EP1205713A1 - Verfahren zur Brennstoffeinspritzung in einem Brenner - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Brennstoffeinspritzung in einem Brenner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1205713A1 EP1205713A1 EP01125598A EP01125598A EP1205713A1 EP 1205713 A1 EP1205713 A1 EP 1205713A1 EP 01125598 A EP01125598 A EP 01125598A EP 01125598 A EP01125598 A EP 01125598A EP 1205713 A1 EP1205713 A1 EP 1205713A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burner
- fuel
- max
- nozzles
- combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2210/00—Noise abatement
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for injecting fuel into a Burners, e.g. into a double-cone burner, as well as a burner for carrying this out Process.
- thermoacoustic For burners that supply liquid or gaseous fuel to a combustion chamber, where the fuel burns on a flame front, so-called thermoacoustic often occur Fluctuations. So also, for example, but not exclusively, for the very successfully used so-called double-cone burner, as described in EP 0 321 809.
- Fluid stability fluctuations are a main reason for the occurrence of such thermoacoustic instabilities. Fluid mechanical instability waves, that arise at the burner lead to the formation of eddies (coherent Structures) that affect combustion and periodic heat release with the associated pressure fluctuations. The fluctuating air column in the burner leads to fluctuations in the mixture break with the associated fluctuations in the heat release.
- thermoacoustic vibrations pose a threat to any type of combustion application They lead to pressure vibrations of high amplitude, to a restriction of the operating area and can increase pollutant emissions. This is particularly true for combustion systems with low acoustic damping. To in terms of pulsations emissions and high power conversion over a wide operating range active combustion combustion control may be necessary.
- Coherent structures play a crucial role in mixing processes between Air and fuel. The dynamics of these structures therefore affect combustion and with it the heat release. By influencing the shear layer between the Fresh gas mixture and the recirculated exhaust gas is a control of the combustion instabilities possible (e.g.
- the flame position and thus the influence can be influenced by fuel staging of flow instabilities as well as time delay effects.
- thermoacoustic vibrations Another mechanism that can lead to thermoacoustic vibrations are Fluctuations in the mixture break between fuel and air.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a method and a burner Implementation of such a method to indicate in which the occurrence of such thermoacoustic vibrations is reduced or even avoided.
- thermoacoustic vibrations are made according to the invention reduced or even avoided entirely by using the fuel over the length of the burner distributed fuel nozzles is injected that the delay time ⁇ between injection of the fuel and its combustion on the flame front for the various fuel nozzles corresponds to a systematically varying distribution over the burner length, which avoids combustion-driven vibrations.
- the fuel is injected in such a way that the time delay distribution over the burner length toward the burner end is designed to decrease essentially linearly from the maximum value ⁇ max by a maximum delay difference ⁇ to a minimum value at the burner end of ⁇ max - ⁇ .
- This simple distribution can be implemented with relatively little effort and has an efficient effect.
- the delay difference ⁇ is preferably set in the range of 10-90% of the maximum value ⁇ max , in particular in the range of more than 50% of the maximum value ⁇ max .
- the burner is one Double cone burner, in which the burner consists of at least two positioned on top of each other hollow partial cone bodies, which have an increasing taper in the direction of flow have, and which partial cone bodies are arranged offset from one another, so that the Combustion air flows into the interior through a gap between the partial cone bodies, is formed.
- the method can be used particularly cheaply.
- the invention further relates to a burner for performing the above method wherein the fuel nozzles are divided into groups, and each having a group of Fuel nozzles is arranged on a line such that all fuel nozzles in a group are responsible for feeding the same area in the flame front.
- the fuel nozzles are preferably distributed such that the Number of lines is greater than the average number of fuel nozzles in a group.
- a double cone burner e.g. can the fuel nozzles on the cone surfaces of the Partial cone bodies can be arranged on lines for an area of the flame front. It appears thereby dividing the total of 32 nozzles of a double-cone burner into 8 groups on 8 lines with 4 nozzles each is advantageous.
- the basic idea of the invention is to disturb the time delay ⁇ between the periodic heat release on the flame front and the pressure fluctuation during the injection, so that the Rayleigh criterion is no longer satisfied, ie heat release and pressure maximum are no longer in phase. This eliminates the driving mechanism for the occurrence of thermoacoustic vibrations.
- the upper gap 7 is between the two conical Burner trays 8 and 9 can be seen.
