication of EP1308366B2 publication Critical patent/EP1308366B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
    • B61L23/06—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for warning men working on the route
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
    • B61L27/20—Trackside control of safe travel of vehicle or train, e.g. braking curve calculation
    • B61L2027/202—Trackside control of safe travel of vehicle or train, e.g. braking curve calculation using European Train Control System [ETCS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L2205/00—Communication or navigation systems for railway traffic
    • B61L2205/02—Global system for mobile communication - railways [GSM-R]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for Rottenwarppe.
  • Rottenwarnanlagen warning railway workers of approaching trains are divided into signal-independent warning systems and signal-dependent warning systems.
  • signal-dependent warning systems are prescribed according to the accident prevention regulations for speeds> 200 km / h.
  • the main signal or block signal covering the construction site area can not be set until the gang has generated a message to the interlocking indicating that the track has been cleared.
  • the known systems have the disadvantage that extensive changes and extensions to the interlocking must be made and a cable connection between the interlocking and work on the track must be made.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a simpler device for Rottenwarppe and an associated method for rotting warning.
  • the device according to the invention has an interface to a radio network, via which automatically at least one radio station can be contacted, for the purpose of warning railway workers via radio about the approach of a train.
  • the device according to the invention is advantageously designed as an ESTW interface module, which is connected via an interface to an ESTW.
  • the ESTW informs the ESTW interface module about the current locations, the occupancy of the track sections and / or for ETCS the position reports of the approaching trains including the associated track numbers.
  • the ESTW interface module compares the received information with previously stored information about tracks on which track workers operate, eg at a construction site. When a train approaches the construction site, a warning signal is sent to the rail workers via radio, eg GSM-R, under the control of the ESTW interface module.
  • the track workers are equipped with standard mobile phones, eg GSM mobile phones.
  • the warning signal can be transmitted simultaneously to a previously defined telephone, eg that of the site supervisor, and / or broadcast to all track workers. Only after receipt of an acknowledgment signal from the site supervisor confirming that no track worker is in the danger zone anymore, the relevant track is released and the approaching train can pass.
  • the safety can be increased be used for the communication between site supervisor and ESTW interface module a coded radio transmission. In a simple way, random numbers can be used for the coding, which are determined before the transmission and are known only to the site supervisor and the ESTW interface module.
  • ETCS European Train Control System.
  • the RBC transmits the information about the trains to the RBC via radio - by GSM-R - directly from the trains, where the trains read information about balises.
  • the inventive device for Rottenwar Vietnamese is, characterized in that an interface to an electronic interlocking module and an interface to a radio network is provided, that the device is adapted to receive information about at least one train from the electronic interlocking module and stored information about at least one Boustellen Schemes Kunststoff and that the device is suitable for automatically transmitting a warning signal via the radio interface to at least one radiotelephone in the event that a train approaches a construction site area, the call number of which is stored in the device.
  • the information about a current construction site e.g. Date, time, track section, are entered into the device before startup.
  • the operator (dispatcher) of the ESTW locks the relevant track section for the entered time period, e.g. 8:00 am to 10:00 am or 7:00 pm to the end.
  • Track workers who are in the danger zone during the time span are alerted by the warning signal of an approaching train.
  • the warning signal is sent by radio, at least one track worker, e.g. the site supervisor, has a radiotelephone by means of which he can receive the warning signal.
  • the device according to the invention is advantageously characterized in that the device is suitable, in the case of receiving an acknowledgment signal to the warning signal, automatically generate an ESTW command to release the previously-automatically locked track section on which the train approaches and to the electronic interlocking module to send.
  • the site supervisor instructs his track workers to leave the danger area. Once this has been done, it sends an acknowledgment signal to the device via radio. This is now informed that no more track workers in the danger area located. The appropriate track can be released, the approaching train pass.
  • the device according to the invention is furthermore advantageously characterized in that the device is suitable for comparing at least a part of the received acknowledgment signal with stored numbers or a stored code and generating the ESTW command only if the at least one part of the received acknowledgment signal is stored with a stored one Number or the stored code matches.
  • the communication between the device and site supervisor is secured. Easiest way by numbers that are known only to the device and the site supervisor and are sent in excerpts in each transmission. Alternatively, letters, special characters, a special coding or a, e.g. asymmetric encryption used.
  • the device according to the invention is furthermore advantageously characterized in that the electronic interlocking module is embodied as an ESTW operator station, as an ESTW operator station server or as an ESTW.
