Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/0646—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles comprising longitudinally preformed wires
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B3/00—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material
  • D07B3/02—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material in which the supply reels rotate about the axis of the rope or cable or in which a guide member rotates about the axis of the rope or cable to guide the component strands away from the supply reels in fixed position
  • D07B3/022—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material in which the supply reels rotate about the axis of the rope or cable or in which a guide member rotates about the axis of the rope or cable to guide the component strands away from the supply reels in fixed position with provision for imparting two or more twists to the filaments for each revolution of the guide member
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
  • D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
  • D07B7/025—Preforming the wires or strands prior to closing
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
  • D07B2201/2007—Wires or filaments characterised by their longitudinal shape
  • D07B2201/2008—Wires or filaments characterised by their longitudinal shape wavy or undulated
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2501/00—Application field
  • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2501/2046—Tire cords

Definitions

• This invention relates to a device for preforming one or more elementary wires forming a metal reinforcing cord.
• This cord is especially suitable 10 for reinforcing composite elasto eric matrix products, such as tyres.
• the preforming device according to the present invention is suitable for operating on highcradlebon content metal wires, which are 15 preferred for manufacturing high elongation cords.
• high elongation is used to indicate the capacity of the reinforcing elements to be stretched under stress, at least initially, to a considerable extent, thanks to the employment of 20 specific materials and/or certain specifically selected geometrical shapes so as to fulfil particular manufacturing phases of tyres and/or conditions of use of tyres.
• these cords defined as "HE" (High 25 Elongation) , present an ultimate elongation between 4% and 10%.
• the wires led out of this preforming device according to the invention are subsequently fed to a traditional stranding station known from the art where the wires thus preformed are twisted around the longitudinal axis of the cord thus obtained.
• a further object of the present invention is a procedure for manufacturing said cord, comprising the following phases: preforming one or more elementary wires forming said cord by subjecting them to a permanent deformation along their longitudinal development; stranding the elementary wires by means of a helicoidal twisting around the longitudinal axis of the cord.
• the present invention relates to a metal cord, preferably a reinforcing cord, obtained by means of a preforming process and of a subsequent stranding of the aforesaid type.
• the cord hereof is specifically designed to be used in manufacturing tyre components for motor vehicles but can be easily employed to manufacture other items, such as for example pipes for high pressure fluids, belts, belt conveyors or any other product made of elastomer-based composite material.
• the metal cords usually employed to reinforce elastomeric products are generally made of several elementary wires helicoidally twisted around an axis which coincides with the longitudinal development of the cords themselves.
• said cords are produced by means of stranding machines comprising: a supporting structure; a rotor coupled to said supporting structure which is rotatable according to a predefined axis; a cradle fastened to the supporting structure according to an oscillation axis which coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotor; feeding devices operatively assembled on said cradle and/or on its outside, suitable for feeding one or more elementary wires coming from respective feeding spools, said one or more elementary wires being driven along suitable stranding paths; and preferably at least one preforming device operating on one or more elementary wires in a section of the wires which preceeds the subsequent stranding phase.
• This preforming device imposes to said one or more elementary wires a permanent flexure deformation suitable for supporting and improving the subsequent arrangement of the wires according to a helicoidal development which ensures the necessary keeping of the structural compactness of the cord.
• these cords especially when employed in the manufacturing of tyres, are generally required to be provided with high mechanical resistance and to allow a good physico-chemical adhesion with the elastomeric material in which they are embedded, as well as an efficient penetration of said material in the space surrounding each wire of said cord.
• the elementary wires forming the cord are compacted, i.e. positioned intimately in contact with one another, leading to the formation of one or more closed cavities inside said cord which extend along the longitudinal development of the cord.
• Said cords are, for example, described in US Patent 4,258,543 in the name of the Applicant. These cords allow a greater penetration of the rubber between the wires forming the cords.
• the cords thus obtained present several problems, especially in use, since the wires forming the cords tend to be distanced also when they are subjected to considerable traction stress during tyre manufacturing and in tyre use. This fact causes undesired geometric and structural instability of the cords which damages the performance of the tyre.
• so-called double-diameter cords are used, i.e. cords with two pairs of wires where the diameter of the wires of the first pair is suitably differentiated from that of the second pair.
