EP1252449B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steuerung eines hubzylinders, insbesondere von arbeitsmaschinen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steuerung eines hubzylinders, insbesondere von arbeitsmaschinen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1252449B1 EP1252449B1 EP01902390A EP01902390A EP1252449B1 EP 1252449 B1 EP1252449 B1 EP 1252449B1 EP 01902390 A EP01902390 A EP 01902390A EP 01902390 A EP01902390 A EP 01902390A EP 1252449 B1 EP1252449 B1 EP 1252449B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- pressure
- channel
- suction
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
- F15B11/024—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
- F15B13/021—Valves for interconnecting the fluid chambers of an actuator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
- F15B11/024—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits
- F15B2011/0243—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits the regenerative circuit being activated or deactivated automatically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
- F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
- F15B2211/30505—Non-return valves, i.e. check valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
- F15B2211/30525—Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/35—Directional control combined with flow control
- F15B2211/353—Flow control by regulating means in return line, i.e. meter-out control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
- F15B2211/76—Control of force or torque of the output member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
- F15B2211/775—Combined control, e.g. control of speed and force for providing a high speed approach stroke with low force followed by a low speed working stroke with high force, e.g. for a hydraulic press
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
- F15B2211/88—Control measures for saving energy
Definitions
- the invention is directed to a method and a device for controlling a lifting cylinder of claim 1 or 2 specified genus.
- a device is z. From EP-A-262 098, EP-A-629 781 or US-A-4 434 708.
- Hydraulic lifting cylinders of working machines can, if they are under load, lowered without additional energy where it is common, both on the piston side, i.e. in the impression cylinder, as well as on the rod side, i.e. in the suction cylinder space, make an oil filling.
- the object of the invention is a procedure or to create a device under the setting of the Spool under all pressure conditions during the lowering process sufficiently filling the suction space of the cylinder, wherein automatically switching to normal operation of the cylinder is made as soon as an additional cylinder force in the lowering direction is needed.
- the above object is achieved by solved that in the control acted upon by the hydraulic pump Distribution channel with two via a control piston Switchable and disconnectable output channels with connecting cables to the impression cylinder space or suction cylinder space is provided of the lifting cylinder, wherein between the one Outlet channel and the distribution channel a check valve, in the distribution channel a check valve influencing the pump flow, between the one Ausganskanal and pressure cylinder space a pressure sensor and an activatable switch for actuating a Hydraulic valve provided for actuating the check valve is.
- check valve is an integral unit with forms a secondary pressure limiting valve.
- the invention also allows the use of two pumps, it is then appropriate, at least one controlled in the system Lock and a controlled check valve provided.
- the device generally designated 1 in the figures for controlling the movement of a lifting cylinder designated 2 is partly symbolic and otherwise in the figures drawn in section and consists essentially of a control element 3 with a control piston which can be displaced therein 4, over the different channels that continue will be described in more detail below, opened, closed or can be connected to each other.
- control 3 is in the example of FIG. 1 is a cross-sectionally about U-shaped representing distribution channel 5 is provided, which is approximately symmetrical from a pumping channel. 6 is acted upon, to which a hydraulic oil pump 7 is connected is. To shut off the inflow via the pumping channel 6 to the distribution channel 5 is approximately centrally a check valve 8 is provided, which via a switching valve by means of a Pump inlet line 10 with the pump 7 is connectable.
- the cylinder 2 has a designated suction chamber 11 and with 12 designated pressure chamber defined by one of external load (arrow P), on, via lines with one after the aforementioned pressure definition in the same Way defined pressure channel 13 and a suction channel 14 in Control 3 are connected, wherein the pressure channel 13 and the suction channel 14 parallel to the two partial arms of the pump distribution channel 5 arranged and all these channels over the control piston 4 or fold away.
- Check valve within a secondary backup 16 may be at sufficiently high pressure in the channel 13 hydraulic fluid from there into the distribution channel 5 flow what is described in more detail below.
- the device 1, i.e. the control element 3, in the axis of the control piston 4th at one end to a control terminal 17, on at Pressure application of the control piston 4 against a spring 18th can be moved, which is within a spring cap 19th is housed.
- the pressure in the pressure cylinder chamber 12, or in the thereof to Pressure channel 13 leading line, is via a pressure sensor 20 measurable.
- a switch 22 Via a line 21 from the spring cap 19 is a switch 22 can be activated, which in turn is connected to the pressure sensor 20, the valve 9 switches.
- two more parallel Tank channels 23 and 24 are provided, on the one of a respective Secondary backup 16 are applied and the other the supply lines to the tank designated 25, to ensure an overflow depending on the switching process.
- the Pump 7 can be controlled to zero-promotion or by appropriate Switching means are directed to other consumers.
