EP1249512B1 - Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung zur pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung von Teilen - Google Patents
Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung zur pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung von Teilen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1249512B1 EP1249512B1 EP02450076A EP02450076A EP1249512B1 EP 1249512 B1 EP1249512 B1 EP 1249512B1 EP 02450076 A EP02450076 A EP 02450076A EP 02450076 A EP02450076 A EP 02450076A EP 1249512 B1 EP1249512 B1 EP 1249512B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- cold work
- tool
- work steel
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
- C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/36—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0896—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid particle transport, separation: process and apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2241/00—Treatments in a special environment
- C21D2241/01—Treatments in a special environment under pressure
- C21D2241/02—Hot isostatic pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cold work steel alloy for powder metallurgy production of parts, in particular tools, with high toughness and hardness and resistance to wear and fatigue.
- Tools and tool parts are usually claimed multilayered, which requires the same property profile of the same.
- a creation of a particularly good suitability for a type of stress of the material is, however, naturally associated with a deterioration in the resistance of the same against other loads, so that for a high quality of service of a tool often several property characteristics should be at a high level, in other words, the performance characteristics of a tool
- High performance tool steel components consistently have a hard phase portion of carbides and a matrix phase portion receiving them, which phases, particularly with respect to their proportions in the material, depend on the chemical composition of the alloy.
- PM Powder metallurgical
- production of materials essentially involves gas atomization or dicing of molten steel into fine droplets solidified to metal powder at a high rate of solidification, introduction and compression of the metal powder into a capsule Capping the capsule and heating and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) the powder in the capsule to a dense homogeneous material.
- HIP hot isostatic pressing
- Such PM material made can be used directly, as as-HIPed, for the manufacture of parts or tools or prior to hot working, e.g. by forging and / or rolling.
- Highly stressed tools or parts e.g. Knives, punches and dies and the like require the same load resistance to abrasive wear, high toughness and fatigue resistance of the material.
- Fatigue resistance which is essentially a failure to crack under very high swelling or alternating mechanical stress on the material, is again promoted by high matrix hardness and low crack initiation of carbide grains and non-metallic inclusions
- the quality of use of parts or tools represents a compromise between wear resistance, toughness and fatigue resistance of the material in the thermally tempered state.
- experts have long tried to increase the overall steel property profile.
- the present invention is now the goal of the requirements To increase the mechanical characteristics in the thermally tempered state, namely the bending strength, the impact bending work and the wear resistance of the tool steel material quality assured at the same time.
- the carbides should be essentially monocarbides with regard to wear resistance, distributed homogeneously in the matrix and be present with a diameter of less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably less than 4 ⁇ m.
- Vanadium and niobium are the strongest carbide formers and, for alloying reasons, are to be provided together in a concentration range of 7.05 to 9.0% by weight V and 0.25 to 2.45% by weight Nb.
- VNb advantageous mixed carbides
- a formation of monocarbides and that of advantageous (VNb) mixed carbides is achieved, on the other hand is in these content ranges, founded by V and Nb, such a carbon affinity in the material, that the other carbide-forming elements chromium, tungsten and molybdenum in the inventive Concentrations with the residual carbon are available for solid solution strengthening and increase the matrix hardness.
- the Pulverkomierenverander shall be procedurally adjusted such that at least 60% of the powder grains have a particle size of less than 100 microns (microns) in powder metallurgy production or in powder production.
- a high solidification rate of the melt droplets associated with small metal powder particles has been found to provide a uniform distribution of fine monocarbides and a supersaturated base in the powder grain, in terms of carbon content.
- the carbide morphology is controlled in terms of minimum defect size and the matrix composition in the direction of maximizing the secondary hardness potential, assuming the composition of the invention of the material. In this case, the importance of because again the intended niobium concentration of the regulated grain growth due to be mentioned.
- a high-purity alloy is atomized by means of nitrogen with a purity of at least 99.999% nitrogen and a physisorption of oxygen at the powder surface is avoided until it is enclosed in a capsule, whereby the hipped material has an oxygen content of less than 100 ppm and a content and a configuration of non-metallic inclusions corresponding to a K0 value of at most 3 according to DIN 50 602 testing.
- Table 1 shows the chemical composition of a cold work steel alloy according to the present invention (Leg. A) and those of the comparative alloys (B to J).
- Table 2 shows the test results for transverse rupture strength, the impact bending work and the wear resistance of the alloy A according to the invention and of the comparative alloys B to J.
