EP1123382B1 - Granulationsverfahren - Google Patents
Granulationsverfahren Download PDFInfo
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- EP1123382B1 EP1123382B1 EP99969734A EP99969734A EP1123382B1 EP 1123382 B1 EP1123382 B1 EP 1123382B1 EP 99969734 A EP99969734 A EP 99969734A EP 99969734 A EP99969734 A EP 99969734A EP 1123382 B1 EP1123382 B1 EP 1123382B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- foam
- acid
- foamed
- surfactant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/04—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents by chemical means, e.g. by sulfonating in the presence of other compounding ingredients followed by neutralising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
- C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/046—Salts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing detergents and cleaning agents.
- it relates to a method which allows detergent and cleaning agent compositions without or with reduced use of spray drying steps manufacture.
- Granular detergent and cleaning agent compositions are largely made by spray drying.
- the ingredients are like Surfactants, builders etc. with approx. 35 to 50% by weight water to form an aqueous slurry, the so-called slurry, mixed and in spray towers in a hot gas stream atomized, whereby the detergent and cleaning agent particles form.
- the facilities for this process as well as the implementation of the process costly because most of the slurry water must be evaporated to remove particles with residual water content to get 5 to 10% by weight. They also have through Spray drying granules usually have excellent solubility but only have low bulk weights, resulting in higher packaging volumes as well Transport and storage capacities.
- Spray drying processes have another Series of disadvantages, so that there has been no lack of attempts to manufacture Carrying out detergents and cleaning agents completely without spray drying or at least to have the smallest possible proportions of spray drying products in the finished product.
- European patent application EP-A-0 678 573 (Procter & Gamble) describes a process for producing free-flowing surfactant granules with bulk densities above 600 g / l, in which anionic surfactant acids with an excess of neutralizing agent form a paste with at least 40% by weight of surfactant are reacted and this paste is mixed with one or more powder (s), at least one of which must be spray-dried and which contains anionic polymer and cationic surfactant, the resulting granules optionally being able to be dried.
- this document reduces the proportion of spray-dried granules in the washing and cleaning agents, it does not completely avoid spray drying.
- European patent application EP-A-0 438 320 discloses a batch process for the production of surfactant granules with bulk densities above 650 g / l.
- Anionic surfactant acid is added to a solution of an alkaline inorganic substance in water, possibly with the addition of other solids, and granulated in a high-speed mixer / granulator with a liquid binder. Neutralization and granulation take place in the same apparatus, but in separate process steps, so that the process can only be operated in batches.
- ABS acid contains at least 62% NaOH is neutralized and then granulated with the addition of auxiliaries, for example ethoxylated alcohols or alkylphenols or a polyethylene glycol melting above 48.9 ° C. with a molecular weight between 4000 and 50,000.
- auxiliaries for example ethoxylated alcohols or alkylphenols or a polyethylene glycol melting above 48.9 ° C. with a molecular weight between 4000 and 50,000.
- EP-A-0 508 543 (Procter & Gamble) mentions a process in which a surfactant acid is neutralized with an excess of alkali to form an at least 40% by weight surfactant paste, which is then conditioned and granulated, one Direct cooling with dry ice or liquid nitrogen takes place.
- the liquid surfactant mixtures disclosed in this document contain sodium or potassium salts of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids or alkyl sulfuric acids in amounts of up to 80% by weight, ethoxylated nonionic surfactants in amounts of up to 80% by weight and a maximum of 10% by weight of water.
- the surfactant mixtures to be sprayed on contain between 40 and 92% by weight of a surfactant mixture and more than 8 to a maximum of 60% by weight of water.
- the surfactant mixture consists of at least 50% polyalkoxylated nonionic surfactants and ionic surfactants.
- a method for producing a liquid surfactant mixture from the three components anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant and water is described in EP 507 402 (Unilever).
- the surfactant mixtures disclosed here, which are said to contain little water, are prepared by combining equimolar amounts of neutralizing agent and anionic surfactant acid in the presence of nonionic surfactant.
