EP1240424B1 - Hubgesteuertes ventil als kraftstoff-zumesseinrichtung eines einspritzsystems für brennkraftmaschinen - Google Patents
Hubgesteuertes ventil als kraftstoff-zumesseinrichtung eines einspritzsystems für brennkraftmaschinen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1240424B1 EP1240424B1 EP01998729A EP01998729A EP1240424B1 EP 1240424 B1 EP1240424 B1 EP 1240424B1 EP 01998729 A EP01998729 A EP 01998729A EP 01998729 A EP01998729 A EP 01998729A EP 1240424 B1 EP1240424 B1 EP 1240424B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- stroke
- fuel
- control edge
- recess
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
- F02M63/0045—Three-way valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
- F02M59/205—Quantity of fuel admitted to pumping elements being metered by an auxiliary metering device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
- F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
- F02M59/366—Valves being actuated electrically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
- F02M59/46—Valves
- F02M59/466—Electrically operated valves, e.g. using electromagnetic or piezoelectric operating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0003—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
- F02M63/0007—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure using electrically actuated valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
- F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
- F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a stroke-controlled valve according to the preamble of Claim 1, such as shown in WO 9849441 A or WO 9740272 A.
- Modern valve-controlled fuel injection systems are at the valve seat of the fuel metering a very exposed to high thermal loads.
- the injection ends By opening the valve, the injection ends, and the high-pressure fuel is over the open valve seat in the return line.
- the pressure energy of the fuel is largely converted into thermal energy.
- the following strong thermal expansions of the components change the Operating cycles of the moving components to an appropriate extent. simultaneously This changes the leakage behavior and thus the entire one Function of the injection system.
- the operating game can be between reduce the moving components to zero.
- Known high pressure valves of diesel injection systems have in the low pressure range a low-pressure compensation piston behind the valve seat in the direction of downflow, which has the task of pressure surges on the underside of the valve needle to avoid that occur during the switching operations of the valve.
- the low pressure compensating piston forms in known valves of the type in question a permanently unchangeable, throttling ring gap between the valve needle and the valve body, causing the injection system a constant amount of fuel is withdrawn.
- the overflow quantity flowing through the annular gap is passed through into the Control area (low pressure area) of fuel flowing continuously which replaces the high pressure and filling area of the injection system cools.
- the fuel permanently withdrawn via the annular gap flows over the Return back into the fuel tank.
- the object of the present invention is to maintain the cooling effect to improve the total overflow.
- the invention is based on the idea that an increased then and only then Fuel quantity from the cut-off area via the annular gap in question dissipate into the return line when the fuel in the cut-off area is maximum is heated. This is immediately after opening the valve seat and with it associated shutdown of the high-pressure fuel the case. This results in improved cooling of the filling and control area and at the same time increased the efficiency of the entire injection system.
- valve body 10 designates 10 a valve body and 11 a valve needle of a stroke-controlled Valve as a fuel metering device of an injection system for internal combustion engines.
- the valve body 10 is one in a pump body 12 (otherwise injection pump (not shown) integrated.
- the valve needle 11 is multiple Coaxial recess 13 in the valve body 10 has a different diameter arranged movably in the axial direction 14.
- An upper area numbered 15 the recess 13 serves as a guide bore for the valve needle 11.
- a valve cone 16 is formed on the valve needle 11 and has a valve seat 17 cooperates, which in the valve body 10 or in the recess 13 is incorporated.
- Valve cone 16 and valve seat 17 form a stroke-controlled valve for control the high pressure fuel flow to an associated injector (not shown) the fuel injection system.
- the recess 13 is in this Area of valve cone 16 and valve seat 17 expanded to form a pressure chamber 18, the high-pressure fuel supplied via channels 19, 20 becomes.
- the fuel distribution to the injection nozzle (not shown) takes place via a distributor groove 21.
- valve cone 16 is adjoined by a one-piece connection to the valve needle 11, a total of 22 low-pressure compensating pistons, on its (lower) end face 23 by a compression spring 24 axially (in the direction of the arrow 25) is subjected to force.
- the compression spring 24 is supported at the rear from a disc 26 on the bottom 27 of the recess 13.
