EP1232514B1 - Lampe a decharge avec barriere dielectrique - Google Patents

Lampe a decharge avec barriere dielectrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1232514B1
EP1232514B1 EP01967060A EP01967060A EP1232514B1 EP 1232514 B1 EP1232514 B1 EP 1232514B1 EP 01967060 A EP01967060 A EP 01967060A EP 01967060 A EP01967060 A EP 01967060A EP 1232514 B1 EP1232514 B1 EP 1232514B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
closure element
discharge tube
discharge
disk
discharge lamp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01967060A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1232514A1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Berlinghof
Rolf Bäuerle
Gerhard DÖLL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Osram GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Osram GmbH filed Critical Osram GmbH
Publication of EP1232514A1 publication Critical patent/EP1232514A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1232514B1 publication Critical patent/EP1232514B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
    • H01J9/26—Sealing together parts of vessels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/361—Seals between parts of vessel
    • H01J61/363—End-disc seals or plug seals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
    • H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
    • H01J65/046—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by using capacitive means around the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
    • H01J9/26—Sealing together parts of vessels
    • H01J9/265—Sealing together parts of vessels specially adapted for gas-discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/266—Sealing together parts of vessels specially adapted for gas-discharge tubes or lamps specially adapted for gas-discharge lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/40—Closing vessels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dielectric barrier discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • dielectric electrodes it is a discharge lamp in which either the electrodes of one polarity or all the electrodes, ie both polarity, are separated from the discharge by means of a dielectric layer (so-called single-sided or double-sided dielectrically impeded discharge). Such electrodes are also referred to below as “dielectric electrodes".
  • the polarity of the electrodes can also change during operation, ie each electrode alternately acts as an anode or cathode. However, it is then advantageous if all the electrodes have a dielectric barrier. For more details, see the font EP 0 733 266 B1 in which a particularly preferred mode of operation for dielectric barrier discharge lamps is described.
  • the dielectric layer mentioned above may be formed by the wall of the discharge vessel itself by arranging the electrodes outside the discharge vessel, for instance on the outer wall.
  • the dielectric layer can also be realized in the form of an at least partial cladding or coating of at least one electrode arranged inside the discharge vessel-also referred to below as an inner electrode for short. This has the advantage that the thickness of the dielectric layer can be optimized for the discharge properties.
  • internal electrodes require gas-tight current feedthroughs. This requires additional manufacturing steps.
  • OA O ffice A utomation
  • signal lighting such as brake and direction indicator lights in automobiles
  • auxiliary lighting eg the interior lighting of automobiles
  • displays eg liquid crystal displays, as so-called "edge type backlights”.
  • these lamps usually do not contain mercury. Rather, these lamps are typically filled with inert gas, preferably xenon, or noble gas mixtures.
  • inert gas preferably xenon, or noble gas mixtures.
  • excimers for example Xe 2 *, which emit molecular band radiation with a maximum at about 172 nm are formed inside the discharge vessel. Depending on the application, this VUV radiation is converted into visible light by means of phosphors.
  • a tubular barrier discharge lamp with at least one strip-shaped inner electrode is disclosed.
  • One end of the tubular discharge vessel of the lamp is gas-tightly sealed with a stopper, which is fused by means of glass solder with a part of the inner wall of the discharge vessel.
  • the strip-shaped inner electrode is guided through the glass solder as power supply to the outside.
  • the disadvantage is that a glass solder layer is required as a gas-tight connection means between plug and vessel wall.
  • the discharge tube of the dielectric barrier discharge lamp is closed gas-tight at least at one of its two ends with the aid of a plate-shaped closure element by the or each of the two closure elements disposed at the respective end within the discharge tube and directly with the inner wall of the over its entire circumference Discharge tube is connected in a gastight manner.
  • this gas-tight connection is done by the inner wall and the edge of the plate-shaped closure element are heated to the respective softening temperature.