  • the device is embodied as an ESTW interface module or as an ESTW operator station.
  • the invention is applicable to all ETCS systems.
  • the device could also be installed in one go.
  • the invention is applicable even in driverless operation.
  • the device on the train receives e.g. the information about a construction site area closed due to construction work via balises and / or radio and sends out a warning signal via radio as it approaches this area. If he does not receive an acknowledgment signal, he stops. If he receives an acknowledgment signal, he can pass the construction site.
  • Construction site area of a rail system is characterized in that information about at least one train of an electronic interlocking module or an RBC module of a device are provided that in the device, the received information is compared with stored in the device information about at least one construction site area, and that automatically a, via radio to at least one radiotelephone whose phone number is stored in the device to be sent warning signal is generated when the comparison shows that a train is approaching a construction site area.
  • the inventive method is advantageously method is characterized in that after receipt of an acknowledgment signal to the warning signal automatically generates an ESTW command or an RBC command to release the track section on which approaches the train and sent to the electronic interlocking module or RBC module becomes.
  • the computer product according to the invention contains computer program code means which are designed to perform the steps of the method according to the invention when the computer program runs on a computer.
  • the invention is realized for example by software.
  • a special computer program e.g. in C ++ programming language.
  • the computer product is advantageously embodied as a computer program or as a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer program according to the invention is distributed, for example, via CD-ROM.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2. 1 shows a schematic representation of an ESTW operating station and a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows the arrangement of the required devices for an automatic Rottenwarppe via GSM mobile phones.
  • the invention relates to high-speed railway lines, which must be equipped with signal-dependent warning systems and which are controlled by electronic interlockings (ESTW).
  • ESTW electronic interlockings
  • the electronic interlocking usually always contains an operator station and monitors as well as an input option via mouse or keyboard.
  • the existing ESTW operator station 8 which may also be referred to as ESTW workstation or ESTW display module, is connected to the inventive device 7, which is designed as an ESTW interface module.
  • the interface between the ESTW operator station 8 and the ESTW interface module can be designed as a LAN connection or serial interface.
  • the ESTW interface module receives the locations of the trains via this interface. For this, the ESTW operating station 8 need not be changed, since the ESTW interface module only listens to the data stream. If a speed information of the trains is available in the ESTW operating station 8, this is also transmitted. Furthermore, the ESTW interface module is connected, for example via an ISDN interface or directly to a GSM module 6, which has an interface to the GSM network.
  • the GSM network is, for example, the network of a provider selected for the Rottenwarn procedure or the network several providers.
  • the ESTW interface module and the GSM module 6 can also be integrated in one device.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • GSM-R Global System for Mobile communications
  • GPRS GPRS
  • EDGE EDGE
  • UMTS mobile radio
  • the ESTW operator station 8 is further connected to a plurality of modules 3, 4, 5, which may optionally be embodied as: input / output means, monitor, keyboard, computer mouse, printer, etc.
  • the ESTW operator station 8 is e.g. Part of a control room, a control center or a control center and is e.g. executed as a computer with corresponding special software.
  • the ESTW interface module is further connected to a plurality of modules 1, 2, which may optionally be designed as: input / output means, monitor, keyboard, computer mouse, printer, etc.
  • the ESTW interface module is designed, for example, as a computer with correspondingly special software. Instead of a computer, a computer system with at least two computers, for example three computers, can be provided.
  • the ESTW interface module is programmed so that it can perform the appropriate functions. The programming takes place eg by means of the programming language C ++.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of two mobile devices.
  • the one mobile device 10 is a GSM mobile station with an interface to a portable computer 11, e.g. running as a laptop.
  • the other mobile device 9 is a GSM mobile station.
  • the mobile device 10 serves as an A-cell phone, the mobile device 9 as a B-cell phone.
  • an A-cell phone and at least one B-cell phone is provided, e.g. two, three, four or five B-phones.
  • the affected track is entered via an input means, eg computer mouse or keyboard, at the ESTW interface module.
  • an A-cell phone is selected for the construction site and the phone number of the A-cell phone is stored together with the construction site track.
  • the ESTW interface module advantageously also a number of so-called TAN numbers are generated via a program for random numbers, printed and stored together with the phone number of A-cell phones.
  • the construction manager responsible for the construction site takes the printed TAN number list to the construction site. An electronic transmission of the TAN numbers is omitted for security reasons, since the connection could be intercepted.