• the cord thus obtained consequently, presents the pair of wires with a larger diameter helicoidally twisted together and in reciprocal contact, while each wire of the second pair is interposed between the two wires of the first pair and extends in parallel to the latter, being suitably distanced from them.
• the aforesaid closed cavities are eliminated from the cross section of the cord, ensuring total coverage of elementary wires by the elastomeric material used during the rubberizing phase .
• the suggested technical solution involves that the wires with the smallest diameter are distanced from those with the largest diameter also when the cord is subjected to traction stress in use. This fact, as for the aforesaid "open" cords, causes a certain geometric and structural instability of the cord which is not advantageous.
• a roller preforming machine can be used.
• the roller is idle and presents several preforming seats, each located so as to operatively engage a respective elementary wire of the cord.
• These preforming seats are circumferential grooves in the surface of the roller, the width of which is substantially equal to the diameter of the corresponding elementary wire, with a semicircular profile end portion having an axis coplanar to that of the end portions of the other circumferential grooves .
• preforming can be varied by adjusting the radius of curvature of said grooves or by adjusting the tension applied to the wire.
• this solution presents problems since the preforming action operated on the wire is often thwarted by the dynamic stranding pulls.
• a suggested solution consists of cords generally formed with a low number of wires, where at least one of the elementary wires is deformed during preforming so as to acquire a pattern which is no longer continuous but presents a suitable broken line.
• one or more wires suitable for forming a given cord are unwound from respective storage spools and fed to a pair of opposed cog wheels through which the above mentioned one or more wires are passed and preformed according to the axial direction conferring the aforesaid zigzag pattern.
• This type of preforming is exhaustively described and illustrated in detail also in US Patent 5,581,990.
• preforming devices provided with preforming heads for impressing an axial deformation to one or more of said wires.
• US Patent 5,319,915 discloses the positioning of a flat surface, which extends in parallel to the axis of a wire, before stranding.
• Said flat surface is provided with preforming heads consisting of several pins positioned perpendicularly with respect to this flat surface at a regular distance from one another.
• said pins can be located on a supporting structure which may also be conical or cylindrical (i.e. not necessarily flat) and may be aligned or suitably staggered to provide the wire to be preformed with the desired zigzag path.
• This device consequently, is positioned so that said wire passes alternatively over and under said sequence of heads, while the entire device is rotated around its axis which is parallel to the axis of the wire.
• the Applicant has surprisingly found a stranding system for manufacturing a metal cord provided with a good elastomeric material penetration between the wires forming said metal cord, as well as provided with a good fatigue resistance with respect to similar cords known in the art.
• the Applicant has found that by applying a soft preforming action - substantially sinusoidal - to one or more metal wires forming a given cord, the cord presents a better fatigue resistance, for example, with respect to cords obtained by means of a preforming process employing cog wheels.
• a cord according to the invention presents an increased ultimate elongation, while the penetration of the cord into the elastomeric material is considerably increased with respect to the abovementioned wires of the prior art.
• a first aspect of the present invention relates to a device for manufacturing metal cords, to be used particularly for reinforcing composite elastomeric products.
• Said device comprises:
• feeding devices operatively fitted on said cradle to feed several elementary wires from respective feeding spools, said elementary wires being driven onto the rotor according to a stranding path with end sections coinciding with the rotation axis of said rotor and with a central section distanced from said rotation axis;
• At least one preforming device operatively engaged with the cradle and operating on one of said elementary wires in a section upstream with respect to the first end section of the stranding path, characterized in that said at least one preforming device is suitable for providing said elementary wire with a substantially sinusoidal deformation without sharp edges , i.e. developing according to a continuous curved line without points of discontinuity .
• the device according to the invention comprises one preforming device for each elementary wire of the cord.
• said at least one performing device of the device according to the invention comprises a first and a second pulley fastened to a suitable supporting structure and free to rotate about its axis, each pulley having various opposed pins suitable for reciprocally penetrating each other for a predefined distance so as to induce a sinusoidal deformation without sharp edges on a wire passing through the space between the pins of the first pulley and the corresponding pins of the second pulley.
• a further aspect of the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a metal cord, particularly suitable for reinforcing composite elastomeric products, said cord comprising at least two elementary wires, with a diameter preferably between 0.10 and 0.50 mm, said process comprising the following phases:
• a further aspect of the present invention relates to a metal cord, particularly suitable for reinforcing composite elastomeric products, comprising at least two elementary wires at least one of which is preformed according to the process of the invention.