- the pre-load F r was 200 N
- the pre-load speed was 2 mm / min
- the test speed was 5 mm / min.
- the investigations of the impact bending work of the respective steel alloys were carried out.
- the device for determining the wear resistance in a schematic representation can be removed.
- the flexural strength of the alloy A according to the invention is compared with that of the comparative alloys (B to J) (Tab. 2), shown in a bar graph in FIG. 4, the alloys E, F, H and I each have uniformly high values. wherein the alloy I has the highest bending strength.
- the alloy I has the highest value.
- the measurement data of the alloy A according to the invention and the alloy F have slightly lower values for this mechanical property.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200230445T SI1249512T1 (sl) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-04-04 | Jeklena legura za delo v hladnem za dele, izvedene na osnovi praskaste metalurgije |
AT02450076T ATE340877T1 (de) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-04-04 | Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung von teilen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT5872001 | 2001-04-11 | ||
AT0058701A AT410448B (de) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-04-11 | Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung von teilen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1249512A1 EP1249512A1 (de) | 2002-10-16 |
EP1249512B1 true EP1249512B1 (de) | 2006-09-27 |
Family
ID=3677079
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02450076A Expired - Lifetime EP1249512B1 (de) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-04-04 | Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung zur pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung von Teilen |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6773482B2 (ru) |
EP (1) | EP1249512B1 (ru) |
KR (1) | KR100476505B1 (ru) |
CN (1) | CN1164787C (ru) |
AR (1) | AR034306A1 (ru) |
AT (1) | AT410448B (ru) |
BR (1) | BR0202148B1 (ru) |
CA (1) | CA2381508C (ru) |
DE (1) | DE50208230D1 (ru) |
DK (1) | DK1249512T3 (ru) |
ES (1) | ES2272662T3 (ru) |
HK (1) | HK1051879A1 (ru) |
RU (1) | RU2221069C1 (ru) |
TW (1) | TW589388B (ru) |
UA (1) | UA76704C2 (ru) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9993858B2 (en) | 2011-09-19 | 2018-06-12 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Roll for hot rolling |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT411534B (de) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-02-25 | Boehler Edelstahl | Kaltarbeitsstahl mit hohem verschleisswiderstand |
US20060231167A1 (en) * | 2005-04-18 | 2006-10-19 | Hillstrom Marshall D | Durable, wear-resistant punches and dies |
DE102005020081A1 (de) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-09 | Köppern Entwicklungs-GmbH | Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellter, verschleißbeständiger Werkstoff |
US7288157B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2007-10-30 | Crucible Materials Corp. | Corrosion and wear resistant alloy |
CN100413988C (zh) * | 2005-10-27 | 2008-08-27 | 广东省韶关钢铁集团有限公司 | 一种锤式破碎机用锤头 |
FR2893954B1 (fr) * | 2005-11-29 | 2008-02-29 | Aubert & Duval Soc Par Actions | Acier pour outillage a chaud, et piece realisee en cet acier et son procede de fabrication |
EP2224031B1 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2013-04-03 | MEC Holding GmbH | Wear resistant alloy |
AT508591B1 (de) * | 2009-03-12 | 2011-04-15 | Boehler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co Kg | Kaltarbeitsstahl-gegenstand |
CN102660714B (zh) * | 2012-06-05 | 2013-12-18 | 河南理工大学 | 一种高碳高钒耐磨钢 |
CN103157796B (zh) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-11-05 | 湖南环宇粉末冶金有限公司 | 一种粉末冶金工具钢的成型方法 |
CN103600062B (zh) * | 2013-10-10 | 2016-01-13 | 铜陵新创流体科技有限公司 | 一种粉末冶金合金复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN103589960A (zh) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-19 | 虞伟财 | 一种电锯锯条用工具钢 |
EP2933345A1 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-21 | Uddeholms AB | Cold work tool steel |
WO2016170397A1 (fr) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-10-27 | Aperam | Acier, produit réalisé en cet acier, et son procédé de fabrication |
CN104874802B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-10-10 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 粉末冶金耐磨损耐腐蚀合金棒材 |
CN104878298B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-05-03 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 粉末冶金耐磨损耐腐蚀合金 |
CN104889400B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-10-10 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 粉末冶金耐磨耐蚀合金管材 |
CN104878306B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-05-03 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | 喷射成形耐磨工具钢 |
CN104894482B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-05-03 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | 喷射成形工具钢 |
CN104894483B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2018-07-31 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 粉末冶金耐磨工具钢 |