  • the term "fusing" is also used, which, however, is generalized to mean that the materials of the two elements to be joined need not necessarily be intimately fused together. It is only essential that a gas-tight connection by heating the two elements to be connected to the respective softening point and then bringing them into contact with each other arises, without additional connecting means.
  • the discharge tube is narrowed in the region of the fusion along the entire circumference such that the constriction surrounds the edge of the plate-shaped closure element in an annular manner.
  • plate-shaped closure element is to generalize to the effect that this closure element only has to be suitable for being inserted into the discharge tube and for closing the end of the tube in the described manner. In the simplest case, this is a circular disk. However, other embodiments are also suitable, provided that they have only a circular circumference, for example a cylindrical plug or the like.
  • the method according to the invention for producing this discharge lamp provides for the provision of the plate-shaped closure element, the diameter of which is selected to be slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the discharge tube.
  • This plate-shaped closure element is inserted at an end of the discharge tube to be closed in such a way that initially an annular gap remains, typically in the range of a few hundred micrometers, for example about 100 microns to 300 microns.
  • the suitable gap width results on the one hand from the requirement that the plate-shaped closure element should be able to be inserted as well as possible into the discharge tube.
  • the gap at the end of the production of the discharge vessel must also be closed gas-tight again. In this respect, it is advantageous if the gap is not excessively wide, otherwise the constriction is correspondingly deep.
  • both the plate-shaped closure element and the end of the discharge tube pre-heat both the plate-shaped closure element and the end of the discharge tube to be closed beforehand. Subsequently, the closure element and the discharge tube in the region of the closure element is heated to the softening temperature. Upon reaching the softening temperature, the discharge tube is finally narrowed so that the entire The edge of the closure element with the discharge tube wall in the region of the constriction connects gas-tight.
  • a radial depth of the narrowing of a few tenths of a millimeter typically in the range of about 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm, particularly preferably between 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm, for example 0.5 mm, has been found to be sufficient.
  • the same type of glass is used for the discharge tube and the plate-shaped closure element. Due to the coefficients of expansion which are consequently likewise the same, the stresses are smaller than when using an additional connecting means as in the prior art. In fact, there is the risk of unavoidable stresses due to the different coefficients of expansion between connecting means, e.g. Glass solder, and the discharge tube, e.g. from soda-lime glass, correspondingly high.
  • connecting means e.g. Glass solder
  • the discharge tube e.g. from soda-lime glass
  • the thermal stresses usually generated during fusion can be reduced by subsequent tempering.
  • the glass fusion and subsequent annealing can be carried out relatively quickly, since the components to be fused can be heated directly, in contrast to the prior art where first the binder expelled from the sintered parts or glass frits must be melted.
  • the glass fusion according to the invention is cheaper because the additional connecting means is eliminated.
  • the side of the plate-shaped closure element facing the interior of the discharge vessel is covered with a reflective layer, eg TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 or an interference layer.
  • a reflective layer eg TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 or an interference layer.
  • the plate-shaped closure element with an opening and a molded-on this opening pump tube.
  • the lamp can be evacuated or filled in the production by means of this pump tube.
  • the pump tube can be dispensed with this opening and the pump tube, namely, if the lamp is made in an evacuable chamber, such as a vacuum oven.
  • a preferred embodiment of the dielectric barrier discharge lamp according to the invention uses the internal electrodes already mentioned in the introduction.
  • at least one electrode is arranged on the inner wall of the discharge tube and guided in the region of the constriction through the connection between the inner wall and closure element through gas-tight to the outside.
  • the discharge tube protrudes slightly beyond the restriction to provide a contact surface for the connector of the internal electrodes.
  • the constriction is exactly in the area of the plate-shaped closure element. More precisely the axial extent of the constriction should be limited essentially to the axial extent of the plate-like closure element along the inner wall of the discharge tube.