- German laid - open specification DE-A-42 32 874 (Henkel KGaA) discloses a process for producing washable and cleaning-active anionic surfactant granules by neutralizing anionic surfactants in their acid form. However, only solid, powdery substances are disclosed as neutralizing agents. The granules obtained have surfactant contents of around 30% by weight and bulk densities of less than 550 g / l.
- European published patent application EP 642 576 (Henkel KGaA) describes a two-stage granulation in two consecutive mixers / granulators, in a first, low-speed granulator 40-100% by weight, based on the total amount of constituents used, of the solid and liquid constituents pre-granulated and in a second, high-speed granulator, the pre-granules are mixed with the remaining constituents, if necessary, and transferred into a granulate.
- German published application DE-A-43 04 062 discloses a method of making washing and cleaning-active surfactant granules in which a Anionic surfactant in the acid form and an aqueous one alkaline solution separated with a gaseous Medium (air). After the merge and neutralization becomes the starting product added to one or more inorganic solids, before the granulation starts in a mixer. However, the production looks ahead of the raw materials to be sprayed with the carrier gas through a nozzle.
- European patent EP 772 674 (Henkel KGaA) describes a process for the production of surfactant granules by spray drying, in which anionic surfactant acid (s) and highly concentrated alkaline solutions are subjected separately to a gaseous medium and mixed in a multi-component nozzle, neutralized and sprayed into one Hot gas stream can be spray dried.
- the finely divided surfactant particles obtained in this way are then agglomerated in a mixer to give granules with bulk densities above 400 g / l.
- the problem is solved in a mixing and granulating process in which foamed Anionic surfactant acids and alkali solutions combined to form a neutralizate foam which serves as a granulating aid.
- the invention thus relates to Process for the preparation of surfactant granules, in which an anionic surfactant is in its acid form and a highly concentrated aqueous alkaline component separated with a gaseous one Medium, then merged and neutralized, and both the anionic surfactant in its acid form and the highly concentrated, aqueous alkaline Component foamed by the gaseous medium and the resulting acidic and alkaline foams are combined to form a neutralized foam, which is subsequently placed on a solid bed placed in a mixer.
- pores formations made of gas-filled, spherical or polyhedral cells (pores), which are separated by liquid, semi-fluid or highly viscous cell bridges can be limited.
- the volume concentration of the gas forming the foam at homodisperse Distribution is less than 74%, so the gas bubbles are because of the surface-shrinking Effect of the interfacial tension spherical.
- the cell bridges connected via so-called nodes, form a coherent framework. They stretch between the cell bars Foam slats (closed-cell foam). Are the foam slats destroyed or if they flow back into the cell webs at the end of foam formation, an open-celled cell is obtained Foam.
- Foams are thermodynamically unstable because the surface area is reduced Surface energy can be obtained. The stability and therefore the existence
- the foams according to the invention are therefore dependent on the extent to which they succeed in self-destruction to prevent.
- the gaseous medium is placed in the liquids mentioned blown in, or the foaming is achieved by violent beating, shaking, Spray or stir the liquid in the gas atmosphere in question. Due to the lighter and more controllable and feasible foaming is within the scope of present invention the foam generation by blowing in the gaseous medium ("Fumigation") clearly preferred over the other variants.
- the fumigation Depending on the desired process variant, this is carried out continuously or discontinuously via perforated plates, sintered discs, sieve inserts, Venturi nozzles, inline mixers, homogenizers or other common systems.
- gases or gas mixtures can be used as the gaseous medium for foaming be used.
- gases used in technology are nitrogen, oxygen, Noble gases and noble gas mixtures such as helium, neon, argon and their Mixtures, carbon dioxide etc.
- the method according to the invention is used for reasons of cost preferably carried out with air as the gaseous medium.
- the gaseous medium can also be entirely or partially consist of ozone, which causes oxidatively destructible contamination or discoloration in the fluid components to be foamed which are to be foamed or germ contamination of these components can be prevented.
- the method according to the invention includes the sub-steps of FIG Generation of foams from an anionic surfactant in its acid form on the one hand and from a highly concentrated, aqueous alkaline component on the other hand.
