EP1226617A2 - Dispositif a piles a combustibles et procede de fonctionnement correspondant - Google Patents

Dispositif a piles a combustibles et procede de fonctionnement correspondant

Info

Publication number
EP1226617A2
EP1226617A2 EP00978943A EP00978943A EP1226617A2 EP 1226617 A2 EP1226617 A2 EP 1226617A2 EP 00978943 A EP00978943 A EP 00978943A EP 00978943 A EP00978943 A EP 00978943A EP 1226617 A2 EP1226617 A2 EP 1226617A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell stack
cell system
stack
evaporator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00978943A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Baldauf
Joachim Grosse
Günter Luft
Kurt Pantel
Walter Preidel
Manfred Waidhas
Ulrich Gebhardt
Rolf BRÜCK
Jörg-Roman KONIECZNY
Meike Reizig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH, Siemens AG filed Critical Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Publication of EP1226617A2 publication Critical patent/EP1226617A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system and an operating method for such a fuel cell system.
  • the invention is advantageously applied to a direct methanol fuel cell.
  • DMFC direct methanol fuel cell
  • PEM Proton Exchange Membrane or Polymer Electrolyte Membrane
  • a direct methanol fuel cell system which is operated with gaseous fuel.
  • an evaporator is connected upstream of the cell and / or the stack.
  • the system also provides a condenser downstream of the stack, in which the carbon dioxide formed is separated from the anode exhaust gas before it is returned to the evaporator.
  • a disadvantage of the system is that the energy for the evaporator must be supplied externally.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the efficiency of known fuel line systems.
  • the object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
  • An associated operating method is specified in claim 11.
  • Advantageous refinements of the invention result from the dependent claims.
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell stack, process medium supply lines, electrical lines and upstream evaporator, in which at least one line is provided through which the heat from at least part of the stack can be used in at least one other device.
  • the waste heat of at least part of the fuel stack is used in various ways.
  • the invention can be implemented in particular on a direct methanol fuel cell.
  • the fuel is an alcohol, preferably methanol, which is directly in the Brerx.
  • - Substance cell is implemented.
  • the line is not only a pipe, a hose or some other objective connection between two elements of the system, but any other connection, that is to say a thermal contact, can also be so called.
  • the "device” that is heated is primarily an element of the fuel cell system such as the evaporator, the condenser, the preheating for the fuel, the device for preheating the process medium, the gas cleaning system and / or the compressor.
  • the heating of a device or room located outside the system and / or any further use of the first waste heat as well as the use of the second waste heat from the fuel cell stack, namely the waste heat of one of the aforementioned rates, also encompassed by the invention eg the use of waste heat from the evaporator to heat a living space or passenger depending on the application of the fuel cell system in the mobile or stationary area.
  • the above-mentioned elements or devices are all heat exchangers and cool the introduced warm gases and / or liquids.
  • waste heat from a fuel cell stack which in technical terminology is referred to briefly as a stack, is firstly via at least one exhaust gas and / or a heated cooling medium, which e.g. is passed from the stack into the evaporator and secondly via a thermal contact in which, for example, the evaporator is integrated in the stack.
  • the evaporator is arranged with the stack in a housing and / or is integrated in the end plates of the stack.
  • the integration of the evaporator in the stack also means, for example, that the process medium to be heated is carried out between the fuel cell units to cool them.
  • the fuel cell stack is operated at temperatures above 80 ° C. and below 300 ° C., preferably between 100 ° C. and 220 ° C. and in particular at a temperature of approx. 160 ° C.
  • a DMFC system according to the invention can also be referred to as a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HTM fuel cell).
  • the system is preferably operated in such a way that recyclable components of the anode and / or cathode exhaust gas, such as water and / or methanol, are recovered and / or circulated.
  • the system thus comprises a condenser through which the anode exhaust gas is passed.
  • the mixture of methanol and water contained in the anode exhaust gas is condensed out and separated from the carbon dioxide.
  • the gas mixture is passed through the adsorber / catalyst, which e.g. consists of soda lime, zeolites and / or a membrane.
  • the gas cleaning is controlled with the aid of sensors, for example a sensor being attached to each gas outlet, which measures the temperature, composition and / or quantity of the gas released into the environment and passes it on to a control device.
  • sensors for example a sensor being attached to each gas outlet, which measures the temperature, composition and / or quantity of the gas released into the environment and passes it on to a control device.
  • Gas cleaning can e.g. can also be combined with the condenser and / or a device for preheating the process medium to form a catalytically coated heat exchanger into which the exhaust gas containing methanol is introduced.
  • electrical heating is advantageous for the cold start in order to ensure that the working temperature of the catalytic coating is reached quickly.
  • the waste heat from gas cleaning e.g. be made usable via another heat exchanger.
  • the cooling capacity of the evaporator is used to condense the exhaust gas, so that the evaporator and the condenser form an aggregate or a heat exchanger.
  • insulation of at least part of a stack may be preferred over maintaining the operating temperature through part-load operation. This insulation is realized, for example, by means of a double-walled housing, which may be filled with latent heat storage materials.
