EP1300200B1 - Procédé et dispositif d' indentification et de séparation des particules plastiques - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d' indentification et de séparation des particules plastiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1300200B1
EP1300200B1 EP02022206.3A EP02022206A EP1300200B1 EP 1300200 B1 EP1300200 B1 EP 1300200B1 EP 02022206 A EP02022206 A EP 02022206A EP 1300200 B1 EP1300200 B1 EP 1300200B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
material particles
plastics material
inclined plane
nozzle
spectrometers
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP02022206.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1300200A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen BOHLEBER
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B07C5/3422—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour using video scanning devices, e.g. TV-cameras
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
    • B07C5/3427—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain by changing or intensifying the optical properties prior to scanning, e.g. by inducing fluorescence under UV or x-radiation, subjecting the material to a chemical reaction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the separation of materials according to part 1 of claim 1.
  • it relates to the separation of plastics of various types such.
  • plastics of various types such.
  • polyethylene terephthalate in blends with polyolefins, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, etc., as well as for the sorting of colored with different colors plastics under colorless plastics and for the elimination of metals and other substances such.
  • aluminum, wood, paper, etc. in process streams that are designed for the recycling of valuable materials.
  • the process is an example of the recycling process of plastics, which originate from beverage bottles and have already been filled at least once with mineral water or soft drinks or misappropriated with pollutants explained.
  • it is equally suitable for the separation of various constituents of other free-flowing multicomponent mixtures.
  • plastic parts eg. B. beverage bottles or other food packaging, crushed into small pieces with the edge lengths of 5 to 12 mm, subjected to a continuous cleaning process and then tested with a camera systems on colors. All colored plastic parts are blown out of the plastic stream via air nozzles in a subsequent sorter and to lower quality plastics further processed.
  • a sorting out of PVC plastic parts takes place in addition, by making use of the fact that, due to heating, a blackening of this type of plastic occurs which is recognized by the color sorter.
  • the basic principle of sorters according to the prior art is that the material to be sorted when passing parabolic orbits in the air in the case of bad detection of perpendicular to the trajectory nozzle jet pulses have been deflected so that they land in a separate collection container for low-grade plastics. Because of the statistically strongly fluctuating shape and fluctuating weight of the plastic pieces, however, the respective trajectory of the plastic pieces deviates in part greatly from the parabolic shape, which is why the sorting nozzles must be mounted to avoid collisions with the plastic pieces at a great distance from the ideal trajectory.
  • the WO 9606690A also refers to pure glass separation of broken glass fragments.
  • a pure color detection is carried out and then corresponding ejection stations are operated, which operate on a vibrating rail arrangement. From conveyor belts 3a and 3b, the waste glass parts are guided through a subsequent measuring and control arrangement, which is sorted and then in the ejection device ejects pneumatically.
  • US Pat. No. 6,060,677A is able to quickly and roughly detect a wide variety of materials by means of diffusely reflected IR spectra or other electromagnetic radiation spectra. For this purpose, the particles are guided on an inclined plane over a slot where there is a separate IR source at each detection point.
  • the IR sources emit from optical fibers and transmit through the conveyed material, whereby the thus influenced IR radiation is directed to the detector. Downstream of the detection points air nozzles can then be activated, which can eject objects.
  • the plant can also roughly sort plastics, a finer distinction is impossible due to the inaccuracy of the IR spectroscopy. Sorting of the waste particles can be done via the strength of air streams from nozzles.
  • US 4848590 A describes the sorting of metal parts by an inclined plane or grid, which has a lateral boundary and is not suitable for plastics.
  • WO 0100333 A explains gutters in a vibrating table, which causes the products to fall down in parallel rows - but there is no exact plastic separation.
  • US 4549659 A describes the charging of free-flying particles by corona discharge for a rotationally symmetric distribution.
  • US 5917585 A deals with the distinction of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) from other plastics, such as polyolefins and especially the similar polyethylene terephthalate (PET), by fluorescence measurements at certain wavelengths without spectrometer. Others, this accompanying plastics, such as PVC; Polyolefins, polyamides, etc. can not be determined or separated therefrom.
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method with the features of claim 9.
  • Advantageous developments emerge from the dependent claims.
  • the material particles are irradiated by radiation sources having a different emission spectrum and the resulting optical transmission / reflection beam is detected by at least one suitable spectrometer.
  • the spectrometers are eg fluorescence spectrometers, IR spectrometers, UV / VIS spectrometers.
