WO2011020560A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour produire de l'énergie électrique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour produire de l'énergie électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011020560A1
WO2011020560A1 PCT/EP2010/004755 EP2010004755W WO2011020560A1 WO 2011020560 A1 WO2011020560 A1 WO 2011020560A1 EP 2010004755 W EP2010004755 W EP 2010004755W WO 2011020560 A1 WO2011020560 A1 WO 2011020560A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
fuel
reactor system
fuel source
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/004755
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Jürgen MAASS
Volker Göke
Andreas Opfermann
Otto Machhammer
Sigmar BRÄUNINGER
Laszlo Szarvas
Günther Huber
Dirk Gerhard
Original Assignee
Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2011020560A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011020560A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0643—Gasification of solid fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for generating electrical energy, wherein obtained in a fuel source from a carbon and hydrogen-containing insert in an endothermic process, a product and then anodenseitjg fuel directly or indirectly fed to a fuel cell.
  • the invention relates to a device for carrying out the
  • the vehicles are equipped with reformers, in which hydrogen can be obtained from the energy source in an endothermic process.
  • the energy required for this purpose is removed from the energy carrier, whereby the electrical efficiency of the overall process is considerably reduced.
  • DMFC Direct Methanol Fue Cell
  • a DMFC operating at low temperatures of less than 100 ° C thus directly converts the chemical energy of methanol into electrical energy without the detour via a reformer, but has a comparatively low electrical efficiency.
  • the practical implementation of the DMFC principle is still in progress
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned above and a device for its implementation, which allow to produce the electrical energy with a higher efficiency than is possible in the prior art.
  • the stated object is achieved by the fact that heat arising in the fuel cell is supplied to the fuel source for the purpose of maintaining the endothermic process.
  • Fuel production can be used. For operation of the fuel source therefore less or no external energy must be used, whereby the electrical efficiency of the fuel source and the fuel cell
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention for the thermal coupling of the two units provides for the use of a heat pipe.
  • Heat pipes have been state of the art and known to the person skilled in the art for many years. They contain in a hermetically encapsulated volume a heat transfer medium, which is present partly as a liquid, partly in gaseous form. Energy can be transferred to the liquid heat transfer medium via an evaporator connected to a heat source. The resulting vapor (vapors) flows to a condenser located elsewhere in the heat pipe and connected to a heat sink, where it condenses. During condensation, the energy absorbed via the evaporator is released to a large extent again and transferred to the heat sink. The now again liquid heat transfer medium is then conveyed back to the evaporator by the action of gravity, capillary force or by means of a pump.
  • steam reformers are commonly used as fuel sources in which a carbonaceous feed is converted to a hydrogen product by the addition of water and oxygen by steam reforming.
  • steam reforming starts
  • a liquid phase reformer such as.
  • a HTK reactor is used, in which the use of carbon and hydrogen at temperatures of less than 250 ° C and pressures between 1 and 1000 bar is implemented by liquid phase reforming. This makes it possible to use the waste heat of most - fuel cell types at the same temperature level at which it is obtained. Measures to increase the temperature, such as a vapor recompression, can therefore be dispensed with.
  • a HTK reactor is to be understood as meaning a device for implementing an application by hydrothermal catalysis (HTK), as described in a patent application filed under the reference 102008045484.2 at the German Trademark and Patent Office, and the disclosure of which is fully cited is incorporated in the present patent application.
  • HTK hydrothermal catalysis
  • any substance listed in the abovementioned patent applications can be used as the insert.
  • an insert is selected which comprises at least one member of the group formed of on and off
  • polyhydric alcohols and carbohydrates particularly preferably comprises methanol and / or ethanol and / or glycerol and / or sorbitol and / or xylitol and / or glucose and / or xylose and / or cellulose and / or hemicellulose.
  • Liquid phase reforming may be increased by the fact that the reforming is carried out in the presence of water. It we therefore suggested that the Carbon and hydrogen containing insert is reacted in the presence of water.
  • a fuel source is usually a hydrogen-rich product, which in addition to hydrogen also contains by-products that are undesirable in a fuel cell, and therefore must be separated before the product as fuel in the
  • Fuel cell may be initiated.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention therefore provides that a signal generated in the fuel source product gas is cooled down in a condenser to condense at least a portion of the undesired by-products.
  • the substances separated off from the product produced in the fuel source are flammable, they are expediently conducted into a tank and temporarily stored there.
  • the combustible materials can be removed from the tank and burned, with the heat generated thereby for heating the fuel source and the fuel cell comprising
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for generating electrical energy both by means of stationary and mobile devices. With particular advantage, however, it is used for generating at least part of the energy required for the operation of a vehicle, in particular a passenger car, wherein the reaction system comprising the fuel source and the fuel cell is arranged on board the vehicle.