• a further aspect of the present invention relates to a tyre for vehicle wheels comprising a torus- shaped carcass, a tread located on the periphery of said carcass, a pair of axially facing side walls ending with beads reinforced with bead wires and respective bead filling elements for fixing said tyre to a corresponding mounting rim, said tyre also comprising rubberized fabrics reinforced with metal reinforcing cords, comprising at least two elementary wires which are helicoidally twisted together and around the axis of longitudinal extension of the cord, characterized in that at least one of said elementary wires is permanently deformed by means of a substantially sinusoidal deformation without sharp edges .
• FIG. 2a and 2b illustrate in detail a preforming device according to the present invention, in a plan top view and a partial side view, respectively;
• FIG. 3 illustrates a tyre, in partial straight section, provided with constituent elements comprising reinforcing cords according to the invention.
• reference sign 1 generally indicates a metal reinforcing cord to be used particularly in composite elastomeric products, specifically tyres for motor vehicles, according to the present invention.
• cord 1 comprises several elementary wires, made of steel with acradlebon content between 0.65% and 0.98% and with a diameter between 0.10 mm and 0.50 mm, helicoidally twisted around the axis of longitudinal extension of the cord.
• steel which is the preferred material thanks to its mechanical properties, presents the disadvantage of not sufficiently adhering to vulcanized elastomeric material. Consequently, to attain good adhesion to the elastomeric material, the steel is generally coated with a layer of suitable material.
• This coating material is preferably brass.
• Other coating materials can be used, such as alloys containing Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn.
• adhesion is favoured by the formation during vulcanisation of bisulphide bridges (-S-S-) between the elastomeric matrix and the copper which - being a component of brass - coats the metal reinforcing element.
• the known procedures for coating a metal element with a layer of brass can be divided into two families: plating and diffusion.
• the first comprises electrolytic plating of copper and zinc while the second comprises electro-plating of one or more layers of copper on steel, followed by the electroplating of a layer of zinc and by a thermal treatment with the purpose of diffusing the zinc in the copper layers, thus forming a layer of brass.
• These wires are then, preferably, brass-coated with a metal composition consisting of from 30% to 40% by weight in zinc and from 70% to 60% by weight in copper, more preferably 32.5% weight in zinc and 67.5% weight in copper, to form a layer of brass equal to approximately 0.25 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.05.
• cord 1 The specific features and constructive features of cord 1 according to the invention will be better understood by means of the following description, both as regards the device used and the procedure for its manufacturing.
• Figure 1 illustrates an example of stranding machine, in particular suitable for forming a cord consisting of 5 elementary wires.
• the machine for the production of metal reinforcing cord 1 comprises, in a known configuration, a supporting structure 100 to which a rotor 5 is rotatively engaged, the latter being rotated by means of a motor or similar devices (not illustrated) .
• a cradle (not illustrated in the Figure) is connected to said supporting structure and can rock about the rotation axis of rotor 5.
• Several feeding spools 8 are operatively engaged on the cradle. At least one elementary wire of said cord 1 is wound on each of the spools.
• suitable unwinding devices are coupled to spools 8, which are fitted on the cradle to suitably guide the elementary wires coming from spools 8.
• the elementary wires at the outlet from the cradle are driven onto rotor 5 according to a predefined stranding path along which cord 1 is formed through the effect of rotation imposed on rotor 5 by means of said motor or equivalent device, in combination with the drive produced on the cord by means of collection devices (not illustrated since known and not relevant to the scope of the invention) .
• the stranding path comprises a first end section 10a essentially coinciding with the rotation axis of rotor 5 and delimited by a first rotating transmission device 12, solidly fastened to rotor 5, and an assembly unit 11 consisting, in a known way, of a plate with five holes, solidly fastened to the cradle and, consequently, stationary.
• first end section 10a the wires are subjected to a first helicoidal torsion around the rotation axis of rotor 5 through the effect of the rotating pull which the rotor imposes on the first rotating transmission device 12.
• the wires Downstream of first rotating roller 12, the wires follow a central section 10b of the stranding path which extends to rotor 5 and is radially displaced with respect to the rotation axis of the rotor so as to skip cradle 7 and reach a second transmission device 13 solidly coupled to the rotor on the axially opposite end.