  • the number of a selected, other A-cell phone and the construction site track is also stored and a list of new TAN numbers is generated, printed and stored, with the ESTW interface module containing those TAN Numbers, which occur accidentally even in the first construction site, not accepted.
  • the numbers of the A-cell phone associated B-cell phones are stored in order to enable a group call.
  • the first TAN number of the next track section to be worked on blocks it before the track work in this section is started.
  • the site supervisor sends the dispatcher the first TAN number via radio.
  • another TAN number of the TAN numbers assigned to the respective track section can also be used as a signal for blocking.
  • the dispatcher transmits a receipt to the site supervisor via radio. The receipt from the signal box confirms the effectiveness of the blockage and that there is no more train in and before the blocked section.
  • This type of locking and unlocking minimizes the duration of the blockage to the actual duration of the trackwork.
  • the respective site supervisor must agree only once at the beginning of the construction work with the dispatcher, then run all warnings automatically ob. In this agreement, the site manager notifies the beginning of construction and the dispatcher blocks the route.
  • the time of the blocking and lifting of the block can be specified by the dispatcher via radio as described for the migrating construction site, even at a single construction site.
  • a normal entry into the ESTW operating station 8 locks this route against driving. In the ESTW this route can marked as locked and provided with a note and displayed on the operating monitor. The reminder is eg RO1 for rump 1 and RO2 for rump 2, etc.
  • the portable computer 11 which is connected to the A-cell phone.
  • the numbers of B-phones are advantageously stored.
  • the B-phones can also be analog devices, which are selected by the portable computer 11 and the A-Handy or directly from the ESTW interface module via group call. Every construction worker on the track has a B-cell phone, which he can use to clear the construction site. The warning is triggered by the ringtone of the mobile phone or when wearing hearing protection a built-in hearing protection and connected to the phone headphones or the vibrator function of the phone.
  • the ESTW interface module automatically generates a warning in the form of a data telegram with the code protection customary for signaling technology and transmitted via the GSM module 6 to the A-cell phone of the site supervisor and the connected portable computer 11. For documentation purposes, this will be printed out on the time-of-day printer connected to the ESTW interface module.
  • the track workers receive a request via the B-phones to clear the track. Once the track has been cleared, the site supervisor on the A-cell phone issues a corresponding message with the next TAN number from its TAN number list, which arrives at the ESTW interface module via GSM.
  • the ESTW interface module compares the received TAN number with the expected TAN number and, if it matches, automatically generates the ESTW command to release the track lock and sends it to the ESTW operator station 8. If the cancellation is effective, a driveway can use the Construction site covering signal to be made. If it is determined in the ESTW interface module that the train has disbanded the route, it automatically initiates a new blockage of this route the registration of the reason, eg RO 1.
  • the ESTW interface module will transmit a message to the A-cell phone together with the next TAN number that the construction site can be entered again ,
  • the site supervisor compares the TAN number with his list and, if the received TAN number matches, releases the board.
  • the TAN number list can also be stored in the portable computer 11. Then the comparisons with the TAN numbers and the transmission of the TAN numbers are automated.
  • the portable computer 11 is, for example, programmed so that it compares an incoming warning call with the stored TAN numbers and transmits a collective call to all B phones if they match. Likewise, the corresponding TAN number is sent automatically when sending an acknowledgment signal.
  • A-cell phone and portable computer 11 can also be integrated in one device, eg Nokia Communicator.
  • the Nokia Communicator and ESTW interface modules share a common data interface, such as cable or infrared, that allows the TAN numbers to be communicated to the Nokia Communicator and / or the Nokia Communicator number to the ESTW interface module.
  • the TAN numbers protect against unauthorized interventions.
  • another securing method may be used, e.g. a cryptic encryption via a so-called "Security Translator" during the transmission from and to the A-Handy.
  • TAN numbers other numbers may be used or codes e.g. also contain letters or only letters or special characters.
  • the ESTW interface module has security responsibility. It must detect every train approaching the construction site and automatically block the signal covering the construction site or the affected track sections.
  • the train is braked in front of the construction site as the automatically inserted lock remains in effect.
  • Fig. 3 shows a device according to the invention and its connection.
  • the device 7 is designed as an ESTW interface module and has an interface to a radio network and a connection to the GSM module 6. Structure and operation correspond to the device according to the invention of the first embodiment.