  • the axial extent of the constriction should be limited essentially to the axial extent of the plate-like closure element along the inner wall of the discharge tube.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 serve to illustrate the method for producing the dielectric barrier discharge lamp according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a discharge tube 1 made of soda lime glass, which is initially open at a first end 2, but already closed at the other end 3 by means of a blunt fusion 4.
  • FIGS. 2a, 2b show the open end 2 of the discharge tube 1 in a schematic longitudinal section or cross-sectional view along the line AA.
  • the inner wall of the discharge tube 1 is already provided with two diametrically arranged line-shaped inner electrodes 5a, 5b made of silver, which are covered with a dielectric barrier 6a, 6b made of glass.
  • a plate-shaped closure element 7 is already arranged centrally in the open end 2 of the discharge tube 1.
  • the outer diameter of the plate-shaped closure element 7 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter minus the thickness of the two inner electrodes 5a, 5b including their barriers 6a, 6b, so that over the entire circumference a small gap 11 of about 100 .mu.m to 300 .mu.m remains.
  • the closure element 7 has a central bore 8, to which a pumping tube 9 is integrally formed.
  • FIG. 3 shows similar to the FIG. 2a the open end 2 of the discharge tube 1 in a schematic longitudinal section, but after the merger of the edge of the plate-shaped closure member 7 with the opposite part of the inner wall of the discharge tube 1.
  • the actual merger is in FIG. 3 not recognizable, because the longitudinal section along the electrodes 5a, 5b and the barriers 6a, 6b goes.
  • Well recognizable, however, is the around the edge or more precisely the peripheral surface of the plate-shaped closure member 7 around constriction 10. Die Depth of constriction is approx. 0.5 mm.
  • the FIG. 4 shows the suitable for a stress-free fusion temporal temperature course within a furnace (not shown) in the manufacture of the lamp according to the invention.
  • the temperature for about 10 seconds (s) is kept constant.
  • the tempering follows, during which the temperature is cooled approximately exponentially to a temperature of about 370 ° C within a period of about 110 s.
  • this process is also referred to as rolling - begins shortly before reaching the holding temperature of about 640 ° C. and typically lasts about 10 s.
  • the finished lamp 13 represents. Same features as in the previous representations are provided with the same reference numerals. The two internal electrodes and the associated dielectric barriers are not recognizable in this illustration. After filling the discharge tube 1 via the pump tube 9, the latter is melted off to a pump tip 14. Thereafter, the lamp can be capped if necessary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Lampe ( 13 ) à décharge rendue incomplète par voie diélectrique, comprenant une enceinte ( 1, 4, 7 ) de décharge tubulaire fermée et des électrodes ( 5a, 5b ) oblongues, l'enceinte ( 1, 4, 7 ) de décharge étant constituée d'un tube ( 1 ) de décharge fermé à ses deux extrémités, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une extrémité du tube ( 1 ) de décharge est fermée, d'une manière étanche au gaz et sans agent de liaison, à l'aide d'un élément ( 7 ) de fermeture en forme d'assiette par le fait que le ou chaque élément ( 7 ) de fermeture est disposé à l'extrémité ( 2 ) respective à l'intérieur du tube ( 1 ) de décharge et est relié d'une manière étanche au gaz sur tout son pourtour directement à la paroi intérieure du tube ( 1 ) de décharge, le tube ( 1 ) de décharge étant rétréci dans la partie de la liaison le long de tout le pourtour de façon à ce que le rétrécissement ( 10 ) entoure annulairement le bord de l'élément ( 7 ) de fermeture en forme d'assiette.
  2. Lampe à décharge suivant la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'étendue axiale du rétrécissement ( 10 ) est limitée le long de la paroi intérieure du tube de décharge essentiellement à l'étendue axiale de l'élément ( 7 ) en forme d'assiette.
  3. Lampe à décharge suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la profondeur radiale du rétrécissement ( 10 ) est comprise entre environ 0,1 mm et 1 mm, de préférence entre 0,2 mm et 0,8 mm, d'une manière particulièrement préférée entre 0,4 mm et 0,6 mm.