- the two Foams are then combined to form a neutralized foam, which is subsequently added to Addition to a solid bed moving in a mixer serves as a granulating aid.
- the Ingredients of the intermediate products of the first two steps are described below.
- One or more substances from the group are preferred as anionic surfactants in acid form the carboxylic acids, the sulfuric acid half-esters and the sulfonic acids, preferably from the Group of fatty acids, fatty alkyl sulfuric acids and alkylarylsulfonic acids used.
- the above should Compounds have longer-chain hydrocarbon residues, i.e. in the alkyl or alkenyl radical have at least 6 carbon atoms.
- the C chain distributions are usually the anionic surfactants in the range of 6 to 40, preferably 8 to 30 and especially 12 to 22 carbon atoms.
- Carboxylic acids which are used as soaps in detergents and cleaning agents in the form of their alkali metal salts, are technically largely obtained from native fats and oils by hydrolysis. While the alkaline saponification which was carried out in the past century led directly to the alkali salts (soaps), only water is used on an industrial scale to split the fats into glycerol and the free fatty acids. Large-scale processes are, for example, cleavage in an autoclave or continuous high-pressure cleavage.
- Carboxylic acids which can be used as an anionic surfactant in acid form in the context of the present invention are, for example, hexanoic acid (caproic acid), heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), octanoic acid (caprylic acid), nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid), decanoic acid (capric acid), undecanoic acid, etc.
- the preferred compound in the context of the present compound is Use of fatty acids such as dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid), eicosanoic acid (arachic acid), docosanoic acid (behenic acid), tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric acid), triacidic acid (melotonic acid), trisonic acid (melotic acid) unsaturated species 9c-hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid), 6c-octadecenoic acid (petroselinic acid), 6t-octadecenoic acid (petroselaidic acid), 9c-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid), 9t-octadecenoic acid ((elaidinic acid), 9c, 12c-octadecenoic acid
- Such mixtures are for example, coconut oil fatty acid (about 6 wt .-% C 8, 6 wt .-% C 10 48 wt .-% C 12 18 wt .-% C14, 10 wt .-% C 16, 2 wt .-% C18, 8 wt .-% C18 ', 1 wt .-% C 18''), Palmkemölfett Textre (about 4 wt .-% C 8, 5 wt .-% C 10, 50 wt % C 12 , 15% by weight C 14 , 7% by weight C 16 , 2% by weight C 18 , 15% by weight C 18 ' , 1% by weight C 18 " ), tallow fatty acid (approx 3 wt% C 14 , 26 wt% C 16 , 2 wt% C 16 ' , 2 wt% C 17 , 17 wt% C 18 , 44 wt% C 18' , 3% by weight C 18
- soybean oil fatty acid (approx. 2 wt% C 14 , 15 wt .-% C 16, 5 wt .-% C 18, 25 wt .-% C 18 ', 45 wt .-% C 18 ", 7 wt .-% C 18''').
- Sulfuric acid semiesters of longer-chain alcohols are also anionic surfactants in their acid form and can be used in the process according to the invention.
- Their alkali metal, in particular sodium salts, the fatty alcohol sulfates are commercially available from fatty alcohols which are reacted with sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, amidosulfonic acid or sulfur trioxide to give the alkyl sulfuric acids concerned and are subsequently neutralized.
- the fatty alcohols are obtained from the fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures concerned by high-pressure hydrogenation of the fatty acid methyl esters.
- the most important industrial process for the production of fatty alkyl sulfuric acids is the sulfonation of the alcohols with SO 3 / air mixtures in special cascade, falling film or tube bundle reactors.
- alkyl ether sulfuric acids are the alkyl ether sulfuric acids, their salts, the alkyl ether sulfates, compared to the alkyl sulfates by a higher water solubility and lower Characterize sensitivity to water hardness (solubility of Ca salts).
- Alkyl are synthesized like fatty acids from alkyl alcohols, which be reacted with ethylene oxide to give the fatty alcohol ethoxylates in question. Instead of of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide can also be used. The subsequent sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide in short-term sulfonation reactors gives yields over 98% of the relevant alkyl ether sulfuric acids.