- the distribution channel 5 is depressurized and the Shut-off valve 8 also closes automatically in this case.
- the pressure in the cylinder chamber 12 are in the range of zero.
- the pressure sensor 20 detects this condition and relieves the check valve 8 from the pump pressure and thus provides for the lowering process the normal operation ago.
- the switch 22 interrupts the signal from the pressure sensor 20 to the valve 9, the check valve 8 is depressurized and can open.
- the switch 22 is controlled by the control signal for the "lift” (Fig. 1b) connected, here as an example via the line 21 is removed from the spring cap 19.
- the river of Hydraulic oil when lifting is also dotted in Fig. 1b indicated.
- a check valve 29 are provided in a second embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 2 in which when switching the lowering process for the Cylinder 2, the pump flow to the channel 5 is interrupted.
- FIG. 1 A third embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG.
- two pumps 7a and 7b in the spool initiated, the pump 7a only for lowering when switched off regenerative circuit and pump 7a and 7b are provided for lifting.
- This is the pump pressure the pumps 7a connected via the valve 9 to the valve 8a.
- the pump 7a is lowering switched off by other consumers or depressurized, so that provided for this circuit, the check valve is.
- Fig. 4 is an advantageous arrangement of the check valve 15 is shown.
- Valve blocks for working machines have secondary hedges 16.
- An advantageous and economically more economical design is when the Check valve 15 in the housing of secondary fuses 16 is arranged so that the check valve 15 the Channel 13 connects to the distribution channel 5.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
- Servomotors (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10004905 | 2000-02-04 | ||
DE10004905A DE10004905C2 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Hubzylinders insbesondere von Arbeitsmaschinen |
PCT/EP2001/001121 WO2001057405A1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2001-02-02 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steuerung eines hubzylinders insbesondere von arbeitsmaschinen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1252449A1 EP1252449A1 (de) | 2002-10-30 |
EP1252449B1 true EP1252449B1 (de) | 2004-08-25 |
Family
ID=7629801
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01902390A Expired - Lifetime EP1252449B1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2001-02-02 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steuerung eines hubzylinders, insbesondere von arbeitsmaschinen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6701823B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1252449B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4652655B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20020080338A (ja) |
DE (2) | DE10004905C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001057405A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19939796C1 (de) | 1999-08-21 | 2000-11-23 | Orenstein & Koppel Ag | Verfahren und Arbeitsmaschine zur Herstellung von Bodenflächen |
US6745564B2 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2004-06-08 | Volvo Construction Equipment Holding Sweden Ab | Hydraulic variable control apparatus for heavy construction equipment |
KR100518767B1 (ko) * | 2003-05-28 | 2005-10-06 | 볼보 컨스트럭션 이키프먼트 홀딩 스웨덴 에이비 | 건설중장비용 액츄에이터 유량 가변제어장치 |
DE102006061305B3 (de) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-07-10 | Hydac Filtertechnik Gmbh | Ansteuereinrichtung für hydraulische Verbraucher |
DE102007020558A1 (de) * | 2007-05-02 | 2008-11-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ventilanordnung |
JP5283862B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-05 | 2013-09-04 | 三陽機器株式会社 | 油圧制御装置 |
EP2573282B1 (en) * | 2010-05-17 | 2015-09-09 | Volvo Construction Equipment AB | Hydraulic pressure-regulating valve for construction equipment |
US9273664B2 (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2016-03-01 | Parker Hannifin Corporation | Hydraulic control valve for a one-sided operating differential cylinder having five control edges |
JP2014173616A (ja) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-22 | Caterpillar Sarl | 作業機械の圧損低減回路 |
CN103352886B (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-12-23 | 山河智能装备股份有限公司 | 能量回收利用液压控制阀 |
KR101542889B1 (ko) | 2014-04-29 | 2015-08-10 | 정진호 | 굴착기 집게장치 유압실린더의 유압분배용 연결구 |
US9410633B2 (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-08-09 | Industrias Marrucci Ltda. | Remotely-actuated dual-pressure relief valve |
CN104358728B (zh) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-04 | 浙江大学 | 将溢流功能集成于先导阀芯的二级负载控制阀 |
JP6284469B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-03 | 2018-02-28 | 株式会社クボタ | 油圧回路 |