CN104878304B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-05-03 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | 喷射成形耐磨耐蚀工具钢 |
CN104878305B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-10-10 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 耐磨损耐腐蚀合金钢 |
CN105384008A (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-03-09 | 常熟市复林造纸机械有限公司 | 一种卷纸机用高硬度滚筒 |
RU2650942C1 (ru) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-04-18 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Сталь |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE344968C (sv) * | 1970-08-28 | 1976-02-02 | Hoeganaes Ab | Pulvermaterial for framstellning av hoglegerat stal med god anlopningsbestendighet och varmhardhet |
SE457356C (sv) * | 1986-12-30 | 1990-01-15 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Verktygsstaal avsett foer kallbearbetning |
SE456650C (sv) * | 1987-03-19 | 1989-10-16 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Pulvermetallurgiskt framstaellt kallarbetsstaal |
AT393387B (de) * | 1989-10-23 | 1991-10-10 | Boehler Gmbh | Kaltarbeitsstahl mit hoher druckfestigkeit und verwendung dieses stahles |
EP0598814B1 (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1997-04-02 | Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag | High-speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy |
JP2746059B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-08 | 1998-04-28 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 熱間圧延用ロール |
FR2722211B1 (fr) * | 1994-07-06 | 1996-08-30 | Thyssen Aciers Speciaux Sa | Acier pour outils de mise en forme |
US5679908A (en) * | 1995-11-08 | 1997-10-21 | Crucible Materials Corporation | Corrosion resistant, high vanadium, powder metallurgy tool steel articles with improved metal to metal wear resistance and a method for producing the same |
US5830287A (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 1998-11-03 | Crucible Materials Corporation | Wear resistant, powder metallurgy cold work tool steel articles having high impact toughness and a method for producing the same |
ATE206485T1 (de) * | 1998-01-06 | 2001-10-15 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Die herstellung von einem kaltarbeitswerkzeugstahl |
US5976459A (en) * | 1998-01-06 | 1999-11-02 | Crucible Materials Corporation | Method for compacting high alloy tool steel particles |
SE511700C2 (sv) * | 1998-03-23 | 1999-11-08 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Stålmaterial för kallarbetsverktyg framställt på icke pulvermetallurgiskt sätt samt detta sätt |
AT411580B (de) * | 2001-04-11 | 2004-03-25 | Boehler Edelstahl | Verfahren zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung von gegenständen |
-
2001
- 2001-04-11 AT AT0058701A patent/AT410448B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-04-03 TW TW091106698A patent/TW589388B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-04 DK DK02450076T patent/DK1249512T3/da active
- 2002-04-04 DE DE50208230T patent/DE50208230D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-04 ES ES02450076T patent/ES2272662T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-04 EP EP02450076A patent/EP1249512B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-09 US US10/118,078 patent/US6773482B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-09 AR ARP020101294A patent/AR034306A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-04-10 RU RU2002109385/02A patent/RU2221069C1/ru active
- 2002-04-10 UA UA2002042895A patent/UA76704C2/ru unknown
- 2002-04-11 BR BRPI0202148-0A patent/BR0202148B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-11 CN CNB02105830XA patent/CN1164787C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-11 CA CA002381508A patent/CA2381508C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-11 KR KR10-2002-0019661A patent/KR100476505B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2003
- 2003-04-16 HK HK03102756A patent/HK1051879A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9993858B2 (en) | 2011-09-19 | 2018-06-12 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Roll for hot rolling |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1164787C (zh) | 2004-09-01 |
EP1249512A1 (de) | 2002-10-16 |
CA2381508C (en) | 2006-11-28 |
US6773482B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
HK1051879A1 (en) | 2003-08-22 |
KR100476505B1 (ko) | 2005-03-17 |
TW589388B (en) | 2004-06-01 |
AT410448B (de) | 2003-04-25 |
RU2221069C1 (ru) | 2004-01-10 |
ES2272662T3 (es) | 2007-05-01 |
UA76704C2 (ru) | 2006-09-15 |
CN1382825A (zh) | 2002-12-04 |
BR0202148A (pt) | 2003-06-10 |
US20030068248A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
KR20020080263A (ko) | 2002-10-23 |
DE50208230D1 (de) | 2006-11-09 |
BR0202148B1 (pt) | 2010-11-16 |
ATA5872001A (de) | 2002-09-15 |
AR034306A1 (es) | 2004-02-18 |
DK1249512T3 (da) | 2007-02-05 |
CA2381508A1 (en) | 2002-10-11 |
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