- the combustion air 23 passes through this gap 7 past the fuel nozzles 6 distributed over the burner length into the interior 22, wherein the fuel is captured by the air 23 flowing past and enclosed.
- the combustion air flow flows to form a Direction of fuel spreading out in the direction of flow along the flow lines 5.
- the fuel / air mixture then enters the combustion chamber 2, where it is on a flame front 3 inflamed.
- the delay time ⁇ is that between the injection passes at the fuel nozzles 6 until ignition on the flame front 3, almost constant for all positions of the fuel nozzles, as shown schematically in Fig. 1b) (The coordinate x extends from the outlet 10 of the burner 1 to the rear one End, i.e. in Figure 1a) from right to left).
- it cannot be systematic Variation of the delay times ⁇ as a function of the fuel nozzle position along the Burner 1 can be observed e.g. shorter delay times for nozzles 6 near the burner outlet 10), but rather a more or less random, around an average little fluctuating distribution as a function of the injection location x.
- the distribution is set such that the delay times ⁇ vary linearly by a delay time difference ⁇ , namely from a minimum ⁇ max - ⁇ to a maximum in the rear burner area of ⁇ max linearly increasing.
- FIG. 3 shows the burner stability as a function of the parameters ⁇ (x-axis) and ⁇ max (y-axis) for a delay time distribution as shown in FIG. 2.
- Three values for the behavior at different flow velocities in the burner are given as individual measured values: for low flow velocities 17, for medium flow velocities 18 and for high flow velocities 19.
- two fundamentally unstable areas hatched here.
- an unstable area 16 of short delay times Almost independent of the choice of ⁇ , the burner is not acoustically stable for such high flow velocities.
- a second, island-like region 13 of unstable behavior is found for low speeds, ie high values of ⁇ max , and for small values of ⁇ .
- Such a distribution can be technically implemented using an exemplary embodiment serving double cone burner as already shown in Fig. 1 via a simple modification of fuel injection into the combustion air stream 23.
- the fuel nozzles 6 are no longer arranged directly at column 7 between the two shells 8 and 9, but are resp. embedded in the conical surfaces of elements 8 and 9, and thereby systematically set the delay times.
- the fuel nozzles 6 can do this be divided into groups, and each time the fuel nozzles of a group arranged on lines 20 that follow the streamlines along the torch contour. Nozzles one Group feed a certain area of the flame front, but with different Delay time ⁇ between the moment of injection and arrival at the flame front 3 it is advantageous to form as many groups as possible in order to spread the time delay to form a uniformly distributed flame.
- the number of 32 nozzles typical of the pressure drop is e.g. divided into 8 groups, whose 4 nozzles (two per cone 8 and 9 respectively) are arranged on 8 lines of the same time delay become suitable to prevent the thermoacoustic vibrations.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1a)
- einen konventionellen Doppelkegelbrenner mit typischer Brennstoffeindüsung;
- Fig. 1b)
- die bei einem Brenner nach Fig. 1a) auftretende schematisierte Verzugszeitverteilung über die Brennerlänge;
- Fig. 2
- eine lineare Verzugszeitverteilung;
- Fig. 3
- eine zweidimensionale Stabilitätsanalyse von Verzugszeitverteilungen;
- Fig. 4a)
- einen Doppelkegelbrenner mit verteilter Brennstoffdüsenanordnung; und
- Fig. 4b)
- mögliche Verzugszeitenverteilungen bei einem Brenner nach Fig. 4a).