  • the device 7 from FIG. 3 is connected via a bus system or a local network to the ESTW operating station 8 as well as to an ESTW operator station server 12 and to an ESTW 13.
  • the local area network is e.g. executed by an Ethernet LAN.
  • a protocol e.g. TCP / IP used.
  • the individual elements can also be connected to one another via two, three or more bus systems.
  • a bus system may have one, two, three or more buses.
  • the data of the axle counters or track circuits are received and evaluated.
  • the ESTW 13 provides the relevant data to the ESTW operator station server via the LAN interface to the ESIW operator station 12.
  • the ESTW operator organizes the distribution of the relevant data to the device 7 and to the ESTW operator station 8.
  • Device 7 thus receives information about trains from the ESTW 13 via the ESTW operator station server 12 and sends the generated ESTW command either via the LAN Interface to the ESTW operator station 8 or via the LAN interface to the ESTW operator station server 12, which forwards him to the ESTW 13.
  • the GSM module 6 may instead be connected directly to the device 7 via the LAN. Alternatively, GSM module 6 may also be connected directly to ESTW 13.
  • two, three, four or more can also be connected to the LAN.
  • a RBC can also be used.
  • the GSM module 6 can be dispensed with and the radio communication to the workers in the track can be handled via the RBC.
  • device 7 transmits the warning signal to be transmitted via radio via the server, which is then configured as RBC operator station server, or directly to the RBC.
  • the ESTW operator station 8 must be replaced by an RBC operator station.
  • FIG. 4 shows a device according to the invention and its connection.
  • the functionality of the device 7 from FIG. 3 is integrated in device 8 ', which is designed as an ESTW operating station.
  • the functionality is essentially provided by software programming.
  • a special computer program thus takes over the issue of the Rottenwarppe.
  • Device 8 ' has an interface to a GSM module 6, which corresponds to the GSM module of Fig. 3.
  • the GSM module may also be connected to the LAN and connected to device 8 'via the LAN.
  • Device 8 'thus corresponds to a standard ESTW operator station with additional programming for execution of the Rottenwarppe and monitoring a construction site area.
  • GSM module 6 can be omitted.
  • Fig. 5 shows a device according to the invention and its connection.
  • Device 7 of FIG. 5 is connected to ESTW operator station server 12, ESTW operator station 8, and another ESTW operator station 14 via a local area network, a bus system, two or more local area networks, or two or more bus systems.
  • ESTW 13 is connected to ESTW operator station server 12 via a point-to-point connection, a local area network, a bus system, two or more local area networks or two or more bus systems.
  • Fig. 6 shows a device according to the invention and its connection.
  • the elements correspond in functionality to the elements of the same name from FIG. 3.
  • ESTW operator station server 12 of FIG. 6 is connected to device 7 and ESTW operator station 8 via point-to-point connections, a local area network, a bus system, two or more local area networks or two or more bus systems.
  • ESTW 13 is connected to ESTW operator station server 12 via a point-to-point connection, a local area network, a bus system, two or more local area networks or two or more bus systems. Combinations of individual or multiple features from different AusSteüngsbeiyour are possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif (7, 8') pour l'avertissement des personnes travaillant sur la voie, caractérisé en ce qu'une interface pour un module électronique de poste d'aiguillage (8, 12, 13, 14) et une interface pour un réseau radio sont prévues, en ce que le dispositif (7, 8') est approprié pour recevoir des informations sur au moins un train du module électronique du poste d'aiguillage et pour les comparer avec des informations mémorisées sur au moins une zone de chantier, et en ce que le dispositif (7, 8') est approprié, dans le cas où un train s'approche d'une zone de chantier, pour émettre automatiquement un signal d'avertissement par l'interface radio à au moins un téléphone radio (10, 9), dont le numéro d'appel est mémorisé dans le dispositif (7, 8').
  2. Dispositif (7, 8') selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (7, 8') est approprié, dans le cas où l'on reçoit un signal d'acquittement du signal d'avertissement, pour générer automatiquement une instruction ESTW pour la libération de la section de voie bloquée automatiquement auparavant sur laquelle le train s'approche et pour l'envoyer au module électronique du poste d'aiguillage.
  3. Dispositif (7, 8') selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (7, 8') est approprié pour comparer au moins une partie du signal d'acquittement reçu avec des numéros mémorisés au un code mémorisé et pour générer l'instruction ESTW seulement lorsque la au moins une partie du signal d'acquittement reçu coïncide avec un numéro mémorisé ou le code mémorisé.