- a region 28 of the recess 13 formed below the valve seat 17 acts as a low pressure area and is via an annular gap 29 between the Low pressure compensating piston 22 and the recess 13 with a Area of the compression spring 24 extending return 30 hydraulically connected. From the return 30, the fuel passes through channels 31 and 32 in the valve body 10 or in the pump body 12 back into the (not shown) fuel tank.
- valve 16, 17 is actuated at the upper end 33 of the valve needle 11 in the direction of arrow 34, i.e. against the resistance of the compression spring 24.
- actuating member of the valve needle 11 e.g. a pressure magnet use find who is known in structure and function, which is why on a presentation is waived.
- Such a fuel metering device operates as follows. High pressure fuel around the associated injector (not shown) supply, the valve cone 16 must be in contact with the valve seat 17, the valve must therefore be closed. By opening the valve 16, 17th the injection process is ended. The one in the pressure chamber 18 fuel under high pressure now flows over the open valve seat 17 in the low pressure region 28 of the recess 13, whereby it relaxes and largely converts its pressure energy into thermal energy. Part of the heated fuel passes through the annular gap 29 into the return 30 and from there via the channels 31, 32 back into the fuel tank (not shown).
- the quantity of fuel discharged via the annular gap 29 is determined by a corresponding cool temperature fuel quantity replaced, the Low pressure area 28 is supplied via channels 35, 36, which through a Ring channel 37 are hydraulically connected.
- the one in the low pressure region 28 remaining hot fuel is cooled down accordingly, likewise also the components of the Valve.
- a disadvantage of the construction according to FIG. 1 is the fact that the annular gap 29 - regardless of the respective position of the valve needle 11 - always has a constant cross section, thus only works as a constant throttle.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 create here effective remedy.
- the construction is Fig. 1 corresponding components in Figs. 2 and 3 with the same reference numerals as numbered in Fig. 1.
- FIG. 2 of the stroke-controlled Valve is distinguished from the construction according to FIG. 1 by a valve needle stroke controlled cross section 38 and 38a, which by a first control edge 39 on the one piece connected to the valve needle 11 Low pressure compensating piston 22 and by a second control edge 40 is defined on the valve body 10.
- the control edges 39, 40 are accurate to the valve cone 16 or the valve seat 17 positioned so that between the control edges 39, 40 a valve lift 41 dependent throttle cross section results. This becomes clear when you look at the throttle cross sections 38 and 38 a with the valve 16, 17 open (right half of FIG. 2) and with valve 16, 17 (left half of FIG. 2) closed. After that the throttle cross section 38 reaches a maximum when the valve 16, 17 is open, while it is reduced to a minimum 38a when the valve 16, 17 is closed.
- the throttle cross section (38, with the valve 16, 17 open) is initially determined by the axial distance between the two control edges 39 and 40.
- valve 16, 17 When the valve 16, 17 is open, a significantly larger amount can be heated Fuel from the low pressure region 28 over the throttle cross section 38 are discharged into the return 30 than when the valve 16, 17 is closed.
- the low-pressure region 28 with the valve 16, 17 open also a much larger amount of cool fuel than are supplied closed valve 16, 17, whereby the cooling effect with respect to the low pressure area 28 surrounding components according to the respective need is changeable.
- a first control edge 42 is formed on the low-pressure compensation piston 22 and a second control edge 43 on the valve body 10.
- the first control edge 42 faces the valve cone 16, whereas the second control edge 43 faces away from the valve seat 17.
- the throttle cross section (46, in this case with the valve 16, 17 closed ) is initially determined by the axial distance between the two control edges 42, 43.
- valve needle 11 (and thus also the low-pressure compensating piston 22 accordingly) moves into the open position of the valve 16, 17 (see right half in FIG. 3), the control edges 42, 43 overlap.
- the throttle cross section 46 a determines in this case by the circumferential surface of the low-pressure compensating piston 22 - at 47 - and the circumferential surface of the recess 13 in the outflow region 48, thus represents a narrow annular gap.
- discharge a substantially larger amount of heated fuel from the low-pressure region 28 via the throttle cross-section 46 into the return 30 than with the valve 16, 17 open a significantly larger quantity of cool fuel is supplied than when the valve 16, 17 is open.