- Alkane sulfonic acids and olefin sulfonic acids can also be used as anionic surfactants in acid form in the context of the present invention.
- Alkanesulfonic acids can contain the sulfonic acid group in a terminal bond (primary alkanesulfonic acids) or along the C chain (secondary alkanesulfonic acids), only the secondary alkanesulfonic acids being of commercial importance. These are made by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation of linear hydrocarbons.
- n-paraffins are reacted with sulfur dioxide and chlorine under irradiation with UV light to give the corresponding sulfochlorides, which give the alkanesulfonates directly when hydrolysed with alkalis and the alkanesulfonic acids when reacted with water. Since di- and polysulfochlorides and chlorinated hydrocarbons can occur as by-products of the radical reaction in the sulfochlorination, the reaction is usually only carried out up to degrees of conversion of 30% and then terminated.
- alkanesulfonic acids Another process for the production of alkanesulfonic acids is sulfoxidation, in which n-paraffins implemented under irradiation with UV light with sulfur dioxide and oxygen become.
- this radical reaction successive alkylsulfonyl radicals are formed, which also React oxygen further to the alkylpersulfonyl radicals.
- the reaction with unreacted Paraffin provides an alkyl radical and the alkyl persulfonic acid, which are converted into an alkyl peroxysulfonyl radical and a hydroxyl radical breaks down.
- the reaction of the two radicals with unreacted paraffin provides the alkyl sulfonic acids or water, which with alkyl persulfonic acid and sulfur dioxide reacts to sulfuric acid.
- this reaction is usually only up to degrees of implementation of 1% and then canceled.
- Olefin sulfonates are produced industrially by the reaction of ⁇ -olefins with sulfur trioxide. Intermediate hermaphrodites are formed, which become so-called sultons cyclize. React under suitable conditions (alkaline or acid hydrolysis) these sultones to hydroxylalkanesulfonic acids or alkenesulfonic acids, both of which can also be used as anionic surfactant acids.
- Linear alkylbenzenesulfonates are made from linear alkylbenzenes, which in turn are accessible from linear olefins.
- Large-scale petroleum fractions are used for this separated with molecular sieves into the n-paraffins of the desired purity and dehydrogenated to the n-olefins, resulting in both ⁇ - and i-olefins.
- C 8-16 preferably C 9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonic acids which are derived from alkylbenzenes which have a tetralin content of less than 5% by weight, based on the alkylbenzene.
- alkylbenzenesulfonic acids whose alkylbenzenes have been prepared by the HF process, so that the C 8-16 -, preferably C 9-13- alkylbenzenesulfonic acids used have a 2-phenyl isomer content of less than 22% by weight. , based on the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid.
- anionic surfactants in their acid form can be used alone or in a mixture are used and foamed together in the process according to the invention. But it is also possible and preferred that the anionic surfactant in acid form before Foaming up other, preferably acidic, ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents in amounts of 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably 1 to 15% by weight and in particular from 2 to 10% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the mixture to be foamed, be added.
- Suitable acidic reactants in the context of the present invention are, in addition to the "Surfactic acids” also the fatty acids, phosphonic acids, polymer acids or partially neutralized Polymer acids as well as “builder acids” and “complex builder acids” (details later in the text) alone as well as in any mixtures.
- ingredients of Washing and cleaning agents which is mixed with the anionic surfactant acid before foaming acid detergent and cleaning agent ingredients are particularly suitable on, for example phosphonic acids, which are in neutralized form (Phosphonates) as incrustation inhibitors, part of many detergents and cleaning agents are.
- the use of (partially neutralized) polymer acids such as polyacrylic acids, is possible according to the invention.
- nonionic anionic surfactants in acid form before foaming Surfactants in amounts from 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably from 1 to 15% by weight and in particular from 2 to 10% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the foam to be foamed Mixture, mixed. This addition can affect the physical properties of the anionic surfactant foam improve and a later incorporation of nonionic surfactants in the Eliminate the surfactant granules or the entire detergent and cleaning agent.
