Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
  • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
  • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
  • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
  • B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
  • B07C5/365—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means
  • B07C5/366—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means during free fall of the articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
  • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
  • B03B9/061—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse the refuse being industrial
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
  • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
  • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
  • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
  • B07C5/344—Sorting according to other particular properties according to electric or electromagnetic properties
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S209/00—Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
  • Y10S209/93—Municipal solid waste sorting

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device and a method for sorting out metallic fractions from a bulk material flow according to the preamble of the independent claims.
• Metallic fractions have to be sorted out or separated from different bulk material flows. In the simplest case, these are crown caps from beer bottles and aluminum parts made from a bulk flow of broken glass. But also more inhomogeneous bulk material flows, for example shredded car parts, have to be sorted according to their different metal and non-metal fractions.
• the stainless steel fraction in particular must be separated from other fractions. Stainless steel, like non-ferrous metals, is not very ferromagnetic.
• Saturation effects can also cause a particle causing a strong change in inductance to desensitize the coil for such a long period of time that considerable incorrect sorting or extremely slow conveying speeds have to be accepted.
• DE-Al 40 17 274 finally describes a device for recognizing and separating metal particles, in which various drop channels are provided with detector coils, each of which controls a flap mechanism for deflecting free-flowing bulk material.
• various drop channels are provided with detector coils, each of which controls a flap mechanism for deflecting free-flowing bulk material.
• shredded material for example car scrap
• these channels also tend to clog with bulk goods.
• the size and shape of the parts to be sorted depends not only on the materials used in the vehicles but also on the type of shredder.
• the sorting parameters will therefore remain essentially the same when the sorting device is in operation.
• the invention is based on the object of creating a method and a device for sorting out these metallic fractions, the sorting out being carried out quickly and also reliably for larger parts.
• the distance from the center of mass to the sensor can be regarded as the same for all parts.
• the sensor described in more detail in the second part of the description with reference to the drawing makes it possible to detect eddy currents in a metal part to be separated out. testify, especially those made of aluminum or stainless steel, which then in turn build up a magnetic field that counteracts the excitation field. Due to the structure of the field, but especially due to the line losses that the eddy currents experience in the metal, an energy loss is caused in the field-generating sensor, which as damping of this oscillator is a degree for the size, distance and size of the object. The individual particles to be sorted out are heated up a little by the eddy currents.
• the invention on the other hand, "measures" the particle and controls a blow-out nozzle bar which provides the particle with a suitable air flow for ejection during a fall distance, e.g. is connected downstream of a horizontally running conveyor belt. This ensures that the trajectory that is always the same for the selected particles is much better than that of a very strong field that induces eddy currents in all objects with different strengths for repulsion.
• the optional optical detection of the particles on the belt or at the beginning of the drop distance offers a great advantage, because it offers the possibility of more precise position information, which in turn is arranged via the air nozzles, which are much denser than the coils, with precisely defined action points on the focal points to blow the particles and thus bring about an optimal change in trajectory.
• the entire bulk material flow can be monitored by a plurality of sensors, which are arranged next to one another transversely to the bulk material flow, and further - the metal / no metal - information can be determined for the optically detected objects and, with sufficient selectivity, based on the object size and the senso information a decision about the type of metal will also be possible. Since the field distribution of each LC sensor coil decreases sharply towards the edge, it is proposed to provide at least two rows which are arranged offset from one another.
• the invention proposes to arrange, in addition to the sensors at the same distance from the bulk material flow, further sensors at different distances from the bulk material flow, in order to identify fractions with a significantly different response ranges in the bulk material flow and thus to enable certain fractions to be sorted out between upper and lower limits.
• additional optoelectronic sensors can also be provided, which transmit the signals obtained from the electromagnetic detection with optoelectronically detected signals, i.e. for example, qualify the size and color of the object.
• Another advantage of the invention is the ability to reverse logic, i.e. either blowing out the usable metal fraction or blowing out the usable plastic fraction, depending on what the desired, marketable fraction supplies pure.
• Fig.l is a schematic representation of a sorting device
• the device has bulk conveying means 10, a conveyor belt, to which an optional fall chute 12 is attached Part of a drop distance to parallelize the individual particles.
• the individual objects are then captured by a line camera 14, which depicts the object stream line by line and whose signals are sent to electronics, which recognizes individual objects with an evaluation of a plurality of lines, and these objects in color and possibly. Classifies shape classes and, above all, detects the respective sensor information for each object from the detector coils 18 in order to give a precise blow-out command to a row of blow-out nozzles 20.
• the blow-out nozzles 20 can also blow out elongated objects and those in which the sensor coils 18 did not respond, by e.g. to the right behind a partition 22 is changed.
• the sensor coils 18 Since the sensor coils 18 have a poorer response at the edge than in the middle, it is proposed to arrange them in two rows which are offset from one another. The time delay when responding to debris particles (which pass from top to bottom in FIG. 2) can be easily compensated for by signal processing means on the way to the control electronics.
• the plurality of sensor coils 18 designed as an LC resonant circuit is provided under an essentially horizontal section of the bulk material flow has the advantage that the distance variable to the coil, which is very strongly involved in the result, varies the least from one object to the next, since these mostly come closest to the conveyor belt with their focus.
• the resonant circuits induce high-frequency eddy currents, the presence of which causes damping of the coils 18, which signals the presence of a metal particle, but is not yet suitable for determining the blow-out position. Even a large number of sensor rows provide this information insufficiently, so that additional optoelectronic means, namely the line camera 14, are provided for the location detection of each bulk material particle.
• Illumination 16 can be provided in transmitted light or in incident light.
• the camera 14, lighting 16 and also the blow-out nozzles 20 can also be arranged on the side of the trajectory opposite the illustration in FIG. 1, or two or more cameras can be used for viewing both the front and the rear.
• Such a variant is particularly suitable for the correct sorting out of composite materials, such as are increasingly occurring with automobile scrap.
• Hoses with metal clamps are available, whereby a predetermination can be made in the software of the system to feed them to a fraction. It may be desirable to feed them either because of the small metal part of the metal fraction or because of the predominant rubber part of the non-iron fraction.
• Image processing can then improve the vertical resolution of the metal sensor system from 10 mm to 1 mm, since it is possible to work with a grid of 0.5 mm and a sampling rate of 2 kHz.
• the sensor coils 18 are arranged in a closely bundled upward radiation of the field lines through an open end side, which is formed in one piece with a vertically arranged ferrite core 24 (diameter approx. 10 mm).
• the operating voltage is advantageously 20-30 V DC and, in addition to a potentiometer, means for shifting the response sensitivity are provided for moving the sensor coils 18 one line away from the bulk material flow into different distances from the latter.
• the signals received from each coil are fed via a demodulator to a trigger circuit for signal evaluation with regard to the signal level.

