EP1169316B9 - Nouveaux derives de l'acide lipoique, leur preparation et les compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant - Google Patents

Nouveaux derives de l'acide lipoique, leur preparation et les compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1169316B9
EP1169316B9 EP00918930A EP00918930A EP1169316B9 EP 1169316 B9 EP1169316 B9 EP 1169316B9 EP 00918930 A EP00918930 A EP 00918930A EP 00918930 A EP00918930 A EP 00918930A EP 1169316 B9 EP1169316 B9 EP 1169316B9
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general formula
radical
amino
carbon atoms
linear
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EP1169316A1 (fr
EP1169316B1 (fr
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Jeremiah Harnett
Michel Auguet
Pierre-Etienne Chabrier De Lassauniere
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Ipsen Pharma SAS
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Societe de Conseils de Recherches et dApplications Scientifiques SCRAS SAS
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    • C07C323/51—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/60—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton with the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxyl groups bound to nitrogen atoms
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    • C07D339/04—Five-membered rings having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 2, e.g. lipoic acid

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is new derivatives of lipoic acid, which have an inhibitory activity on the NO-synthase enzymes producing NO nitrogen monoxide and are agents allowing the regeneration of antioxidants or of trapping entities of the reactive forms.
  • oxygen ROS for "reactive oxygen species”
  • These antioxidants or trapping entities of reactive forms of oxygen can be of natural origin, such as for example vitamin E or glutathione, or of synthetic origin such as certain ROS trapping products or products having both inhibitory activity NO synthases and a ROS trapping activity. Examples of such products of synthetic origin can in particular be found in PCT patent applications WO 96/09653, WO 98/42696 and WO 98/58934.
  • the invention therefore relates in particular to the derivatives corresponding to the general formula (I) defined below, their preparation methods, the pharmaceutical preparations containing them and their use for therapeutic purposes, in particular their use as inhibitors of NO-synthases and agents allowing the regeneration of antioxidants or ROS trapping entities and intervening more generally in the redox status of thiol groups.
  • Gluthathion in Parkinson's disease a link between oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, Ann. Neurol. 32 , S111 -S115, 1992).
  • drugs that can inhibit the formation of nitric oxide or restore the biological functionality of thiol groups or glutathione can provide beneficial effects.
  • the subject of the present invention is new derivatives of lipoic acid, their preparation and their application in therapy.
  • the invention therefore relates to a product of general formula (I) , characterized in that it comprises the products of sub-formulas (I) a and (I) b in which R 1 and R 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
  • A represents one of the radicals - (CH 2 ) m -NR 3 -CO (CH 2 ) n -, - (CH 2 ) m -CO-NR 3 - (CH 2 ) n -, - (CH 2 ) m -NR 3 - (CH 2 ) n -, - (CH 2 ) m -CO-NR 3 - (CH 2 ) p -NR 4 - (CH 2 ) n -, - (CH 2 ) m -NR 3 -CO -NR 4 - (CH 2 ) n - or - (CH 2 ) m -, m and n
  • R 8 and R 9 taken together form with the nitrogen atom a non-aromatic heterocycle of five to six chains, the elements of the chain being chosen from a group composed of -CH 2 -, -NH-, -O - or -S-, or alternatively
  • B represents a radical SR 10 in which R 10 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. and R 7 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; or a salt of a product of general formula (I) .
  • R 5 when R 5 represents a heterocycle of 5 to 6 links, R 5 will be one of the following heterocycles: pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, thiazolidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, N-alkyl-piperazine, thiomorpholine, morpholine , azetidine.
  • the invention further provides a number of methods for accessing the products of general formula (I) described above, methods whose preferred conditions are described below.
  • the invention therefore relates in particular to a process for the preparation of an amidine of general formula (I) as defined above, characterized in that the intermediate of general formula (II) is reacted.