  • the invention relates to a reactor system for generating electrical energy, comprising a fuel cell and a fuel source connected thereto, in the use of a carbon and containing hydrogen in one
  • a product flow can be generated, which can be supplied on the anode side directly or indirectly as fuel of the fuel cell.
  • the stated object is achieved on the part of the reactor system according to the invention in that the fuel cell and fuel source are thermally coupled, so that resulting in the fuel cell heat of the fuel source for maintaining the running there endothermic process can be fed.
  • a heat pipe is a device with which a heat source and a heat sink can be thermally coupled very effectively. In addition, it also has a comparatively low power to weight, which makes them particularly suitable for use in vehicles.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention therefore provides that the fuel cell and the fuel source are thermally coupled via a heat pipe.
  • the reactor system according to the invention can be any kind of
  • a steam reformer in which from a carbon and hydrogen-containing insert, a product can be generated, which is fed directly or indirectly to a fuel cell as fuel.
  • the fuel source is a liquid phase reformer, and more preferably a reactor designed to carry out a hydrothermal catalysis (HTK reactor).
  • HTK reactor hydrothermal catalysis
  • a product is produced in a fuel source which, in addition to substances which can be used as fuel in a fuel cell, also contains substances which are harmful in the fuel cell and which must be separated from the product before it is passed on.
  • the product is a product gas
  • an embodiment of the reactor system according to the invention provides a condenser in which harmful substance passes through the fuel cell
  • Condensation can be separated from the product gas generated in the fuel source.
  • the reactor system comprises a tank in which substances separated off from the product produced in the fuel source can be intermediately stored. It is expedient if necessary (for example during a cold start of the device) to remove at least some of the temporarily stored substances and to burn them in a burner while generating heat required in the reaction system.
  • the reactor system comprises means for detecting the sensible heat generated in the burner of one or more components of the
  • Reactor system can be fed to heat them.
  • the Burner also be used to burn in the fuel cell resulting, still flammable substances containing exhaust gas.
  • the reactor system comprises an accumulator in which the electrical energy generated in the fuel cell can be temporarily stored.
  • the capacity of the accumulator is chosen so that it can supply the required by the fuel cell electrical line alone in the cold start phase and on the other hand can provide peak power occurring during operation (for example, for acceleration operations of a powered by the reactor system vehicle).
  • the reactor system according to the invention can be erected both stationary and installed on board a vehicle. Preferably, however, it is installed on board a vehicle to provide drive power to the vehicle.
  • Reactor system as it can be used for example to drive a passenger car.
  • a mixture of water and methanol is stored, which is conveyed via line 1 by means of the pump P1 in the HTK reactor H.
  • the methanol is reacted in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of about 180 ° C and a pressure corresponding to the vapor pressure equilibrium in a liquid phase reaction, wherein a product gas is formed, which is withdrawn via line 2.
  • the product gas 2 consists for the most part of hydrogen, but also contains flammable by-products, which are condensed in the heat exchanger E1 at a temperature of about 30 ° C and passed through line 3 for intermediate storage in the condensate tank T2.
  • the purified product gas exits the heat exchanger E1 and is supplied as fuel 4 to the anode A of the fuel cell BZ.
  • Anodenrestgas is withdrawn via line 5 from the fuel cell BZ and in Exhaust gas burner B disposed of, largely pollutant-free exhaust gas 15 is formed.
  • the exhaust gas burner B is used to provide necessary for the operation of heat, via line 6 condensate can be supplied from the condensate tank T2 and burned.
  • condensate can be supplied from the condensate tank T2 and burned.
  • Via line 7 and the fan V of the cathode K of the fuel cell BZ air is supplied.
  • the cathode residual gas is withdrawn via line 8 and forwarded as oxidant to the exhaust gas burner B.
  • liquid water is evaporated in the heat exchanger E2.
  • a partial amount 10 of the resulting vapor 1 1 is condensed again in the heat exchanger E3 and gives off a large part of the energy absorbed in the fuel cell BZ to the HTK reactor H, where it serves to maintain the endothermic reaction taking place there.
  • the remaining, not required in the HTK reactor steam 12 is also condensed in the heat exchanger E4, wherein the heat of condensation is released to the ambient air.
  • the condensate flows 13 and 14 formed in the two heat exchangers E3 and E4 are finally conveyed back to the fuel cell BZ.
  • the characteristic of a fuel cell does not allow the electric power supplied by it to vary widely and rapidly
  • the electric power generated in the fuel cell BZ is temporarily stored in the accumulator A before being supplied to the electric motor M serving to drive the passenger car.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé ainsi qu'un dispositif pour produire de l'énergie électrique, un produit étant obtenu dans une source de combustible à partir d'une charge contenant du carbone et de l'hydrogène par un processus endothermique et étant ensuite fourni directement ou indirectement à une pile à combustible du côté anode comme combustible. La chaleur produite dans la pile à combustible est envoyée à la source de combustible pour maintenir le processus endothermique.
PCT/EP2010/004755 2009-08-18 2010-08-03 Procédé et dispositif pour produire de l'énergie électrique WO2011020560A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009037883.9 2009-08-18
DE102009037883A DE102009037883A1 (de) 2009-08-18 2009-08-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011020560A1 true WO2011020560A1 (fr) 2011-02-24