  4. Lampe à décharge suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle au moins une électrode ( 5a, 5b ) est disposée sur la paroi intérieure du tube ( 1 ) de décharge et est guidée vers l'extérieur, d'une manière étanche au gaz, dans la partie du rétrécissement ( 10 ) en passant à travers la liaison comprise entre la paroi intérieure et l'élément ( 7 ) de fermeture.
  5. Lampe à décharge suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'élément ( 7 ) de fermeture en forme d'assiette a une ouverture ( 8 ) sur laquelle est formé un queusot ( 9 ).
  6. Lampe à décharge suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la face de l'élément de fermeture en forme d'assiette, tournée vers l'intérieur de l'enceinte de décharge, est revêtue d'une couche réfléchissante.
  7. Lampe à décharge suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le tube de décharge dépasse de l'élément ( 7 ) de fermeture.
  8. Lampe à décharge suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le tube ( 1 ) de décharge et l'élément ( 7 ) de fermeture en forme d'assiette sont en le même type de verre.
  9. Procédé de fabrication d'une lampe à décharge suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8 comprenant les stades de procédé suivantes :
    • on se procure un élément ( 7 ) de fermeture en forme d'assiette, dont le diamètre est plus petit que le diamètre intérieur du tube ( 1 ) de décharge,
    • on introduit l'élément ( 7 ) de fermeture en forme d'assiette à une extrémité ( 2 ) à fermer du tube ( 1 ) de décharge de façon à laisser subsister un intervalle annulaire,
    • on chauffe l'élément ( 7 ) de fermeture et le tube ( 1 ) de décharge dans la partie de l'élément de fermeture jusqu'à la température de ramollissement,
    • on rétrécit le tube ( 1 ) de décharge de manière à ce que le bord de l'élément ( 7 ) de fermeture soit relié, d'une manière étanche au gaz, à la paroi intérieure du tube ( 1 ) de décharge dans la partie du rétrécissement ( 10 ).
  10. Procédé suivant la revendication 9, dans lequel, en vue du rétrécissement, on repousse, par un rouleau en un matériau à haut point de fusion, la partie ramollie de la paroi sur le bord de l'élément de fermeture.
  11. Procédé suivant la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel on chauffe préalablement, avant l'introduction, l'élément ( 7 ) de fermeture en forme d'assiette et l'extrémité ( 2 ) à fermer du tube ( 1 ) de décharge.
EP01967060A 2000-09-29 2001-08-31 Lampe a decharge avec barriere dielectrique Expired - Lifetime EP1232514B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10048410A DE10048410A1 (de) 2000-09-29 2000-09-29 Dielektrische Barriere-Entladungslampe
DE10048410 2000-09-29
PCT/DE2001/003345 WO2002027747A1 (fr) 2000-09-29 2001-08-31 Lampe a decharge avec barriere dielectrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1232514A1 EP1232514A1 (fr) 2002-08-21
EP1232514B1 true EP1232514B1 (fr) 2009-10-14

Family

ID=7658166

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01967060A Expired - Lifetime EP1232514B1 (fr) 2000-09-29 2001-08-31 Lampe a decharge avec barriere dielectrique

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6605899B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1232514B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004510302A (fr)
KR (1) KR100887780B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1217375C (fr)
CA (1) CA2392842A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10048410A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW516068B (fr)
WO (1) WO2002027747A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10133326A1 (de) 2001-07-10 2003-01-23 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Dielektrische Barrieren-Entladungslampe mit Zündhilfe