- valve needle stroke controlled low pressure cross-section enables 38 or 46 (be it according to FIG. 2 or according to FIG. 3) a targeted removal of the hot fuel control quantity from the filling and control chamber (low pressure range 28) in the return 30.
- the valve needle stroke controlled overlap length 38a (FIG. 2) or 46a (FIG. 3) forms due to the resulting annular gap a stroke-controlled throttle between valve needle 11 and valve body 10.
- Both Valve needle stroke controlled cross sections (38th and 46th) can be adjusted to the switching behavior of the valve so that with minimal leakage in the Return 30 the maximum cooling capacity of the filling and control area (low pressure area 28) is achieved.
Abstract
Description
Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- - im vertikalen Längsschnitt und stark vergrößert - ein hubgesteuertes Ventil (nach dem Stand der Technik), also mit einem als Konstantdrossel wirkenden Ringspalt,
- Fig. 2
- - in (Teil-) Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 1 - eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen hubgesteuerten Ventils, und
- Fig. 3
- - eine andere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen hubgesteuerten Ventils, in Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 2.
Claims (6)
- Hubgesteuertes Ventil als Kraftstoff-Zumesseinrichtung eines Einspritzsystems für Brennkraftmaschinen, mit einer gegen Federwiderstand (24) axial betätigbaren Ventilnadel (11), die in einer abgestuften koaxialen Ausnehmung (13) in einem Ventilkörper (10) angeordnet ist und mit einem in der Ausnehmung (13) des Ventilkörpers (10) ausgebildeten Ventilsitz (17) - hierbei den Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorgang steuernd - zusammenwirkt, ferner mit einem mit einer zugeordneten Einspritzdüse verbundenen, vor dem Ventilsitz (17) liegenden Hochdruckbereich (18), einem hinter dem Ventilsitz (17) liegenden Niederdruckbereich (28), der in einen Kraftstoff-Rücklauf (30) ausmündet, und mit einem sich koaxial an das Ventil (16, 17) anschließenden, mit der Ventilnadel (11) fest verbundenen Niederdruck-Ausgleichskolben (22), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Niederdruck-Ausgleichskolben (22) eine erste Steuerkante (39 bzw. 42) ausgebildet ist, die mit einer zweiten Steuerkante (40 bzw. 43) an der Ventilkörperausnehmung (13) im Bereich des Kraftstoff-Rücklaufs (45, 30 bzw. 48, 30) zusammenwirkt, derart, dass zwischen den beiden Steuerkanten (39, 40 bzw. 42, 43) ein vom Hub (41) abhängiger Drosselquerschnitt (38, 38a bzw. 46, 44a) gebildet wird (Fig. 2 bzw. 3).
- Hubgesteuertes Ventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Steuerkanten (39, 40) einander so zugeordnet sind, dass der vom Ventilhub (41) abhängige Drosselquerschnitt bei geschlossenem Ventil (16, 17) seinen Maximalwert (38) und bei geöffnetem Ventil (16, 17) seinen Minimalwert (38a) erreicht (Fig. 2).
- Hubgesteuertes Ventil nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Niederdruck-Ausgleichskolben (22) einen Bund (44) mit vergrößertem Durchmesser besitzt, an dessen vom Ventilsitz (17) abgewandter (Unter-)Seite die erste Steuerkante (39) ausgebildet ist, und dass die Ventilkörper-Ausnehmung (13) eine stufenartige Durchmesserverengung (45) aufweist, an deren dem Ventilsitz (17) zugewandten (oberen) Ende die zweite Steuerkante (40) ausgebildet ist (Fig. 2).
- Hubgesteuertes Ventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Steuerkanten (42, 43) einander so zugeordnet sind, dass der vom Ventilhub (41) abhängige Drosselquerschnitt bei geschlossenem Ventil (16, 17) seinen Minimalwert (46a) und bei geöffnetem Ventil (16, 17) seinen Maximalwert (46) erreicht (Fig. 3).
