AR034306A1 - Aleacion de acero para trabajo en frio para la fabricacion pulvimetalurgica de piezas y procedimiento para la fabricacion pulvimetalurgica de una pieza o herramienta a partir de dicha aleacion - Google Patents
Aleacion de acero para trabajo en frio para la fabricacion pulvimetalurgica de piezas y procedimiento para la fabricacion pulvimetalurgica de una pieza o herramienta a partir de dicha aleacionInfo
- Publication number
- AR034306A1 AR034306A1 ARP020101294A ARP020101294A AR034306A1 AR 034306 A1 AR034306 A1 AR 034306A1 AR P020101294 A ARP020101294 A AR P020101294A AR P020101294 A ARP020101294 A AR P020101294A AR 034306 A1 AR034306 A1 AR 034306A1
- Authority
- AR
- Argentina
- Prior art keywords
- manufacture
- alloy
- powder
- pulvimetalurgical
- parts
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
- C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/36—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0896—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid particle transport, separation: process and apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2241/00—Treatments in a special environment
- C21D2241/01—Treatments in a special environment under pressure
- C21D2241/02—Hot isostatic pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
La presente se refiere a una aleación de acero para trabajo en frío para la fabricación pulverometalúrgica de piezas, especialmente herramientas con calidad de uso mejorada. Para ajustar las propiedades características más importantes, resistencia a la rotura por flexión, trabajo de flexión por golpes y resistencia al desgaste, de modo que tenga un nivel elevado de la misma magnitud, de acuerdo con la presente está previsto esencialmente utilizar una aleación que contiene: C de 2,05 a 2,65; Cr de 6,10 a 9,80; W de 0,50 a 2,40; Mo de 2,15 a 4,70; V de 7,05 a 9,0; Nb de 0,25 a 2,45; N de 0,04 a 0,22; Si hasta 2,0; Mn hasta 2,0; Co hasta 100; S hasta 0,3; y Ni hasta 1,5; como así también elementos acompanantes hasta 2,6 e impurezas debidas a la fabricación, siendo el resto hierro (Fe), como material para la fabricación pulvimetalúrgica de piezas, que tienen un contenido en oxígeno (O) menor de 100 ppm y un contenido y una configuración de inclusiones no metálicas correspondientes a un valor KO máximo de 3, de acuerdo con el ensayo según DIN 50.602. El procedimiento para la fabricación pulvimetalúrgica de una pieza o herramienta consiste en acondicionar y pulverizar con nitrógeno, con un grado de pureza de 99,999%, la aleación líquida a polvo metálico con una distribución de tamano de grano de modo que al menos el 60% tiene un tamano de partícula <= 100 microm después de los cual se realiza el llenado del polvo en una cápsula y el cierre de la misma, manteniendo la atmósfera de nitrógeno y excluyendo una adsorción de oxígeno en la superficie de los granos, siendo el polvo elaborado en un proceso de moldeo por compresión isostática en caliente seguido de una conformación también en caliente, produciéndose debido a la temperatura el crecimiento de los monocarburos distribuidos homogéneamente hasta un tamano < de 10 microm.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0058701A AT410448B (de) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-04-11 | Kaltarbeitsstahllegierung zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung von teilen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AR034306A1 true AR034306A1 (es) | 2004-02-18 |
Family
ID=3677079
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ARP020101294A AR034306A1 (es) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-04-09 | Aleacion de acero para trabajo en frio para la fabricacion pulvimetalurgica de piezas y procedimiento para la fabricacion pulvimetalurgica de una pieza o herramienta a partir de dicha aleacion |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6773482B2 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP1249512B1 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR100476505B1 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1164787C (es) |
| AR (1) | AR034306A1 (es) |
| AT (1) | AT410448B (es) |
| BR (1) | BR0202148B1 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2381508C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE50208230D1 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK1249512T3 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2272662T3 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2221069C1 (es) |