  4. Dispositif (7, 8') selon la revendication 1. caractérisé en ce que le module électronique du poste d'aiguillage (8, 12, 13, 14) est réalisé comme un poste de commande ESTW (8, 14), comme un serveur de poste de commande ESTW (12) ou comme ESTW (13).
  5. Dispositif (7, 8') selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en cc que le dispositif (7, 8') est réalisé sous la forme d'un module d'interface ESTW ou d'un poste de commande ESTW (8').
  6. Dispositif (7, 8') selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, à la place de l'interface avec le module électronique du poste d'aiguillage (8, 12, 13, 14), il est prévue une interface avec un module RBC et en ce que le dispositif (7, 8') est approprié pour recevoir des informations sur au moins un train du module RBC et les comparer avec des informations mémorisées sur au moins une zone de chantier, en ce que le module RBC est réalisé sous la forme d'un poste de commande RBC, d'un serveur de poste de commande RBC ou de RBC (13) et en ce que le dispositif (7, 8') est réalisé sous la forme d'un module d'interface RBC ou d'un poste de commande RBC.
  7. Procédé pour contrôler une zone de chantier d'une installation de rails, caractérisé en ce que des informations sur au moins un train sont mises à la disposition d'un dispositif (7, 8') par un module électronique de poste d'aiguillage (8, 12, 13, 14) ou un module RBC, en ce que les informations reçues sont comparées dans le dispositif (7, 8') avec des informations mémorisées dans le dispositif (7, 8') sur au moins une zone de chantier, et en ce qu'un signal d'avertissement à envoyer par radio à au moins un téléphone par radio (10, 9), dont le numéro d'appel est mémorisé dans le dispositif (7, 8'), est généré automatiquement lorsque la comparaison montre qu'un train s'approche d'une zone de chantier.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que, après la réception d'un signal d'acquittement du signal d'avertissement, une instruction ESTW ou une instruction RBC est générée automatiquement pour la libération de la section de voie bloquée automatiquement auparavant sur laquelle le train s'approche et est envoyée au module électronique du poste d'aiguillage ou au module RBC.
  9. Produit informatique contenant des moyens de codage de programme informatique qui sont conçus de manière à exécuter les étapes du procédé selon la revendication 7 lorsque le programme informatique se déroule sur un ordinateur.
  10. Produit informatique selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le produit informatique est réalisé sous la forme d'un programme informatique ou sous la forme d'un support de mémorisation pouvant être lu par l'ordinateur.
EP01440364A 2001-10-26 2001-10-26 Dispositif d'avertissement de personnes travaillant sur la voie Expired - Lifetime EP1308366B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01440364A EP1308366B2 (fr) 2001-10-26 2001-10-26 Dispositif d'avertissement de personnes travaillant sur la voie
AT01440364T ATE319601T1 (de) 2001-10-26 2001-10-26 Vorrichtung zur rottenwarnung
DE50109154T DE50109154D1 (de) 2001-10-26 2001-10-26 Vorrichtung zur Rottenwarnung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01440364A EP1308366B2 (fr) 2001-10-26 2001-10-26 Dispositif d'avertissement de personnes travaillant sur la voie

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1308366A1 EP1308366A1 (fr) 2003-05-07
EP1308366B1 true EP1308366B1 (fr) 2006-03-08
EP1308366B2 EP1308366B2 (fr) 2010-06-23

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EP01440364A Expired - Lifetime EP1308366B2 (fr) 2001-10-26 2001-10-26 Dispositif d'avertissement de personnes travaillant sur la voie

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1308366B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE319601T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50109154D1 (fr)

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USRE49115E1 (en) 2013-10-21 2022-06-28 Railware, Inc. Tools for railway traffic control

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EP1645483A1 (fr) * 2004-10-08 2006-04-12 Recherche et Développement, Ingénierie s.a.r.l. Système d'annonce automatique de trains
FR2879550B1 (fr) * 2004-12-21 2014-04-11 Alstom Belgium Sa Installation de protection des travailleurs en voie
GB2503188B (en) * 2011-12-01 2016-06-29 Savory Leslie Remote operational management system
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DE50109154D1 (de) 2006-05-04
ATE319601T1 (de) 2006-03-15
EP1308366A1 (fr) 2003-05-07

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