- the Different representatives from the group of nonionic surfactants are shown below described.
- alkali metal hydroxide solutions are used as the aqueous alkaline component, preferably sodium hydroxide solutions with concentrations of at least 40 % By weight NaOH, preferably at least 50% by weight NaOH and in particular at least 65% by weight of NaOH, in each case based on the aqueous alkaline component to be foamed, used.
- the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the solution can be increased if at the same time the temperature of the solution is increased. This is problem-free according to the invention possible.
- Further ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents can also be added to the aqueous alkaline component before foaming.
- these further ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents are obtained in amounts of 0.1 to 80% by weight, preferably 10 to 75% by weight and in particular 25 to 70% by weight to the weight of the mixture to be foamed.
- Viscosities are measured in a manner known per se using the Ford flow cup or spindle viscometer such as the Brookfield viscometer.
- the viscosity of the alkaline component to be foamed can be adjusted using commercially available viscosity regulators.
- synthetic polymers such as polyacrylates, polyurethanes, etc.
- natural or semi-synthetic products such as xanthans, celluloses and cellulose derivatives, starch and starch derivatives, etc. are also suitable.
- These organic high-molecular substances which are also called swelling agents, absorb liquids, swell and finally convert into viscous real or colloidal solutions, come from the groups of natural polymers, modified natural polymers and fully synthetic polymers.
- Polymers derived from nature that are used as thickeners are, for example, agar agar, carrageenan, tragacanth, acacia, alginates, pectins, polyoses, guar flour, carob flour, starch, dextrins, gelatin and casein.
- Modified natural products come primarily from the group of modified starches and celluloses, examples include carboxymethyl cellulose and other cellulose ethers, hydroxyethyl and propyl cellulose and core meal ether.
- thickeners that are widely used in a wide variety of applications are the fully synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic and polymethacrylic compounds, vinyl polymers, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides and polyurethanes.
- Thickeners from the classes of substances mentioned are widely available commercially and are, for example, under the trade names Acusol®-820 (Methacrylic acid (stearyl alcohol-20-EO) ester-acrylic acid copolymer, 30% in water, Rohrn & Haas), Dapral®-GT-282-S (alkyl polyglycol ether, Akzo), Deuterol®-Polymer-11 (Dicarboxylic acid copolymer, Schönes GmbH), Deuteron®-XG (anionic Heteropolysaccharide based on ⁇ -D-glucose, D-manose, D-glucuronic acid, more beautiful GmbH), Deuteron®-XN (non-ionic polysaccharide, Schönes GmbH), Dicrylan®-Thickener-O (ethylene oxide adduct, 50% in water / isopropanol, Pfersse Chemistry), EMA®-81 and EMA®-91 (ethylene-maleic anhydride copo
- a preferred polymeric thickener is xanthan, a microbial anionic heteropolysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas campestris and some other species under aerobic conditions and having a molecular weight of 2 to 15 million daltons.
- Xanthan is formed from a chain with ⁇ -1,4-bound glucose (cellulose) with side chains.
- the structure of the subgroups consists of glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid, acetate and pyruvate, the number of pyruvate units determining the viscosity of the xanthan.
- Xanthan can be described by the following formula:
- Carboxymethyl cellulose has also proven particularly useful as a viscosity regulator, which, for example, also makes sodium hydroxide solution sufficient without any further additives foaming stably.
- the aqueous alkaline component without further additives foam and this foam with the anionic surfactant foam to a neutralized foam
- foam stabilizing agents to the aqueous Alkali solution preferred before foaming.
- the aqueous alkaline component before foaming surfactants especially anionic and / or nonionic surfactants, preferably ethoxylated alcohols and / or soaps.
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow fat or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C 12-14 alcohol with 3 EO and C 12-18 alcohol with 5 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- nonionic surfactants which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl esters, such as them are described, for example, in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably produced by the process described in international patent application WO-A-90/13533 .
- alkyl polyglycosides Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG).
- Alkypolyglycosides which can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) z , in which R denotes a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G is Is symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.