Landscapes

• Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
• Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (2)

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• 2000
  • 2000-01-27 DE DE10003562A patent/DE10003562A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2001
  • 2001-01-12 WO PCT/DE2001/000108 patent/WO2001054830A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 2001-01-12 AU AU40423/01A patent/AU784959B2/en not_active Expired
  • 2001-01-12 EP EP04005366A patent/EP1433541B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-01-12 DE DE20180017U patent/DE20180017U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-01-12 AT AT04005366T patent/ATE295235T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-01-12 DE DE50103979T patent/DE50103979D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-01-12 ES ES01911348T patent/ES2230278T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-01-12 DE DE50106233T patent/DE50106233D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-01-12 AT AT01911348T patent/ATE278478T1/de active
  • 2001-01-12 PL PL355385A patent/PL204083B1/pl unknown
  • 2001-01-12 US US10/182,078 patent/US6696655B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2001-01-12 CA CA002398152A patent/CA2398152C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-01-12 JP JP2001554803A patent/JP2003520678A/ja active Pending
  • 2001-01-12 CN CNB018041469A patent/CN1208140C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-01-12 EP EP01911348A patent/EP1253981B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2002
  • 2002-07-09 ZA ZA200205504A patent/ZA200205504B/en unknown
  • 2002-07-19 NO NO20023458A patent/NO20023458L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

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