| TW (1) | TW589388B (es) |
| UA (1) | UA76704C2 (es) |
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT411534B (de) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-02-25 | Boehler Edelstahl | Kaltarbeitsstahl mit hohem verschleisswiderstand |
| SE527417C2 (sv) * | 2004-10-07 | 2006-02-28 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Metod för att kontrollera syrehalten i ett pulver och metod att framställa en kropp av metallpulver |
| US20060231167A1 (en) * | 2005-04-18 | 2006-10-19 | Hillstrom Marshall D | Durable, wear-resistant punches and dies |
| DE102005020081A1 (de) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-09 | Köppern Entwicklungs-GmbH | Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellter, verschleißbeständiger Werkstoff |
| US7288157B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2007-10-30 | Crucible Materials Corp. | Corrosion and wear resistant alloy |
| CN100413988C (zh) * | 2005-10-27 | 2008-08-27 | 广东省韶关钢铁集团有限公司 | 一种锤式破碎机用锤头 |
| RU2340700C2 (ru) * | 2005-11-11 | 2008-12-10 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью Корпорация "Волгамашмаркет" | Сталь |
| FR2893954B1 (fr) * | 2005-11-29 | 2008-02-29 | Aubert & Duval Soc Par Actions | Acier pour outillage a chaud, et piece realisee en cet acier et son procede de fabrication |
| SE0600841L (sv) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-10-14 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Kallarbetsstål |
| PL2224031T3 (pl) * | 2009-02-17 | 2013-08-30 | Mec Holding Gmbh | Stop odporny na zużycie |
| AT508591B1 (de) * | 2009-03-12 | 2011-04-15 | Boehler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co Kg | Kaltarbeitsstahl-gegenstand |
| EP2570508A1 (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-20 | Sandvik Intellectual Property AB | A roll for hot rolling |
| CN102660714B (zh) * | 2012-06-05 | 2013-12-18 | 河南理工大学 | 一种高碳高钒耐磨钢 |
| CN103157796B (zh) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-11-05 | 湖南环宇粉末冶金有限公司 | 一种粉末冶金工具钢的成型方法 |
| CN103600062B (zh) * | 2013-10-10 | 2016-01-13 | 铜陵新创流体科技有限公司 | 一种粉末冶金合金复合材料及其制备方法 |
| CN103589960A (zh) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-19 | 虞伟财 | 一种电锯锯条用工具钢 |
| EP2933345A1 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-21 | Uddeholms AB | Cold work tool steel |
| WO2016170397A1 (fr) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-10-27 | Aperam | Acier, produit réalisé en cet acier, et son procédé de fabrication |
| CN104894482B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-05-03 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | 喷射成形工具钢 |
| CN104878306B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-05-03 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | 喷射成形耐磨工具钢 |
| CN104894483B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2018-07-31 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 粉末冶金耐磨工具钢 |
| CN104878298B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-05-03 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 粉末冶金耐磨损耐腐蚀合金 |
| CN104874802B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-10-10 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 粉末冶金耐磨损耐腐蚀合金棒材 |
| CN104878304B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-05-03 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | 喷射成形耐磨耐蚀工具钢 |
| CN104889400B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-10-10 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 粉末冶金耐磨耐蚀合金管材 |
| CN104878305B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-10-10 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 耐磨损耐腐蚀合金钢 |
| CN105384008A (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-03-09 | 常熟市复林造纸机械有限公司 | 一种卷纸机用高硬度滚筒 |
| RU2650942C1 (ru) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-04-18 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Сталь |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE344968C (sv) * | 1970-08-28 | 1976-02-02 | Hoeganaes Ab | Pulvermaterial for framstellning av hoglegerat stal med god anlopningsbestendighet och varmhardhet |
| SE457356C (sv) * | 1986-12-30 | 1990-01-15 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Verktygsstaal avsett foer kallbearbetning |