- 1
- Doppelkegelbrenner
- 2
- Brennraum
- 3
- Flammfront
- 4
- Wand des Brennraums
- 5
- Stromlinien des Brennstoff/Luft Gemisches
- 6
- Brennstoffdüsen
- 7
- Spalt zwischen den konischen Brennerschalen
- 8
- Innere konische Brennerschale bei 7
- 9
- Äussere konische Brennerschale bei 7
- 10
- Vorderes Ende des Doppelkegelbrenners
- 11
- Konstanter Zeitverzug
- 12
- Zeitverzugsverteilung
- 13
- Unstabiler Bereich hoher Verzugszeiten
- 14
- Stabilisierende Verschiebung nach grossen Verteilungsbreiten
- 15
- Stabilisierende Verschiebung nach kurzen Verzugszeiten
- 16
- Unstabiler Bereich kurzer Verzugszeiten
- 17
- Verhalten bei niedriger Strömungsgeschwindigkeit
- 18
- Verhalten bei mittlerer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit
- 19
- Verhalten bei hoher Strömungsgeschwindigkeit
- 20
- Linien für gleichen Bereich der Flammfront
- 21
- Einstellbarer Zeitverzugsbereich
- 22
- Innenraum
- 23
- Verbrennungsluftstrom
Claims (10)
- Verfahren zur Einspritzung von Brennstoff in einen Brenner (1), welcher Brenner (1) einen von wenigstens einer Schale (8,9) umschlossenen Innenraum (22) umfasst, bei welchem Brennstoff durch Brennstoffdüsen (6) in einen im Innenraum (22) strömenden Verbrennungsluftstrom (23) eingedüst wird, das entstehende Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch innerhalb einer Verzugszeit (τ) zu einer Flammfront (3) in einen Brennraum (2) strömt, und dort entzündet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Brennstoff derart mittels über die Brennerlänge verteilter Brennstoffdüsen (6) eingedüst wird, dass die Verzugszeit (τ) zwischen Eindüsung des Brennstoffs und dessen Verbrennung an der Flammfront (3) für die verschiedenen Brennstoffdüsen einer über die Brennerlänge systematisch variierenden Verteilung (12) entspricht, welche verbrennungsgetriebene Schwingungen vermeidet. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der maximale Zeitverzug (τmax) zwischen Eindüsungsort (6) und Flammfront (3) im Bereich von τmax = 5-50 ms liegt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisches im Innenraum im Bereich von 20-50 m/s der maximale Zeitverzug (τmax) im Bereich von τmax = 5 - 15 ms liegt.
- Verfahren nach einem der obigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennstoff derart eingedüst wird, dass die Zeitverzugsverteilung (12) über die Brennerlänge zum Brennerende (10) hin vom Maximalwert τmax um eine maximale Verzugsdifferenz (Δτ) im wesentlichen linear abnehmend zu einem Minimalwert beim Brennerende (10) von τmax - Δτ gestaltet ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verzugsdifferenz (Δτ) im Bereich von 10-90% des Maximalwerts (τmax), insbesondere im Bereich von mehr als 50 % des Maximalwerts (τmax) liegt.
- Verfahren nach einem der obigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich beim Brenner (1) um einen Doppelkegelbrenner handelt, bei welchem der Brenner (1) aus mindestens zwei aufeinander positionierten hohlen Teilkegelkörpern (8,9), welche in Strömungsrichtung eine zunehmende Kegelneigung aufweisen, und welche Teilkegelkörper (8,9) zueinander versetzt angeordnet sind, so dass die Verbrennungsluft (23) durch einen Spalt (7) zwischen den Teilkegelkörpern (8,9) in den Innenraum (22) strömt, gebildet wird.
- Brenner (1) zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennstoffdüsen (6) in Gruppen aufgeteilt sind, wobei jeweils eine Gruppe von Brennstoffdüsen (6) auf einer Linie (20) derart angeordnet ist, dass alle Düsen (6) der Gruppe einen bestimmten Bereich der Flammfront (3) mit unterschiedlichem Zeitverzug (τ) speisen.
- Brenner (1) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anzahl von Linien (20) grösser ist als die mittlere Anzahl von Brennstoffdüsen (6) einer Gruppe.
- Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8 zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennstoffdüsen auf den Konusoberflächen der Teilkegelkörper (8,9) auf einen bestimmten Bereich der Flammfront speisenden Linien (20) angeordnet sind.