- Hubgesteuertes Ventil nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Niederdruck-Ausgleichskolben (22) einen Bund (47) mit vergrößertem Durchmesser besitzt, an dessen dem Ventilsitz (17) zugewandter (Ober-)Seite die erste Steuerkante (42) ausgebildet ist, und dass die Ventilkörper-Ausnehmung (13) eine stufenartige Durchmesserverengung (48) aufweist, an deren vom Ventilsitz (17) abgewandten (unteren)Ende die zweite Steuerkante (43) ausgebildet ist (Fig. 3).
- Hubgesteuertes Ventil nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 2 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der vom Ventilhub (41) abhängige Drosselquerschnitt bei einer Endstellung der Ventilnadel (11) durch die Spalthöhe (38 bzw. 46) zwischen den beiden Steuerkanten (39, 40 bzw. 42, 43) und bei der anderen Endstellung der Ventilnadel (11) durch einen Ringspalt (38a bzw. 46a) (Überdeckung der Umfangsfläche von Bund 44 bzw. 47 mit dem Innenumfang des Abströmbereichs 45 bzw. 48) bestimmt ist (Fig. 2 bzw. 3).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10059424A DE10059424A1 (de) | 2000-11-30 | 2000-11-30 | Hubgesteuertes Ventil als Kraftstoff-Zumesseinrichtung eines Einspritzsystems für Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE10059424 | 2000-11-30 | ||
PCT/DE2001/004306 WO2002044548A1 (de) | 2000-11-30 | 2001-11-16 | Hubgesteuertes ventil als kraftstoff-zumesseinrichtung eines einspritzsystems für brennkraftmaschinen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1240424A1 EP1240424A1 (de) | 2002-09-18 |
EP1240424B1 true EP1240424B1 (de) | 2004-10-20 |
Family
ID=7665221
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01998729A Expired - Lifetime EP1240424B1 (de) | 2000-11-30 | 2001-11-16 | Hubgesteuertes ventil als kraftstoff-zumesseinrichtung eines einspritzsystems für brennkraftmaschinen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6802300B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1240424B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4146227B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10059424A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002044548A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6755625B2 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-06-29 | Robert H. Breeden | Inlet throttle valve |
US7270313B1 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2007-09-18 | Paul Counts | Carburetor fuel metering apparatus having an elongate spray nozzle and V-shaped deflector |
US7419142B2 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-09-02 | Counts Paul H | Variable fuel admission carburetor |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2918048A (en) * | 1953-06-03 | 1959-12-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Control valve arrangement for injection pumps |
DE3300876A1 (de) * | 1983-01-13 | 1984-07-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe |
DE3910793C2 (de) * | 1989-04-04 | 1996-05-23 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung |
DE4032279A1 (de) | 1990-10-11 | 1992-04-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
DE4119467C2 (de) * | 1991-06-13 | 1996-10-17 | Daimler Benz Ag | Nach dem Verdrängerprinzip arbeitende Vorrichtung zur Kraft- und Hubübersetzung bzw. -übertragung |
JPH0642372A (ja) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-02-15 | Zexel Corp | 燃料噴射制御装置 |
DE19616084A1 (de) | 1996-04-23 | 1997-10-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung |
DE19717494A1 (de) | 1997-04-25 | 1998-10-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe der Verteilerbauart |
US6045120A (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2000-04-04 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Flow balanced spill control valve |
US6364282B1 (en) | 1998-12-04 | 2002-04-02 | Caterpillar Inc. | Hydraulically actuated fuel injector with seated pin actuator |
US6158419A (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-12-12 | Diesel Technology Company | Control valve assembly for pumps and injectors |
-
2000
- 2000-11-30 DE DE10059424A patent/DE10059424A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-11-16 US US10/182,690 patent/US6802300B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-16 JP JP2002546063A patent/JP4146227B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-16 DE DE50104200T patent/DE50104200D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-16 WO PCT/DE2001/004306 patent/WO2002044548A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-11-16 EP EP01998729A patent/EP1240424B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002044548A1 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
US6802300B2 (en) | 2004-10-12 |
EP1240424A1 (de) | 2002-09-18 |
JP2004514831A (ja) | 2004-05-20 |
DE50104200D1 (de) | 2004-11-25 |
DE10059424A1 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
JP4146227B2 (ja) | 2008-09-10 |
US20030136385A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
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