  • a and X are as defined above, with the intermediary of general formula (Ii) in which B is as defined above and L represents a leaving group, for example an alkoxy, alkylthio, sulfonic acid, halide, aryl alcohol or tosyl radical.
  • the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of general formula (I) in which A represents a radical - (CH 2 ) m -CO-NR 3 - (CH 2 ) n - as defined above, characterized in that one reacts the intermediate of general formula (VII) represented below HN (R 3 ) -A'-XY (VII) a R 3 , X and Y being as defined above and A 'representing the radical - (CH 2 ) n -, n being as defined above, with the compound of general formula (I.vi) m being as defined above.
  • the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of general formula (I) in which A represents a radical - (CH 2 ) m -NR 3 -CO-NR 4 - (CH 2 ) n as defined above , characterized in that the intermediate of general formula (VII) b shown below is reacted HN (R 4 ) -A'-XY (VII) b R 4 , X and Y being as defined above and A 'representing the radical - (CR 2 ) n -, n being as defined above, with the compound of general formula (I.vi) m being as defined above, and with diphenylphosphorylazide in the presence of a base such as, for example, triethylamine.
  • A represents a radical - (CH 2 ) m -NR 3 -CO-NR 4 - (CH 2 ) n as defined above , characterized in that the intermediate of general formula (VII) b shown below is reacted H
  • the compounds according to the present invention may contain asymmetric carbon atoms, and therefore have two possible enantiomeric forms, that is, the "R” and “S” configurations.
  • the present invention includes both forms enantiomers and all combinations of these forms, including racemic mixtures "RS".
  • RS racemic mixtures
  • alkyl means a linear or branched alkyl radical containing from 1 to 6 atoms of carbon.
  • alkenyl when no further details are given, is meant a radical linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and having at least unsaturation (double bond).
  • alkylthio, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino and alkenyl radicals is meant the alkylthio, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino and alkenyl radicals respectively whose alkyl radical has the meaning indicated above.
  • linear or branched alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms is meant in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl radicals and tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl.
  • halogen is meant fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms.
  • a subject of the invention is also, as medicaments, the compounds described previously or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. It also concerns pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds or their salts pharmaceutically acceptable, and the use of these compounds or their salts pharmaceutically acceptable to manufacture drugs intended to ensure the dual function of inhibiting NO synthase and regenerating antioxidants.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt means in particular addition salts of inorganic acids such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, iodhydrate, sulfate, phosphate, diphosphate and nitrate or organic acids such as acetate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, succinate, citrate , lactate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, pamoate, oxalate and stearate.
  • the salts formed from bases such as sodium or potassium hydroxide.
  • Another subject of the invention is the use of a product of general formula (I) or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this product for manufacturing a medicament intended for treating pathologies in which nitric oxide and redox status thiol groups are involved, pathologies such as disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system particularly well represented by Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular disorders, proliferative and inflammatory diseases, vomiting, septic shock, pathologies resulting from radioactive irradiation, solar radiation or organ transplants, autoimmune and autosomal diseases, cancers and all pathologies characterized by production or dysfunction involving nitric oxide and involving the redox status of thiol groups.
  • pathologies such as disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system particularly well represented by Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular disorders, proliferative and inflammatory diseases, vomiting, septic shock, pathologies resulting from radioactive irradiation, solar radiation or organ transplants, autoimmune and autosomal diseases, cancers and all pathologies characterized by production or dysfunction
  • Another subject of the invention is the use of a product of general formula (I) or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this product, for manufacturing a medicament intended for treating cerebrovascular disorders such as migraine, cerebral infarctions d ischemic or hemorrhagic origin, ischemia and thrombosis.
  • a subject of the invention is finally the use of a product of general formula (I) or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this product for manufacturing a medicament intended to treat disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system such as neurodegenerative diseases , pain, trauma to the brain or spinal cord, addiction to opioid drugs, alcohol and addictive substances, erectile and reproductive disorders, cognitive disorders, encephalopathies, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, epilepsy, sleep disturbances and eating disorders.
  • disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system such as neurodegenerative diseases , pain, trauma to the brain or spinal cord, addiction to opioid drugs, alcohol and addictive substances, erectile and reproductive disorders, cognitive disorders, encephalopathies, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, epilepsy, sleep disturbances and eating disorders.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions can be in the form of a solid, for example powders, granules, tablets, capsules, liposomes or suppositories.
  • Suitable solid supports can be, for example, phosphate calcium, magnesium stearate, talc, sugars, lactose, dextrin, starch, gelatin, cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, polyvinylpyrrolidine and wax.
  • compositions containing a compound of the invention can also be in liquid form, for example, solutions, emulsions, suspensions or syrups.
  • suitable liquid carriers can be, for example, water, organic solvents such as glycerol or glycols, as well as their mixtures, in varying proportions, in water.
  • a medicament according to the invention can be done topically, oral, parenteral, intramuscular injection, etc.
  • the administration dose envisaged for the medicament according to the invention is included between 0.1 mg to 10 g depending on the type of active compound used.
  • the compounds of general formula (I) can be prepared by the methods below.
  • the compounds of general formula (I) can be prepared from the intermediates of general formula (II) , (III) and (IV) according to scheme 1 where A, B, X and Y, are as defined above and Gp is a carbamate-type protecting group.
  • the aniline and amine derivatives of general formula (II) can be condensed on compounds of general formula (Ii) , in which L represents a leaving group (in particular an alkoxy, alkylthio, sulfonic acid, halide, aryl or tosyl alcohol), to lead to the final compounds of general formula (I) of the substituted amidine type (cf. diagram 1).
  • L represents a leaving group (in particular an alkoxy, alkylthio, sulfonic acid, halide, aryl or tosyl alcohol)
  • B thiophene
  • the derivatives of general formula (II) can be condensed on S-methylthiophene thiocarboxamide iodhydrate, prepared according to a method of the literature (Ann. Chim. (1962), 7 , 303-337 ).
  • the condensation can be carried out by heating in an alcohol (for example in methanol or isopropanol), optionally in the presence of DMF at a
  • B SR 10 , for example S-CH 3
  • these can be prepared by the condensation of the amines or anilines of general formula (II) with the isothiocyanate (Iv) in which Gp represents a protective group such as for example the benzoyl group. It is then deprotected by cleavage of the protective group under suitable conditions and the thiourea formed is finally treated with, for example, a haloalkane to yield the final compounds of general formula (I) .
  • the final compounds of general formula (I) are guanidines. These can be prepared, for example, by the condensation of the amines or anilines of general formula (II) with the derivatives of general formula (I.ii) or (I, iii).
  • the reagents of general formula (I.ii) in which L represents, for example, a pyrazole ring are condensed on the amines of general formula (II) according to the conditions described in the literature ( J. Org. Chem.
  • the final compounds of general formula (I) can be prepared, for example, by the condensation of amines or anilines of general formula (II) with the reagent of formula (I.iv) (N -methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) according to the conditions described in the literature (J. Amer. Chem. Soc. (1947), 69 , 3028-3030).
  • the compounds of general formula (I) b are obtained from the compounds of general formula (I) a where A, X and Y are as defined above.
  • the reaction is carried out, for example, in a suitable solvent such as THF, acetone, ethyl acetate in the presence of a base such as K 2 CO 3 or triethylamine, to yield the intermediates of general formula (I) b .
  • the intermediates of general formula (II) are obtained from the cleavage of a protective group (Gp) or by reduction of a nitro group.
  • the intermediates of general formula (II) in which A and X are as defined above, can be prepared from the intermediates of general formula (III) or (IV) , scheme 1, which are compounds respectively comprising a protected amine or aniline (NHGp) in the form, for example, of a carbamate or a nitro group.