- Brenner (1) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brenner insgesamt 32 Düsen aufweist, welche in 8 Gruppen auf 8 Linien (20) mit je 4 Düsen aufgeteilt sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10055408 | 2000-11-09 | ||
| DE10055408A DE10055408A1 (de) | 2000-11-09 | 2000-11-09 | Verfahren zur Brenstoffeinspritzung in einen Brenner |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1205713A1 true EP1205713A1 (de) | 2002-05-15 |
| EP1205713B1 EP1205713B1 (de) | 2007-07-11 |
Family
ID=7662615
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01125598A Expired - Lifetime EP1205713B1 (de) | 2000-11-09 | 2001-10-26 | Verfahren zur Brennstoffeinspritzung in einem Brenner |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6705857B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1205713B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10055408A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113719861A (zh) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-30 | 中国联合重型燃气轮机技术有限公司 | 燃烧室和具有该燃烧室的燃气轮机 |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10164099A1 (de) * | 2001-12-24 | 2003-07-03 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Brenner mit gestufter Brennstoffeinspritzung |
| US7089746B2 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2006-08-15 | Georgia Tech Reasearch Corporation | Systems and methods for detection of blowout precursors in combustors |
| US7454892B2 (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2008-11-25 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Systems and methods for detection and control of blowout precursors in combustors using acoustical and optical sensing |
| WO2005095863A1 (de) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-13 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Brenner |
| US7303388B2 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2007-12-04 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Staged combustion system with ignition-assisted fuel lances |
| EP1817526B1 (de) * | 2004-11-30 | 2019-03-20 | Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von wasserstoff in einem vormischbrenner |
| EP2423598A1 (de) | 2010-08-25 | 2012-02-29 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verbrennungsvorrichtung |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0592717A1 (de) * | 1992-10-16 | 1994-04-20 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner |
| DE4446945A1 (de) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-04 | Abb Management Ag | Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner |
| DE19809364A1 (de) * | 1997-03-10 | 1998-09-17 | Gen Electric | Dynamisch entkoppelter Brenner mit geringen NO¶x¶-Emissionen |
| EP1001214A1 (de) * | 1998-11-09 | 2000-05-17 | Asea Brown Boveri AG | Verfahren zur Verhinderung von Strömungsinstabilitäten in einem Brenner |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH674561A5 (de) | 1987-12-21 | 1990-06-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
| DE4336096B4 (de) * | 1992-11-13 | 2004-07-08 | Alstom | Vorrichtung zur Reduktion von Schwingungen in Brennkammern |
| DE4304213A1 (de) * | 1993-02-12 | 1994-08-18 | Abb Research Ltd | Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage |
| DE4440558A1 (de) * | 1994-11-12 | 1996-05-15 | Abb Research Ltd | Vormischbrenner |
| DE4441235A1 (de) * | 1994-11-19 | 1996-05-23 | Abb Management Ag | Brennkammer mit Mehrstufenverbrennung |
| DE4441641A1 (de) * | 1994-11-23 | 1996-05-30 | Abb Management Ag | Brennkammer mit Vormischbrennern |
| EP0918152A1 (de) | 1997-11-24 | 1999-05-26 | Abb Research Ltd. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle thermoakustischer Schwingungen in einem Verbrennungssystem |
| EP0985810B1 (de) * | 1998-09-10 | 2003-10-29 | ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd | Verfahren zum Minimieren thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Gasturbinenbrennkammern |
| DE19948674B4 (de) * | 1999-10-08 | 2012-04-12 | Alstom | Verbrennungseinrichtung, insbesondere für den Antrieb von Gasturbinen |
| DE19948673B4 (de) * | 1999-10-08 | 2009-02-26 | Alstom | Verfahren zum Erzeugen von heissen Gasen in einer Verbrennungseinrichtung sowie Verbrennungseinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| US6360776B1 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2002-03-26 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Apparatus for premixing in a gas turbine engine |
| DE10064893A1 (de) | 2000-12-23 | 2002-11-14 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Brenner mit gestufter Brennstoffeindüsung |
-
2000
- 2000-11-09 DE DE10055408A patent/DE10055408A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-10-26 DE DE50112704T patent/DE50112704D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-26 EP EP01125598A patent/EP1205713B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-30 US US09/984,613 patent/US6705857B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0592717A1 (de) * | 1992-10-16 | 1994-04-20 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner |
| DE4446945A1 (de) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-04 | Abb Management Ag | Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner |
| DE19809364A1 (de) * | 1997-03-10 | 1998-09-17 | Gen Electric | Dynamisch entkoppelter Brenner mit geringen NO¶x¶-Emissionen |
| EP1001214A1 (de) * | 1998-11-09 | 2000-05-17 | Asea Brown Boveri AG | Verfahren zur Verhinderung von Strömungsinstabilitäten in einem Brenner |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113719861A (zh) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-30 | 中国联合重型燃气轮机技术有限公司 | 燃烧室和具有该燃烧室的燃气轮机 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10055408A1 (de) | 2002-05-23 |
| DE50112704D1 (de) | 2007-08-23 |
| US20020177093A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
| US6705857B2 (en) | 2004-03-16 |
| EP1205713B1 (de) | 2007-07-11 |
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