  • the system is started up with a liquid fuel during a cold start according to one embodiment of the method, the minimum stacking temperature for starting being predetermined by the freezing point of the electrolyte.
  • hydrogen is fed into the stack to start up the DMFC system because starting the stack with hydrogen is possible at much lower temperatures than when using the methanol / water mixture.
  • a corresponding hydrogen store such as a palladium sponge, a pressure vessel and / or a hydride store, is carried along.
  • the hydrogen storage is refilled electrolytically from the water and / or water-methanol tank, for example during operation of the system.
  • the electrolysis is carried out with an extra electrolysis device and / or a stack or part of a stack is used for the electrolysis.
  • the energy required for the electrolysis can be made available directly from a partial stack of the system and / or from an energy store such as a battery or a capacitor.
  • the hydrogen that is still unused after the system has been started can be used to heat a device such as the evaporator or can simply be introduced into the gas cleaning system. ) to t HH in O in o in O in
  • the control unit is generally used to optimize the efficiency and / or to optimally adapt to the power required by the system (for example via the accelerator pedal pressure).
  • a stack voltage-dependent power control driving the system with optimal load utilization
  • water management which e.g. together with a starter cartridge, which eliminates the need to carry a water tank and the optimal use of energy by the control unit.
  • control and construction of the system is carried out in such a way that heating and cooling of the individual components such as evaporators, preheaters, compressors and / or preheating units, on the one hand, which all require heat and stack, condenser, any cooling system and / or water separator, on the other hand, all are cooled , combined with optimal use of energy.
  • Figures 1 and 2 each show the block diagrams of a direct methanol fuel cell system.
  • the reference numbers of both block diagrams are identical for the same elements, lines are named in such a way that the reference number of the upstream element is placed in front of the reference number of the downstream element (e.g. line 1311 is the line in which the fluid flows from element 13 to element 11) ):
  • stack 1 can be seen, which is connected to the evaporator 2 once via the process medium supply line 21 and on the other hand via the process medium discharge line 12.
  • process medium supply line 21 and on the other hand via the process medium discharge line 12.
  • process medium discharge line 12 For reasons of clarity, only one stack 1 of the direct methanol fuel cell system is shown, although one system with several stacks, among other things with low-voltage units for on-board power supply, may be advantageous.
  • a process medium supply line 31 leads from the compressor 3 to the stack 1.
  • the compressor 3, which is regulated in a load-dependent manner via the control unit 6, is preceded by a heat exchanger or condenser 4, which in turn is connected to the stack 1 via the process medium discharge line 14 in such a way that the waste heat from the anode compartment of the stack 1 is used to preheat the oxidant air, because the spent fuel is introduced into the heat exchanger 4 through the line 14 at a temperature of approximately 160 ° C.
  • water and / or unused methanol is separated from the carbon dioxide and other gaseous impurities by condensation.
  • the liquid phase obtained in the heat exchanger 4 is fed into the mixer 5 via the line 45.
  • a sensor in line 48 is advantageous for analyzing the composition.
  • the line 45 has a sensor 46 which supplies information about the amount, pressure, temperature and / or composition of the mixture carried in the line 45 to the control device 6.
  • further sensors are not shown, which are attached in the lines 12 and / or 14 and which provide the control device with information about the quantity, pressure, temperature and / or composition of the mixture carried in the line.
  • the separated gas phase of the anode exhaust gas is introduced via line 411 into the gas cleaning system 11, where it is freed of undesirable emissions before it leaves the system as exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide.
  • the mixer 5 is connected via lines 85 and 95 to the two fuel tanks, the methanol tank 8 and the water tank 9.
  • Lines 85 and 95 each have a metering valve that is controlled by control unit 6. So only a load-dependent passes through the lines 85 and 95 IO ⁇ to to H -> in o in o in O in
  • the fuel lines are shown with a short dash and the oxide lines are shown with a long dash.
  • the cooling circuit in the use of the stack waste heat has been omitted in the two embodiments shown.
  • the cooling circuit if present, is preferably also passed through the evaporator or a device for preheating the process media.
  • a “fuel cell system” is a system that has at least one stack with at least one fuel cell unit, the corresponding process medium supply and discharge channels, electrical lines and end plates, possibly a cooling system with cooling medium and the entire fuel cell stack periphery (reformer, compressor, preheater , Blower, heating for process medium preheating, etc.).
  • a stack is a stack with at least one fuel cell unit with the associated lines and, if available, at least part of the cooling system.
  • An antifreeze that is not electrically conductive can be contained in the cooling system.
  • Other units are either isolated by the insulation methods (So) and / or local heating devices at temperatures above freezing, which may vary depending on the unit concerned (e.g. if a water pipe is affected, the freezing point is different from that of a water / Methanol mixture line) is held.
  • the invention discloses a DMFC system which, at high operating temperatures (HTM fuel cell), optimizes the energy and fuel-related efficiency by utilizing the waste heat from the stack.
  • HTM fuel cell high operating temperatures