CN105840570B (zh) * | 2015-01-16 | 2018-05-29 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司 | 一种负载敏感多路阀首联和多路阀 |
CN104863909B (zh) * | 2015-04-18 | 2016-03-02 | 浙江大学 | 带有容积、压力和泄漏检测功能的弹簧增压闭式液压油箱 |
CN105065355B (zh) * | 2015-07-23 | 2017-08-04 | 蚌埠液力机械有限公司 | 一种应用于二级顺序伸缩油缸上的机械开启式单向阀 |
CN105508338B (zh) * | 2016-01-26 | 2018-01-23 | 圣邦集团有限公司 | 一种适用于双泵合流起重机用多路阀 |
CN107917117A (zh) * | 2016-10-11 | 2018-04-17 | 张利 | 一种机液伺服缸 |
EP3545199A1 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2019-10-02 | Parker Hannifin Corporation | Hydraulic valve with switching regeneration circuit |
US11459220B2 (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2022-10-04 | Danfoss Power Solution II Technology A/S | Hydraulic system with load sense and methods thereof |
CN108644418B (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏南京白马现代农业高新技术产业园有限公司 | 一种用于农机的液压控制装置 |
CN108626196B (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏南京白马现代农业高新技术产业园有限公司 | 一种用于双液压缸顺序动作的液压阀装置 |
CN108644417B (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏南京白马现代农业高新技术产业园有限公司 | 一种用于双缸控制的阀门 |
CN108626189B (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏南京白马现代农业高新技术产业园有限公司 | 一种控制阀门 |
CN108591159B (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2020-08-11 | 上海江浪科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于翻转犁的自动控制阀 |
CN108591155B (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏南京白马现代农业高新技术产业园有限公司 | 一种多路换向阀 |
CN108679022B (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2020-07-03 | 宁波真格液压科技有限公司 | 一种双缸控制系统 |
CN108626195B (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2020-05-22 | 上海双高阀门(集团)有限公司 | 一种控制阀门 |
CN108644173B (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏悦达专用车有限公司 | 一种液压阀 |
CN108757625B (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2020-07-03 | 宁波真格液压科技有限公司 | 一种控制阀 |
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DE1406784A1 (de) | 1963-08-02 | 1969-04-17 | Crede & Co Gmbh Geb | Hubstapler mit hydraulischem Hubwerk |
US4434708A (en) * | 1982-03-05 | 1984-03-06 | General Signal Corporation | Control valve for double-acting piston and valve assemblies |
IT1195178B (it) * | 1986-09-24 | 1988-10-12 | Chs Vickers Spa | Sistema di recupero di portata per circuiti idraulici con pompe e di stributori compensati in pressione per organi di lavoro di macchine movimento terra |
JPH0660644B2 (ja) * | 1988-09-20 | 1994-08-10 | 油谷重工株式会社 | 油圧ショベルの油圧回路 |
JPH0254902U (ja) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-04-20 | ||
JPH0738404Y2 (ja) * | 1988-10-31 | 1995-09-06 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 作業機アタッチメントの作動油流量再生回路 |
JPH0716943Y2 (ja) * | 1989-01-27 | 1995-04-19 | 東芝機械株式会社 | 方向制御弁 |
JP2839625B2 (ja) * | 1990-03-05 | 1998-12-16 | 日立建機株式会社 | 油圧駆動装置 |
US5062349A (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1991-11-05 | Baroid Technology, Inc. | Fluid economizer control valve system for blowout preventers |
JPH0441559U (ja) * | 1990-08-01 | 1992-04-08 | ||
JP3139769B2 (ja) | 1992-12-04 | 2001-03-05 | 日立建機株式会社 | 油圧再生装置 |
JP3388799B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-11 | 2003-03-24 | 株式会社ナブコ | アーム用再生機能を有する切換弁 |
JP3534320B2 (ja) * | 1994-02-24 | 2004-06-07 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 再生機能を有する操作弁 |
JP3403548B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-14 | 2003-05-06 | 日立建機株式会社 | 建設機械の制御回路 |
KR100305742B1 (ko) * | 1996-05-25 | 2001-11-30 | 토니헬샴 | 중장비의재생장치 |
JPH10227304A (ja) * | 1997-02-17 | 1998-08-25 | Komatsu Ltd | メータアウト流量制御弁 |
US6581639B2 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2003-06-24 | Case Corporation | Low leak boom control check valve |
-
2000
- 2000-02-04 DE DE10004905A patent/DE10004905C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-02-02 WO PCT/EP2001/001121 patent/WO2001057405A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-02 US US10/182,688 patent/US6701823B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-02 EP EP01902390A patent/EP1252449B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-02 DE DE50103395T patent/DE50103395D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-02 JP JP2001556018A patent/JP4652655B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-02 KR KR1020027006536A patent/KR20020080338A/ko active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1252449A1 (de) | 2002-10-30 |
DE10004905C2 (de) | 2002-10-24 |
KR20020080338A (ko) | 2002-10-23 |
JP4652655B2 (ja) | 2011-03-16 |
WO2001057405A1 (de) | 2001-08-09 |
DE50103395D1 (de) | 2004-09-30 |
US6701823B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 |
US20030000373A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
JP2003521652A (ja) | 2003-07-15 |
DE10004905A1 (de) | 2001-08-16 |
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