  • a protected amine or aniline NAGp
  • these are conventionally deprotected using TFA or HCl to finally lead to the primary amines and anilines of general formula (II) .
  • the carboxamides of general formula (III) and (IV) , scheme 2, in which A, X, R 3 and m are as defined above, are prepared by condensation of the acids of general formula (I.vi) with the mono-protected amines or anilines of general formula (V) or the nitro derivatives of general formula (VI) in which A 'represents the radical - (CH 2 ) n -.
  • the radical R x in the synthetic diagrams of the present application means, as the case may be, R 3 or R 4 .
  • Carboxamide bonds are formed under conventional conditions of peptide synthesis (M. Bodanszky and A.
  • the compounds of general formula (I) can also be prepared from the intermediates of general formula (VII) , (VIIII) , (IX) and (X) according to scheme 3 in which A, B, X and Y are such that defined above, A 'represents the radical - (CH 2 ) n -, the radical R x signifies, depending on the case, R 3 or R 4 , and Gp is a protective group, for example a protective group of carbamate type.
  • the carboxamides of general formula (I) are prepared by condensation of the acids of general formula (I.vi) with the amines / anilines of general formula (VII) .
  • Carboxamide bonds are formed under conventional conditions of peptide synthesis (M. Bodanszky and A. Bodanszky, The Practice of Peptide Synthesis, 145 (Springer-Verlag, 1984)) in THF, dichloromethane or DMF in the presence of a coupling reagent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) (J. Med. Chem.
  • DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • CDI 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole
  • the ureas of general formula (I) are prepared by condensation of the acids of general formula (I.vi) with the amines / anilines of general formula (VII) in a solvent such as toluene in the presence of diphenylphosphorylazide (DPPA) and a base such as for example triethylamine, preferably for 2 to 3 hours and while heating, preferably at a temperature of 40 at 110 ° C, for example at a temperature of 80 ° C.
  • DPPA diphenylphosphorylazide
  • the compounds of general formula (VII) are obtained from the cleavage of a protective group.
  • the compounds of general formula (VII) in which R x , A ', X and Y are as defined above, can be prepared from the compounds of general formula (VIII) , scheme 3, which are compounds comprising a protected amine (NGp) in the form, for example, of a carbamate.
  • NGp protected amine
  • BOC groups these are conventionally deprotected using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or HCl, to finally lead to the amines of general formula (VII) .
  • the compounds of general formula (VIII) can be prepared from the intermediates of general formula (IX) and (X) according to scheme 3 where B, A ', X, Y and R x are as defined above and Gp is a protective group, for example of the carbamate type.
  • the aniline / amine derivatives of general formula (IX) can be condensed on compounds of general formula (Ii) , (I.ii) , and (I.iii) , in which L represents a leaving group, or the compounds of general formula (I.iv) and (Iv) , as previously described for the compounds of general formula (I) in scheme 1, to finally lead to the compounds of general formula (VIII) , scheme 3.
  • L represents a leaving group
  • R 3 represents the 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzyl radical and Gp represents t-butoxycarbonyl (BOC)
  • these conditions cause the N-debenzylation in situ , to lead directly to the compounds of general formula (VIII) , scheme 6.
  • the compounds of general formula (IX) are obtained from the reduction of a nitro group of the compounds of general formula (X) .
  • the reduction of the nitro function of the compounds of general formula (X) , scheme 3, in which R x , A 'and X are as defined above, is carried out, for example, by heating the product in a suitable solvent such than ethyl acetate with a little ethanol in the presence of SnCl 2 ( J. Heterocyclic Chem. (1987), 24, 927-930; Tetrahedron Letters (1984), 25 (8), 839-842) in presence of SnCl 2 / Zn ( Synthesis. (1996), 9,1076-1078) or else using NaBH 4 -BiCl 3 ( Synth. Com.