• the stranding path presents a second end section 10c substantially coinciding with the rotation axis of rotor 5 and extending beyond second rotating transmission device 13.
• this second end section through the effect of the rotating pull imposed by rotor 5 on second rotating transmission device 13, a second torsion of the elementary wires is performed, thus completing the formation of cord 1 which is progressively pulled away by the aforesaid collection devices.
• the ratio between the speed of rotation of rotor 5, preferably between 2000 and 6000 rpm, and the pulling speed of cord 1 - and, consequently, of the elementary wires which form it, preferably between 60 and 250 m/min - defines the value of the stranding pitch, i.e. the pitch according to which said elementary wires are helicoidally twisted on finished cord 1.
• said stranding pitch is kept at a value between 3 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 6 mm and 30 mm, more preferably equal to 16 mm.
• the following elements are operatively arranged in sequence for each elementary wire along the path of the elementary wires inside the cradle, and more precisely upstream with respect to assembly unit 11: a rotating transmission device 14, a preforming device 15 according to the invention (shown in detail in Figure 2) and a rotating transmission device 16 consisting of a pulley turned at 90° with respect to the pair of pulleys of the invention; said turned pulley has the purpose of conveying the wire coming out of preforming device 15, to assembly unit 11.
• preforming device 15 comprises a pair of pulleys 200 and 201, preferably a pair of steel plates, fastened to a suitable supporting structure 202 and free to rotate about their axes.
• Each pulley presents various opposed pins 203 and 204 suitable for reciprocally penetrating for a predefined extension so as to cause an axial deformation and a flexion deformation at the same time on a wire crossing the space between the pins of first pulley 200 and the corresponding pins of second pulley 201, during the aforesaid penetration obtained by the movement of the aforesaid pair of pulleys driven and rotated by the wire.
• the longitudinal axis of the aforesaid supporting structure is advantageously located perpendicularly to the direction of advancement of the wire to be subjected to the desired preforming operation.
• Aforesaid pulleys 200 and 201 are fastened to said supporting structure 202 and opposed so that first pulley 200 is kept in a fixed position with respect to said supporting structure 202 but is free to rotate about its axis perpendicularly to longitudinal axis L of the supporting structure.
• Second pulley 201 of this pair is advantageously mobile along a straight guide 205 on the supporting structure and located in parallel to longitudinal axis L of the supporting structure so as to allow fine tuning of second pulley 201, by means of a suitable graduated scale 206, with respect to the first and thus to approach or distance the aforesaid pair.
• each pulley 200 and 201 of the preforming device according to the present invention is provided with a plurality of pins 203 and 204 of suitable length, located perpendicularly to the plate surface of the pulley and positioned consecutively one from the other so as to follow the peripheral profile of the pulley according to a predetermined pitch defined by the distance between the axes of two consecutive pins .
• Figure 2b which illustrates a partial side view of preforming device 15 according to the invention, in order to allow reciprocal penetration of the pins possessed by said pair of pulleys, it is necessary that they are differently distanced from longitudinal axis L of the supporting structure, i.e.
• first pulley 200 and second pulley 201 have to be located on opposed plate surfaces so that, during the rotation of said pulleys, the respective pins are in reciprocally opposite positions.
• the penetration of the pins of the pair of pulleys is variable and adjusted by moving second mobile pulley 201 closer or farther by means of aforesaid straight guide 205. This adjustment is performed by means of a graduated scale 206 which is calibrated so as to define the level of penetration of the pins and consequently the degree of preforming resulting on the wire downstream with respect to the preforming device according to the present invention.
• the level of penetration of the pins represents, consequently, the shift - longitudinal with respect to supporting structure 202 - made by second mobile pulley 201 in the direction of first pulley 200, which is fixed.
• said level of penetration represents the distance D between the axis of a first pin 203 possessed by fixed pulley 200 and the axis of a second pin 204 on mobile pulley 201.
• Said second pin 204 is in consecutive position with respect to the first so that aforesaid distance D is measured in the penetration area of said first and second pin.
• Said area defines the preforming path of said wire.
• the stranding machine comprises a stretching device (capstan) , a device for collecting the produced cord and the usual wire straightening devices, such as the false twister, to eliminate residual tension in the finished cord.
• the stranding operation is such as to ensure that at least one wire of a given cord is subjected to preforming according to the present invention while the remaining wires of said cord are treated as described in the prior art.