  • a further light source is used for irradiating the plastic particles and in particular for the efficient improvement of the recognition of colors and for the detection of non-fluorescent and / or non-transparent substances, such as Wood or metal particles, serves.
  • the separation unit comprises a plurality of channel-shaped channels, in which, for example, in the low point of the cross-sectional profile, nozzles, in particular clocked nozzles for sorting out characteristic material particles are integrated into at least two material fractions.
  • a plurality of nozzles in each channel groove may be accommodated on a surface which is not larger than the area of the smallest material particle to be sorted.
  • the channel channels Preferably, in the region of the nozzle, the channel channels have a depression in order to guide the particles to the nozzle.
  • the inclined plane has channel troughs, wherein in each Channel gutter, preferably several nozzles are housed on a surface which is not larger than the area of the smallest material particle to be sorted.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated system for carrying out the method has a conveyor unit 4 for the material particles 14, an inclined plane 13 with supersonic nozzles 15, lighting devices 6, 7 for fluorescence, a separation unit for high-quality and low-grade material, an optical spectrometer 10 with beam scanner, evaluation and valve control is , as in FIG. 1 shown in a reservoir 1 to be analyzed optically analyzed and then separated into different fractions 2 and 3 to be separated particulate material 14 with a conveyor system 4 on the inclined plane 5, on which it slides down by gravity.
  • plastic material particles When illuminated with the light sources 6 and 7 with a high UV component, most of the plastic material particles emit fluorescent light 8, which is detected by a known scanner system 9 transversely to the transport direction over the entire width of the inclined plane and directed onto an optical spectrometer 10.
  • a likewise known per se analysis system 11 calculated from the spectra both the type of the respective plastic, as well as the color, as well as any contamination of the plastic particles, eg by gasoline, diesel, engine oil, paint thinner, urine, pesticides, etc. If pure, ie for Food packaging suitable plastic material, such as polyethylene, it travels by gravity in the channel 2 and is supplied to the plastic recycling for beverage bottles or other food packaging.
  • the so classified material particles are deflected by supersonic jet into the channel 3 and used in the context of a recycling for the production of minor plastics.
  • the channel grooves on a recess as seen from Fig. 4a seen.
  • the channels of the inclined plane end immediately after the nozzles 21 and the trajectories of the material particles 14 end, supported by a separating plate directly in the collecting containers.
  • all nozzles 15 are supplied with compressed air via a common transverse pipe 18 and are pulsed on and off under the control of the analysis unit.
  • the particle material 14 reaching the inclined plane 13 from the vibratory linear conveyor 12 is sorted by gravity through the supersonic nozzle 15 into the recycling channel 16 for inferior plastics or, alternatively, into the recycling channel 17 for food grade plastics.
  • a plurality of identical nozzles 15 are not shown in their entirety in the figures, arranged at a distance from the dimensions of the material components 14. All nozzles 15, 25 are supplied with oil-free, dry compressed air via the transverse channel 18.
  • the respective nozzle 15 is connected via a branch line 19 and the quick-acting valve 20 to the transverse channel 18.
  • the opening and closing function of the respective quick-acting valve 20 takes place according to control by the analysis unit 11 Fig.
  • An essential part of the invention is based on the use of high-speed, in particular supersonic nozzles 15.
  • the latter is due to the fact that for economic reasons, a minimum mass flow of material particles 14 must be supported by the arrangement. such that the particle velocity on the inclined plane 13 reaches values requiring a maximum velocity of a supersonic jet 21 to prevent. that too many high-quality material particles 14 are passed undesirably into the inferior fraction before or after the blow-out process of the particle to be sorted out.
  • the inclined plane 13 off Fig.2 exists according to Fig. 4a / b of numerous channel-shaped tracks 30, which are concave in cross section 31 and ensure a precise guidance of the material particles 14 relative to the nozzle openings 15.
  • each nozzle unit is according to Fig. 4a / b provided with a plurality of nozzle openings 15. This ensures that the critical expansion ratio required for supersonic speed is achieved in any case and that a mechanical force impulse evenly distributed over the material particle surface results.
  • the lighting of the material ponds 14 takes place here for excitation with light from both sides Fig. 2 by means of two light sources 36 and 37.
  • the latter are provided with a translucent disc 23 made of quartz glass, which has a smaller angle of inclination relative to the channel in order to ensure a trouble-free transition between Ridge and glass to reach.