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PCT/EP2010/004755 WO2011020560A1 (fr) 2009-08-18 2010-08-03 Procédé et dispositif pour produire de l'énergie électrique

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DE (1) DE102009037883A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011020560A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8679668B2 (en) 2010-06-22 2014-03-25 Basf Se Industrial apparatus for the large-scale storage of electric energy
US9095845B2 (en) 2010-10-21 2015-08-04 Basf Se Catalyst support material comprising polyazole salt, electrochemical catalyst, and the preparation of a gas diffusion electrode and a membrane-electrode assembly therefrom
US9162220B2 (en) 2010-10-21 2015-10-20 Basf Se Catalyst support material comprising polyazole, electrochemical catalyst, and the preparation of a gas diffusion electrode and a membrane-electrode assembly therefrom
US9957625B2 (en) 2012-06-11 2018-05-01 Basf Se Electrode unit
WO2021047889A1 (fr) * 2019-09-12 2021-03-18 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Ensemble de conversion d'énergie et procédé pour faire fonctionner un tel ensemble de conversion d'énergie

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0881202A (ja) * 1994-09-13 1996-03-26 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池用メタノール改質器
DE19740657A1 (de) * 1997-09-16 1999-03-18 Irt Innovative Recycling Techn Billigbrennstoffzellensystem mit Methanol als Brennstoff
US20020162332A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2002-11-07 Hazlebeck David A. Hydrothermal conversion and separation
US20030077497A1 (en) * 2001-10-18 2003-04-24 Yiding Cao Waste heat recovery means for fuel cell power system
US20050003247A1 (en) * 2003-07-01 2005-01-06 Ai-Quoc Pham Co-production of hydrogen and electricity using pyrolysis and fuel cells
US20060127719A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2006-06-15 Ultracell Corporation, A California Corporation Heat efficient portable fuel cell systems
US20070214721A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2007-09-20 Wootton John R Methods for Supercritical Water Reformation of Fuels and Generation of Hydrogen Using Supercritical Water
WO2007117702A2 (fr) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-18 Chart Industries, Inc. Procédé supercritique, réacteur et système DE production d'hydrogène
US20080008914A1 (en) * 2006-07-10 2008-01-10 David Edlund Portable fuel cell system

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0881202A (ja) * 1994-09-13 1996-03-26 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池用メタノール改質器
DE19740657A1 (de) * 1997-09-16 1999-03-18 Irt Innovative Recycling Techn Billigbrennstoffzellensystem mit Methanol als Brennstoff
US20020162332A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2002-11-07 Hazlebeck David A. Hydrothermal conversion and separation
US20030077497A1 (en) * 2001-10-18 2003-04-24 Yiding Cao Waste heat recovery means for fuel cell power system
US20070214721A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2007-09-20 Wootton John R Methods for Supercritical Water Reformation of Fuels and Generation of Hydrogen Using Supercritical Water
US20060127719A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2006-06-15 Ultracell Corporation, A California Corporation Heat efficient portable fuel cell systems
US20050003247A1 (en) * 2003-07-01 2005-01-06 Ai-Quoc Pham Co-production of hydrogen and electricity using pyrolysis and fuel cells
WO2007117702A2 (fr) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-18 Chart Industries, Inc. Procédé supercritique, réacteur et système DE production d'hydrogène
US20080008914A1 (en) * 2006-07-10 2008-01-10 David Edlund Portable fuel cell system

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8679668B2 (en) 2010-06-22 2014-03-25 Basf Se Industrial apparatus for the large-scale storage of electric energy
US9095845B2 (en) 2010-10-21 2015-08-04 Basf Se Catalyst support material comprising polyazole salt, electrochemical catalyst, and the preparation of a gas diffusion electrode and a membrane-electrode assembly therefrom
US9162220B2 (en) 2010-10-21 2015-10-20 Basf Se Catalyst support material comprising polyazole, electrochemical catalyst, and the preparation of a gas diffusion electrode and a membrane-electrode assembly therefrom
US9957625B2 (en) 2012-06-11 2018-05-01 Basf Se Electrode unit
WO2021047889A1 (fr) * 2019-09-12 2021-03-18 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Ensemble de conversion d'énergie et procédé pour faire fonctionner un tel ensemble de conversion d'énergie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009037883A1 (de) 2011-02-24

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