  • the final molecules of general formula (I) are obtained after cutting the 2,5-dimethylpyrrole protecting group of the compounds of general formula (II) by heating in the presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, at a temperature varying from 60 ° C to 100 ° C, in a solvent such as for example ethanol according to an experimental protocol described in J Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. (1984), 12 , 2801-2807.
  • the carboxamides of general formula (II) in which m, R 3 , A 'and R 7 are as defined above, can also be prepared, scheme 10, by condensation of the carboxylic acids of general formula (I.vi) with the amines of general formula (II.4) under the conditions previously described.
  • the synthesis of the non-commercial carboxylic acids of general formula (I.vi) is described below.
  • the compounds of general formula (V) are prepared from the nitro-amines or nitro-anilines of general formula (VI.1) .
  • the protection of the amine or aniline function is carried out for example, in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane or dichloromethane or acetonitrile in the presence of Fmoc-Cl ( Tetrahedron Letters. (1989), 30 (11), 1401-1404 ) or (Boc) 2 , or precursors of other protective groups (Gp) known to a person skilled in the art to lead to the compounds of general formula (V.2) (or to the compounds of general formula (X) ).
  • an appropriate solvent such as dioxane or dichloromethane or acetonitrile
  • Fmoc-Cl Tetrahedron Letters. (1989), 30 (11), 1401-1404 ) or (Boc) 2
  • precursors of other protective groups (Gp) known to a person skilled in the art to lead to the compounds of general formula (V.2)
  • the reduction of the nitro function of the intermediates of general formula (V.2) is generally carried out by catalytic hydrogenation, in ethanol, in the presence of Pd / C 10% or by the other methods previously described, to lead to the anilines (V .3) (or to the compounds of general formula (IX) ).
  • the protection of the aniline function of general formula (V.3) is carried out, for example, in the presence of Fmoc-Cl or (Boc) 2 or of precursors of other protective groups (Gp) known to those skilled in the art, it being understood that Gp 1 ⁇ Gp 2 , diagram 2.1.
  • the compounds of general formula (IX) and (X) are prepared, scheme 6.1, by condensation of 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde with an amine / aniline of general formula (VI.1) in a reducing medium.
  • the reaction takes place in an alcoholic solvent such as, for example, methanol, in the presence of a reducing agent such as, for example, NaBH 4 or NaBH 3 CN.
  • a reducing agent such as, for example, NaBH 4 or NaBH 3 CN.
  • the protection of the secondary amine formed is then carried out conventionally with (Boc) 2 in dichloromethane to yield the compounds of general formula (X) .
  • the reduction of the nitro function of the compounds of general formula (X) is carried out by catalytic hydrogenation, in ethanol, in the presence of Pd / C 10% to yield the anilines (IX) .
  • the compounds of general formula (X) , scheme 3.1, in which n, het and W ⁇ are as defined above, are prepared from the halo-nitrobenzonitriles of general formula (X.2) .
  • the reduction of the nitrile function of the intermediates of general formula (X.2) , scheme 3.1, is carried out, for example, in an appropriate solvent such as ether or THF, in the presence of diborane or LAH.
  • halo-nitroanilines / amines (X.3) formed are then protected in the form of Boc (X.4) or other protective groups (Gp) known to those skilled in the art, then the compounds of general formula (X.4 ) are subjected to nucleophilic substitution by a heterocyclic group (het) in a solvent such as DMSO or DMF, in the presence of a base such as K 2 CO 3 , KOH or NaOH, to lead to the intermediaries of general formula (X ) .
  • Boc X.4
  • Gp protective groups
  • the compounds of general formula (X) are prepared from the halo-nitrobenzonitriles of general formula (X.2) .
  • the compounds of general formula (X.2) are subjected to nucleophilic substitution by the appropriate reagent in a solvent such as DMSO or DMF, in the presence of a base such as K 2 CO 3 , KOH or NaOH, to lead to the intermediaries of general formula (X.5) .