| SE456650C (sv) * | 1987-03-19 | 1989-10-16 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Pulvermetallurgiskt framstaellt kallarbetsstaal |
| US4929419A (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1990-05-29 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Heat, corrosion, and wear resistant steel alloy and article |
| RU1663953C (ru) * | 1988-04-18 | 1995-06-09 | Московский институт стали и сплавов | Инструментальная сталь |
| AT393387B (de) * | 1989-10-23 | 1991-10-10 | Boehler Gmbh | Kaltarbeitsstahl mit hoher druckfestigkeit und verwendung dieses stahles |
| EP0598814B1 (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1997-04-02 | Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag | High-speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy |
| JP2746059B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-08 | 1998-04-28 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 熱間圧延用ロール |
| FR2722211B1 (fr) * | 1994-07-06 | 1996-08-30 | Thyssen Aciers Speciaux Sa | Acier pour outils de mise en forme |
| US5679908A (en) * | 1995-11-08 | 1997-10-21 | Crucible Materials Corporation | Corrosion resistant, high vanadium, powder metallurgy tool steel articles with improved metal to metal wear resistance and a method for producing the same |
| US5830287A (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 1998-11-03 | Crucible Materials Corporation | Wear resistant, powder metallurgy cold work tool steel articles having high impact toughness and a method for producing the same |
| US5976459A (en) * | 1998-01-06 | 1999-11-02 | Crucible Materials Corporation | Method for compacting high alloy tool steel particles |
| US6053991A (en) * | 1998-01-06 | 2000-04-25 | Sanyo Special Steel Co., Ltd. | Production of cold working tool steel |
| SE511700C2 (sv) * | 1998-03-23 | 1999-11-08 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Stålmaterial för kallarbetsverktyg framställt på icke pulvermetallurgiskt sätt samt detta sätt |
| RU2137860C1 (ru) * | 1998-04-29 | 1999-09-20 | Костромской государственный технологический университет | Порошковый инструментальный сплав на основе железа |
| AT411580B (de) * | 2001-04-11 | 2004-03-25 | Boehler Edelstahl | Verfahren zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung von gegenständen |
-
2001
- 2001-04-11 AT AT0058701A patent/AT410448B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-04-03 TW TW091106698A patent/TW589388B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-04 ES ES02450076T patent/ES2272662T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-04 EP EP02450076A patent/EP1249512B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-04 DK DK02450076T patent/DK1249512T3/da active
- 2002-04-04 DE DE50208230T patent/DE50208230D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-09 AR ARP020101294A patent/AR034306A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-04-09 US US10/118,078 patent/US6773482B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-10 RU RU2002109385/02A patent/RU2221069C1/ru active
- 2002-04-10 UA UA2002042895A patent/UA76704C2/uk unknown
- 2002-04-11 CA CA002381508A patent/CA2381508C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-11 BR BRPI0202148-0A patent/BR0202148B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-11 CN CNB02105830XA patent/CN1164787C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-11 KR KR10-2002-0019661A patent/KR100476505B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK1249512T3 (da) | 2007-02-05 |
| EP1249512B1 (de) | 2006-09-27 |
| BR0202148A (pt) | 2003-06-10 |
| DE50208230D1 (de) | 2006-11-09 |
| US6773482B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
| KR20020080263A (ko) | 2002-10-23 |
| AT410448B (de) | 2003-04-25 |
| RU2221069C1 (ru) | 2004-01-10 |
| ES2272662T3 (es) | 2007-05-01 |
| TW589388B (en) | 2004-06-01 |
| UA76704C2 (uk) | 2006-09-15 |
| BR0202148B1 (pt) | 2010-11-16 |
| CN1164787C (zh) | 2004-09-01 |
| HK1051879A1 (en) | 2003-08-22 |
| CA2381508C (en) | 2006-11-28 |
| EP1249512A1 (de) | 2002-10-16 |
| US20030068248A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
| CA2381508A1 (en) | 2002-10-11 |
| CN1382825A (zh) | 2002-12-04 |
| ATA5872001A (de) | 2002-09-15 |
| KR100476505B1 (ko) | 2005-03-17 |
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