DE10140356A1 (de) * 2001-08-17 2003-02-27 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Röhrförmige Entladungslampe mit Zündhilfe
DE10312720A1 (de) * 2003-03-21 2004-09-30 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Dielektrische Barriere-Entladungslampe mit Quetschdichtung
DE10313956A1 (de) * 2003-03-27 2004-10-07 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Koppelelement für längliche Lampen und Beleuchtungssystem mit diesem Koppelelement
DE10327338B4 (de) * 2003-06-16 2009-10-08 Manroland Ag Anschluss für einen Excimer-Strahler
JP4442124B2 (ja) * 2003-06-19 2010-03-31 ウシオ電機株式会社 ショートアーク放電ランプ
JPWO2005071714A1 (ja) * 2004-01-22 2007-09-06 松下電器産業株式会社 外部電極型放電ランプ、外部電極型放電ランプの製造方法及びバックライトユニット
DE102004008747A1 (de) * 2004-02-23 2005-09-08 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Dielektrische Barriere-Entladungslampe
KR20070034461A (ko) * 2004-04-08 2007-03-28 센 엔지니어링 가부시키가이샤 유전체 배리어 방전 엑시머 광원
DE102004020398A1 (de) * 2004-04-23 2005-11-10 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Dielektrische Barriere-Entladungslampe mit Außenelektroden und Beleuchtungssystem mit dieser Lampe
DE102004023460A1 (de) * 2004-05-12 2005-12-08 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Rohrförmige dielektrische Barriere-Entladungslampe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US7495396B2 (en) * 2005-12-14 2009-02-24 General Electric Company Dielectric barrier discharge lamp
JP4710842B2 (ja) 2006-03-31 2011-06-29 ウシオ電機株式会社 希ガス蛍光ランプ点灯装置
DE102006033872A1 (de) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-24 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Dielektrisch behinderte Entladungslampe mit Glaswand
JP4952472B2 (ja) * 2007-09-20 2012-06-13 ウシオ電機株式会社 エキシマランプおよびエキシマランプの製造方法
JP5504095B2 (ja) * 2010-08-10 2014-05-28 株式会社オーク製作所 放電ランプ
CN108831813B (zh) * 2018-06-12 2020-05-19 湖州普罗科技有限公司 一种用于双介质阻挡放电装置的放电管及其加工工艺

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EP0061757B1 (fr) * 1981-03-31 1986-05-14 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Méthode pour sceller par pincement une lampe éléctrique et dispositif de pincement pour la mise en oeuvre de cette méthode
JPS6210836A (ja) 1985-07-05 1987-01-19 Stanley Electric Co Ltd スリムライン型ランプのステム封着方法
US5117160C1 (en) * 1989-06-23 2001-07-31 Nec Corp Rare gas discharge lamp
DE4311197A1 (de) 1993-04-05 1994-10-06 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer inkohärent strahlenden Lichtquelle
US5811925A (en) * 1996-12-04 1998-09-22 Matsushita Electric Works Research And Development Laboratory, Inc. Integrally molded flat compact fluorescent lamp
DE19718395C1 (de) * 1997-04-30 1998-10-29 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Leuchtstofflampe und Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb
DE19817478B4 (de) * 1998-04-20 2004-03-18 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Flache Entladungslampe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE19817476B4 (de) * 1998-04-20 2004-03-25 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Leuchtstofflampe mit Abstandshaltern und lokal verdünnter Leuchtstoffschichtdicke
JPH11339719A (ja) 1998-05-22 1999-12-10 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 平板形蛍光ランプ及びその製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20020085881A (ko) 2002-11-16
CA2392842A1 (fr) 2002-04-04
TW516068B (en) 2003-01-01
CN1217375C (zh) 2005-08-31
US6605899B2 (en) 2003-08-12
EP1232514A1 (fr) 2002-08-21
DE10048410A1 (de) 2002-04-11
US20020163306A1 (en) 2002-11-07
KR100887780B1 (ko) 2009-03-09
WO2002027747A1 (fr) 2002-04-04
DE50115175D1 (de) 2009-11-26
JP2004510302A (ja) 2004-04-02
CN1393026A (zh) 2003-01-22

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