  • the respectively on the spectrometer with analysis system 11 according to Fig.1 The fluorescent light beam is incident through the rays 22 in the Figures 2 and 3 shown. To optimize the color detection is in the embodiment of the Fig.
  • a light source 41 which transilluminates the material particles, with a downstream color spectrometer, for example, the existing of milky polyolefins or aluminum caps of beverage bottles are identified.
  • a downstream color spectrometer for example, the existing of milky polyolefins or aluminum caps of beverage bottles are identified.
  • contaminants such as wood and metal foils can be identified and removed.
  • the passage of light through the channel 30 through a UV radiation-reflecting filter 38 which directs the radiation of the light source for exciting fluorescent light on the underside of the plastic parts, in combination with an optical high-pass filter 40, which light a halogen light source 41 above a Wavelength of about 480 nm for spectral analysis passes allows.
  • the filter 38 is protected by a protective plate 42 against wear, in particular mechanical.
  • the particle separation is carried out together with the jet stream process and that the particles to be sorted out according to Fig. 4c an electric charge is sprayed on a metal tip 44 via a high-voltage corona discharge 43 and these electrostatically charged material particles are subsequently deflected by an electric field 45 during the free fall and thus high-grade 46 and low-grade plastics 47 are separated into the fractions.

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  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé d'identification et de séparation de particules de matière plastique avec au moins deux sources lumineuses (6, 7) pour la production d'une lumière fluorescente (8) et pour l'irradiation des particules de matière plastique, les au moins deux sources lumineuses présentant des spectres d'émission différents,
    un système de reconnaissance optique comprenant au moins un spectromètre optique (10), vers lequel la lumière fluorescente (8) émise par les particules de matière plastique est guidée, ainsi qu'au moins un autre spectromètre qui mesure la lumière transmise et/ou réfléchie par les particules de matière plastique,
    un système d'analyse (11) pour l'analyse de spectres, le système d'analyse (11) calculant, par analyse spectrale au moyen de la lumière (8) absorbée par les spectromètres (10), le type de matière plastique, la couleur et les impuretés des particules de matière plastique,
    une unité de séparation avec un plan incliné pour le convoyage et la séparation des particules de matière plastique,
    les particules de matière plastique étant classifiées, pendant leur trajet sur le plan incliné (13), en fonction des signaux des au moins deux spectromètres optiques (10), par le système de reconnaissance optique et étant séparées, en fonction de leur classification, en au moins deux fractions de matériaux, le plan incliné comprenant des goulottes, au moins une buse étant disposée dans chaque goulotte, la surface de la buse de la goulotte et la surface de la particule de matière plastique à trier la plus petite étant adaptées l'une à l'autre de façon à ce que la surface de la buse ne soit pas supérieure à la surface de la particule de matière plastique à trier la plus petite.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de séparation pulvérise dans les particules de matière plastique à trier (14), par l'intermédiaire d'une décharge à effet corona (43) au niveau d'une pointe métallique (44), sur le flux de matériau, dans chaque canal, une charge électrique et les particules de matière plastique (14) ainsi chargées de manière sélective étant ensuite déviées pendant une chute libre par un champ électrique (45) et ainsi séparées.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que les particules de matière plastique sont soulevées du canal par un faible jet de buse puis sont aspirées par un capot soumis à une pression négative.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les canaux du plan incliné (13) sont obturés dans la portion entre la distribution du matériau et le dispositif de séparation sur le côté supérieur et à l'intérieur des canaux un flux de gaz est généré qui favorise l'accélération des particules (14) pendant le glissement vers le bas et les maintient à une vitesse constante dans le reste du trajet.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les canaux du plan incliné (13) débouchent directement après les buses (15, 25) et les trajectoires des particules (14), favorisées par une tôle de séparation, se terminent directement dans les récipients de collecte.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que toutes les buses (15) sont alimentées en air comprimé par l'intermédiaire d'un tube transversal commun (18) et les buses (15) sont activées et désactivées par impulsions par l'unité d'analyse.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un spectromètre est sélectionné parmi des spectromètres à fluorescences, des spectromètres IR et des spectromètres UV/VIS.