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif à piles à combustibles et un procédé de fonctionnement correspondant. Le dispositif fonctionne à des températures comprises entre 80 DEG C et 300 DEG C et permet une optimisation de rendement grâce à la réutilisation de la chaleur dégagée par l'ensemble de piles à combustibles.
EP00978943A 1999-09-23 2000-09-18 Dispositif a piles a combustibles et procede de fonctionnement correspondant Withdrawn EP1226617A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19945715 1999-09-23
DE19945715A DE19945715A1 (de) 1999-09-23 1999-09-23 Direkt-Methanol-Brennstoffzellenanlage und Betriebsverfahren dazu
PCT/DE2000/003238 WO2001022512A2 (fr) 1999-09-23 2000-09-18 Dispositif a piles a combustibles et procede de fonctionnement correspondant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1226617A2 true EP1226617A2 (fr) 2002-07-31

Family

ID=7923103

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00978943A Withdrawn EP1226617A2 (fr) 1999-09-23 2000-09-18 Dispositif a piles a combustibles et procede de fonctionnement correspondant

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20020119352A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1226617A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003520392A (fr)
CN (1) CN1421052A (fr)
CA (1) CA2385632A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19945715A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001022512A2 (fr)

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DE19945715A1 (de) 2001-04-05
JP2003520392A (ja) 2003-07-02
WO2001022512A2 (fr) 2001-03-29
WO2001022512A3 (fr) 2002-04-25
CN1421052A (zh) 2003-05-28
CA2385632A1 (fr) 2001-03-29
US20020119352A1 (en) 2002-08-29

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