• said remaining wires can be subjected to preforming using a roller preforming machine, such as that described in aforesaid US Patent 4,258,543 in the name of the Applicant.
• Preforming devices 15 are applicable to all types of known stranding systems, for example a double twist system or an arrangement system. More in particular, a double twist system can present internal collection (if the collection spool of the finished product is inside of the cradle, between the rotors) or external collection (if the feeding spools are inside of the cradle while the collection spool of the finished product is outside the cradle) .
• the arrangement system finally, differentiates from the double twist system as in arrangement machines each rotor turn corresponds to a single stranding pitch while in double twist machines each turn of the rotors corresponds to an advancement equal to two stranding pitches. Consequently, the difference between these two systems lies in their productivity.
• the pulleys used in the preforming device are overall identical, i.e. they have equal diameter, an equal number of pins and the pins used on both pulleys have the same diameter.
• preforming machine 15 - thanks to its structure - it is possible to obtain a wire with a substantially sinusoidal wavy deformation on a plane that is parallel and intermediate to planes Pi and P2 containing the plate surfaces of the pulleys. Said wire does not present sharp edges, spikes or cuts on its surface.
• the elementary wire passing through the pins of the two pulleys is subjected to an alternating deformation defined by the circular shape of the pins, and does not present, as a consequence, sections with the aforesaid edges, spikes or cuts which are found, for example, on the external surface of the wires which pass through a pair of cog wheels according to the prior art.
• the most suitable selection of values to be attributed to the machine parameters is to be defined specifically according to, for example, the desired degree of preforming of the wire, the diameter of the wire (between 0.10 and 0.50 mm) and the desired value of the final features of the cord. Furthermore, it is important to underline that the pull exerted on the cord also depends on precise process parameter choices according to the features of the machines used, e.g. torsion angles, speed of rotors, stranding pitch. It is also important to note that, to produce a cord, and consequently a rubberized fabric containing said cord, having high elasticity features, it is preferable to subject all the wires forming said cord to the preforming process according to the invention. However, if the main requirement resides in the rubber penetration inside the cord, it may suffice to preform a limited number of the wires forming the cord. This number can be defined on the basis of the total number of wires forming the cord and the desired penetration degree.
• Figure 3 illustrates a generic tyre comprising rubberized fabrics provided with reinforcing cords according to the invention.
• the tyre to which the invention refers comprises a carcass 100, preferably internally covered with an air-tight sheet of rubber 110, a tread 120 located on the periphery of this carcass, a pair of axially facing side walls 130 ending with beads 140 reinforced with bead wires 150 and respective bead filling elements 160 in order to fix said tyre to a corresponding mounting rim 170.
• the tyre can additionally include reinforcing edges 190 and, in the case of radial carcass tyres, also a belt structure 210 interposed between carcass and tread.
• Carcass 100 comprises one or morecarcass plies fixed to said bead wires 150, for example, folded around said bead wires from the inside towards the outside.
• the carcass ply or plies can be formed by sections of rubberized fabric reinforced with textile or metal cords embedded in the fabric rubber .
• Belt structure 210 comprises two belt strips 230 and 240, radially overlapping, and a third belt strip 250 in a radially outermost position.
• Belt strips 230 and 240 are formed by sections of rubberized fabric incorporating metal cords, parallel with respect to each other in each strip and crossed with those of the adjacent strips, inclined preferably in a symmetrical manner with respect to the equaterial plane of the tyre at an angle of between 10° and 30°, while belt strip 250 is provided with cords which are circumeferentially oriented, i.e. at 0° with respect to said equaterial plane.
• This strip 250 can be made, in particular for truck tyres and the like, by a pair of bands symmetrically located with respect to the equaterial plane of the tyre.
• an auxiliary strip (not shown in the figure) may be used in external radial position with respect to belt structure 210, provided with reinforcing cords inclined with respect to the equaterial plane by an angle of between 10° and 70°, usually called "breaker layer" .
• tyres can be formed by sections of rubberized fabric with suitably reinforcing cords inclined with respect to the axial, radial and/or circumferencial directions of the tyre, as required.
• aforesaid reinforcing edge 190 employs inclined cords according to an angle included between 30° and 60° with respect to the axial direction.
• a sample of cord (5x0.35, pitch 16 mm, i.e. a cord formed by the concatenation of five wires with a diameter equal to 0.35 mm) was made according to the procedure of the invention.