  8. Dispositif d'identification et de séparation de particules de matière plastique pour l'exécution d'un procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 7, comprenant
    au moins deux sources lumineuses (6, 7) pour la production d'une lumière fluorescente (8) et pour l'irradiation des particules de matière plastique, les au moins deux sources lumineuses présentant des spectres d'émission différents,
    un système de reconnaissance optique comprenant au moins un spectromètre optique (10), vers lequel la lumière fluorescente (8) émise par les particules de matière plastique est guidée, ainsi qu'au moins un autre spectromètre qui mesure la lumière transmise et/ou réfléchie par les particules de matière plastique,
    un système d'analyse (11) pour l'analyse de spectres, le système d'analyse (11) calculant, par analyse spectrale au moyen de la lumière (8) absorbée par les spectromètres (10), le type de matière plastique, la couleur et les impuretés des particules de matière plastique,
    une unité de séparation avec un plan incliné pour le convoyage et la séparation des particules de matière plastique,
    les particules de matière plastique étant classifiées, pendant leur trajet sur le plan incliné (13), en fonction des signaux des au moins deux spectromètres optiques (10), par le système de reconnaissance optique et étant séparées, en fonction de leur classification, en au moins deux fractions de matériaux, le plan incliné comprenant des goulottes, au moins une buse étant disposée dans chaque goulotte, la surface de la buse de la goulotte et la surface de la particule de matière plastique à trier la plus petite étant adaptées l'une à l'autre de façon à ce que la surface de la buse ne soit pas supérieure à la surface de la particule de matière plastique à trier la plus petite.
EP02022206.3A 2001-10-02 2002-10-01 Procédé et dispositif d' indentification et de séparation des particules plastiques Expired - Lifetime EP1300200B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10149505 2001-10-02
DE10149505A DE10149505A1 (de) 2001-10-02 2001-10-02 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Selektierung von Kunststoffen und anderen Materialien bezüglich Farbe und Zusammensetzung

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EP1300200B1 true EP1300200B1 (fr) 2017-09-27

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NO322775B1 (no) 2004-09-24 2006-12-11 Tomra Systems Asa Anordning og fremgangsmate for detektering av et medium
ES2323618B1 (es) * 2007-03-05 2010-04-27 Picvisa Machine Vision Systems S.L. Maquina con vision artificial para la separacion automatica de plasticos reciclables por composicion y por colores, con vision multiespectral.
DE102010048101A1 (de) 2010-01-25 2011-07-28 Krieg, Gunther, Prof. Dr.-Ing., 76227 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Detektion und Aussortierung optisch inaktiver Substanzen
CH702891B1 (de) * 2010-03-25 2013-07-15 Qualysense Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Sortieren von landwirtschaftlichen Partikeln.
CN107107122B (zh) * 2014-06-23 2019-07-23 Tsi公司 利用libs光谱的快速材料分析
DE102014111871B3 (de) * 2014-08-20 2015-12-31 Unisensor Sensorsysteme Gmbh Sortieranlage und Verfahren zur Trennung von Materialfraktionen
CN104299315B (zh) * 2014-10-29 2016-09-28 云南大学 一种垃圾分类回收方法
US10316173B2 (en) 2016-02-01 2019-06-11 Sensors Unlimited, Inc. Systems and methods for marking plastics
DE102016214496A1 (de) * 2016-08-04 2018-02-08 Gunther Krieg Vorrichtung zur Identifikation von Stoffen
US10478861B2 (en) * 2016-11-28 2019-11-19 Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products Gmbh System for analyzing and sorting material
SE1751115A1 (en) * 2017-09-14 2019-03-15 Bomill Ab Object conveying and/or sorting system
DE102019215878B4 (de) * 2019-10-15 2023-11-30 Adidas Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren und/oder Abmessen der Menge von Schaumstoffpartikeln
DE102019127708A1 (de) * 2019-10-15 2021-04-15 Kurtz Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren und/oder Abmessen der Menge von Schaumstoffpartikeln

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US4549659A (en) * 1982-08-04 1985-10-29 Cra Exploration Pty. Ltd. Particle sorting apparatus utilizing controllable corona discharge needle
EP0476416A2 (fr) * 1990-09-14 1992-03-25 Bayer Ag Méthode pour masquer des matières plastiques
WO1992016312A1 (fr) * 1991-03-14 1992-10-01 Wellman, Inc. Methode et appareil pour trier les articles en matire plastique
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US5917585A (en) * 1997-09-22 1999-06-29 Roe; Mitchell Gregg Method for distinguishing pen from other materials
JP2001009384A (ja) * 1999-07-01 2001-01-16 Etaanaru:Kk 粒状物の色彩選別装置

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EP1300200A1 (fr) 2003-04-09

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