- Linear alkyl polyglucosides, ie alkyl polyglycosides, in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical are preferably used.
- the surfactant granules produced according to the invention can preferably alkyl polyglycosides contain, with contents of the granules of APG over 0.2 wt .-%, based on the total Granules are preferred.
- Particularly preferred surfactant granules contain APG in Quantities of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight and in particular 0.5 up to 3% by weight.
- nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half of it.
- Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (II), in which RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 1 for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (III) in which R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R 1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R 2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C 1-4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated Derivatives of this rest.
- R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example according to the teaching of international application WO-A-95/ 07331, be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
- the alkaline component serves to neutralize the anionic surfactant acid, however with regard to the molecular weight differs significantly from this, exist when using the each pure, i.e. only the respective active substance (anionic surfactant or alkali component) containing foams significant differences in the amounts of foam, so that a relatively large amount of anionic surfactant foam with a relatively small amount of alkali foam is united.
- the quantities, i.e. Align volumes of anionic surfactant and alkali foam This is possible, for example, via the amount of gaseous medium.
- the pure anionic surfactant acid is a mixture of anionic surfactant acid and other washing and cleaning agent ingredients
- the pure aqueous alkali solution or an aqueous alkali solution containing, for example, nonionic surfactant is foamed for foam generation from the anionic surfactant in its acid form and the highly concentrated aqueous alkaline component the gaseous medium each in amounts of at least 20 vol .-%, based on the amount of liquid to be foamed.
- gaseous medium for foaming used.
- the amount of gaseous medium is clear above this value, so that processes are preferred in which those used for foaming Gas quantity one to three hundred times. preferably five to two hundred times and in particular ten to one hundred times the volume of the foam to be foamed Amount of liquid.
- gaseous Medium is preferably air. But it is also possible to use other gases or Use gas mixtures for foaming. For example, it may be preferred to clean Oxygen or the air to be used for foaming via an ozonizer lead before the gas is used for foaming.
- gases that contain, for example, 0.1 to 4 wt .-% ozone.
- the ozone content of the foaming gas then leads to the oxidative destruction of undesirable components in the liquids to be foamed.
- a clear brightening can be achieved by adding ozone.
- Preferred for foaming the liter of ABS acid cited above by way of example 1 to 300 liters, preferably 5 to 200 liters and in particular 10 to 100 liters of air used.
- the liquids to be foamed in the sub-steps can be prepared before foaming Have room temperature, but the foaming can also at elevated temperature be performed.
- Preferred processes are characterized in that the ones to be foamed Liquid components before foaming temperatures from 20 to 100 ° C, preferably from 30 to 90 ° C and in particular from 50 to 75 ° C.
- the two foams produced in the partial steps are then combined.
- This forms a stable neutralizate foam with partial release of the previously trapped gas when the gas flow is much larger than the liquid flow is selected (continuous process control), this excess gas supports the transport of the foam, the dissipation of the heat of reaction and the Discharge of excess water from raw materials and the neutralization reaction comes. Excessively high temperatures lead to an undesirable brown color of the neutralized foam that should be avoided.
- the process therefore has the neutralized foam at temperatures below of 115 ° C, preferably between 50 and 95 ° C and in particular between 70 and 90 ° C, on.
- the resulting neutralizate foam which is used as a granulation aid in the next process step, can be characterized by further physical parameters.
- the neutralized foam has a density of at most 0.80 gem -3 , preferably from 0.10 to 0.60 gcm -3 and in particular from 0.30 to 0.55 gcm -3 .
- the neutralized foam has average pore sizes below 10 mm, preferably below 5 mm and in particular below 2 mm. The average pore size is calculated from the sum of all pore sizes (pore diameter) divided by the number of pores and can be determined, for example, by photographic methods.
- the specified physical parameters of temperature, density and average pore size characterize the neutralized foam at the time of its creation.
- the procedure is chosen so that the neutralized foam the criteria mentioned are also met when added to the mixer.
- Procedures are possible in which the foam only one or two of the mentioned criteria when added to the mixer met, but preferably both the temperature, as well as the density and pore size in the ranges mentioned, if the foam gets into the mixer.