  • the free base is then dissolved in 30 ml of dichloromethane and the solution is cooled using an ice bath before the dropwise addition of 6.3 ml of a 1N HCl solution in anhydrous ethyl ether . After 15 hours of stirring at 25 ° C, the crystals obtained are filtered and rinsed with diethyl ether to obtain, after drying, 1.6 g of a light beige solid product with a yield of 77%.
  • the experimental protocol used is the same as that described in procedure 2.B, trisnorlipoic acid [2- (1,2-dithiolan-3-yl) acetic acid] (prepared according to Tetrahedron Letters, (1997), 38 , 33, 5785) replacing the lipoic acid. Solid yellow.
  • reaction mixture After 5 hours at -20 ° C, the reaction mixture is cooled to -45 ° C and 1.68 g (6 mmol) of 1- (3-bromopropyl) -2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1 are added. -aza-2,5-disilacyclopentane and allowed to rise to room temperature overnight. 50 ml of a saturated ammonium chloride solution are added and the whole is stirred for 2 hours at 25 ° C. The organic phase is decanted and washed successively with 40 ml of water and 40 ml of brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the evaporation residue is purified by trituration with ether isopropyl and the solid obtained is filtered and rinsed with isopentane to obtain after drying 2.0 g of a yellow solid product (100% yield). Melting point: 109-110.5 ° C.
  • the inhibitory activity of the products of the invention is determined by measuring their effects on the transformation by NO synthase of [ 3 H] L-arginine into [ 3 H] L-citrulline in accordance with the modified Bredt method and Snyder ( Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (1990) 87 : 682-685). Cerebellum of Sprague-Dawley rats (300g - Charles River) are quickly removed, dissected at 4 ° C and homogenized in a volume of extraction buffer (HEPES 50 mM, EDTA 1 mM, pH 7.4, pepstatin A 10 mg / ml, leupeptin 10 mg / ml).
  • the homogenates are then centrifuged at 21,000 g for 15 min at 4 ° C.
  • the assay is carried out in glass test tubes in which 100 ⁇ l of incubation buffer containing 100 mM of HEPES (pH 7.4), 2 mM of EDTA, 2.5 mM of CaCl 2 , 2 are distributed. mM dithiotreitol, 2 mM reduced NADPH and 10 ⁇ g / ml calmodulin. 25 ⁇ l of a solution containing 100 nM of [ 3 H] L-arginine (specific activity: 56.4 Ci / mmol, Amersham) and 40 ⁇ M of non-radioactive L-arginine are added.
  • the reaction is initiated by adding 50 ⁇ l of homogenate, the final volume being 200 ⁇ l (the 25 ⁇ l missing are either water or the product tested. After 15 min, the reaction is stopped with 2 ml of buffer d 'stop (20 mM HEPES, pH 5.5, 2 mM EDTA) After passage of the samples over a column of 1 ml of DOWEX resin, the radioactivity is quantified by a liquid scintillation spectrometer.
  • the compounds of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 described above have an IC 50 of less than 4.5 ⁇ M.
  • the inhibitory activity of the products of the invention is determined by measuring their capacity to protect the cells of a hippocampal mouse line (HT-22) from oxidative stress caused by glutamate.
  • the biosynthesis of glutathione an essential element in the cellular detoxification of free radicals, requires the active transport of cystine inside the cell. Glutamate by opposing the penetration of cystine causes a reduction in the level of glutathione which leads to cell death by oxidative stress (Davis, JB and Maher, P., Brain Res., (1994) 652 : 169 -173; Murphy, TH et al., Neuron, (1989) 2 : 1547-1558).
  • the cells are cultured at 37 ° C.
  • the compounds of Examples 1, 2, 3, 5 described above have an EC 50 of less than 30 ⁇ M.

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FR0002315A FR2805537A1 (fr) 2000-02-24 2000-02-24 Nouveaux derives de l'acide lipoique, leur preparation, leur application a titre de medicaments et les compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant
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