• the wires forming said cord were made of steel with a carbon content equal to 0.7%.
• said wires were advantageously brass-coated, with a deposit coating equal to 3.74 g of brass in relation to 1 kg of steel; the percentage of copper in the brass is preferably equal to 64.4%.
• Preforming device 15 according to the invention used to obtain said cord sample presented pins with a diameter of 1.5 mm to attain a wire with a wavy (sinusoidal) shape of width equal to 0.75 mm and pitch equal to 3.25 mm.
• Table II hereinbelow illustrates the results achieved by the Applicant in comparative tests between a 5x0.35 cord subjected to preforming according to the known method of the cog wheels and the same cord preformed according to the method of the invention as described above in detail.
• the values shown in Table II are the average values obtained by performing an arithmetical average among a plurality of values resulting from the tests performed by the Applicant. Table II
• the flexion fatigue test known as FFF (Firestone Flexion Fatigue) test or Wallace test, was carried out on a strip of rubberized fabric. Said strip underwent a series of flexion cycles made by alternatively moving the strip of fabric around a suitably dimensioned roller with an adequately selected pre-load related to the dimensions of the reinforcing cords in the fabric sample.
• the aforesaid test was conducted on a strip of rubberized fabric reinforced with metal cords arranged having a thickness equal to 100 cords/decimetre by applying to the roller a pre-load of 150 pounds (68 kg) by means of a lever mechanism and by using a roller with a diameter equal to 50 mm.
• This lever mechanism caused on the roller, and consequently on the sample, a force opposite and equal to said weight.
• the sample was positioned and the test consisted in counting the traction cycles made by the aforesaid alternating movement. The test ended when the sample broke.
• the test related to the penetration in the fabric consisted in measuring the penetration degree of the rubber between the wires forming said cord and in identifying, as a consequence, the quality of the elastomer coating around each of said wires.
• a suitable funnel advantageously made of glass was reversed on the bottom of a bowl containing ethyl alcohol .
• This funnel presented a scale along the cylindrical stem and ended, on the free end of this stem, with a suction device generally worked by the operator. The operation of the suction device caused the ethyl alcohol to rise in the cylindrical stem to reach a predefined level, called zero level.
• the sample to be examined consisting of a strip of the type described above with dimensions equal to 5 cm x 5 cm, was submerged in the bowl and positioned at the inlet of the funnel.
• Ethyl alcohol has the property of expelling the air which may be contained in the elastomer matrix and to take its place. This fact caused a decrease with respect to the aforesaid zero level of the level of ethyl alcohol in the scaled stem.
• This measurement allowed to define the volume of air possessed by the elastomeric material in which the wires are embedded and, consequently, the penetration degree of the rubber between the wires forming the cord. This test was carried out both on the crude sample and on the vulcanised sample.
• te achieved results confirm the obtainement of a greater rubber penetration and a considerably higher ultimate elongation which results in a greater elasticity of the cord.
• This aspect is particularly desired when these cords are used as reinforcing cords for elastomers used to manufacture tyres . From the results achieved by the Applicant it arises that: a greater pin penetration degree, and consequently a greater preforming degree of the wires forming a cord, corresponds to a greater elongation reached by the cord.
• the Applicant carried out the texts especially on a 1 x 5 x 0.35 cord obtained by a stranding process according to the invention. Said cord appeared particularly suitable for being used to form, for example, the so called breaker layer in the belts for heavy-load tyres and the like, advantageously used on "off-road" paths.
• cords obtained according to the invention can be used as reinforcing cords for any type of elastomeric structure to be used for manufacturing tyres, with particular preference for the elastomers requiring a high elongation cord, for example in reinforcing edges 190 shown in figure 3.
• the Applicant has, in fact, observed that the ultimate elongation of a 1 x 5 x 0.35 cord is clearly better with respect to the ultimate elongation of a 3 x 4 x 0.22 cord, widely used in practice.
• Said cord consists of three strands, each of which formed by four 0.22 diameter wires. More in particular, the ultimate elongation of a 3 x 4 x 0.22 bare cord is equal to 5.5% and this value drops to approximately 3% after vulcanisation.
• the 5 x 0.35 cord presents an ultimate elongation of approximately 6% also after vulcanisation.

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• Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Tires In General (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
• Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

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• 1999
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