- the neutralized foam is placed in a mixer Given solid bed and serves as a granulation aid.
- This stage of the process can be carried out in a wide variety of mixing and granulating devices.
- a suitable mixing and granulating device for example in a corresponding one Plants of the type of an Eirich mixer, a Lödige mixer, for example one Ploughshare mixer from Lödige, or a mixer from Schugi, is used by Circumferential speeds of the mixing elements, preferably between 2 and 7 m / s (ploughshare mixer) or 3 to 50 m / s (Eirich, Schugi), in particular between 5 and 20 m / s submitted a solid bed and then with the addition of the neutralized foam granulated.
- a predetermined grain size can be achieved in a manner known per se of the granulate can be adjusted.
- the granulation and mixing process only needs a very short period of time, for example about 0.5 to 10 minutes, in particular about 0.5 to 5 minutes (Eirich mixer, Lödige mixer) for homogenizing the mixture with formation of the free-flowing granules.
- a dwell time of 0.5 to 10 seconds is usually enough a dwell time of 0.5 to 10 seconds to give a free-flowing granulate receive.
- Mixers suitable for carrying out this method step are, for example Eirich® mixers of the R or RV series (trademark of the machine factory Gustav Eirich, Hardheim), the Schugi® Flexomix, the Fukae® FS-G mixer (trademark the Fukae Powtech, Kogyo Co., Japan), the Lödige® FM, KM and CB mixers (Trademark of Lödige Maschinenbau GmbH, Paderborn) or the Drais® series T or K-T (trademark of Drais-Werke GmbH, Mannheim).
- the solid bed placed in the mixer can all be used in detergents and cleaning agents contain substances used.
- Process finished detergents and cleaning agents are produced.
- certain ingredients of washing and cleaning agents are not granulated, to prevent undesirable reactions of these components among themselves under the mechanical Avoid exposure to the pelletizing tools.
- Ingredients that arise Surfactant granules usually only subsequently, i.e. following a granulation are added, for example, bleaching agents, bleach activators and enzymes.
- the surfactant granules produced according to the invention in addition to the surfactant Contain substances that are later used as active substances in detergents and cleaning agents act.
- the solid bed placed in the mixer therefore contains one or more substances from the group builders, in particular the alkali metal carbonates, sulfates and silicates, the zeolites and the polymers.
- builders are the most important ingredients of Detergents and cleaning agents. In the process according to the invention, all can usually be used Builders used in detergents and cleaning agents in a solid bed be contained, in particular thus zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - if there are no ecological concerns about their use - including the phosphates.
- Suitable crystalline layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 ⁇ H 2 O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20, preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4.
- M sodium or hydrogen
- x is a number from 1.9 to 4
- y is a number from 0 to 20, preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4.
- Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514 .
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
- both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicate Na 2 Si 2 O 5 .yH 2 O are preferred, wherein ⁇ -sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171 .
- the delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / compression or by overdrying.
- the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”.
- silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle.
- it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred.
- Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates which also have a delay in dissolution compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024 .
- Compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates are particularly preferred.
- the finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite used is preferably zeolite A and / or P.
- zeolite P zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred.
- zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable.
- Commercially available and can preferably be used in the context of the present invention for example a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (approx ), which is sold by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX® and by the formula Na 2 O.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
- Useful organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their sodium salts usable polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, Glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and Mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, Adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures from these.
- a surfactant granulate is formed.
- Methods according to the invention are preferred where the neutralized foam in the weight ratio foam: solid from 1: 100 to 9: 1, preferably from 1:20 to 10: 1 and in particular from 1:10 to 1: 1, to that in the mixer submitted solid bed is given.
- granulation aid Netralized foam
- the method according to the invention is with regard to the selection of the ingredients to be used and their concentration can be varied over a wide range. Regardless it is preferred if surfactant granules are produced according to the invention, the surfactant contents above 10% by weight, preferably above 15% by weight and in particular above 20% by weight, based in each case on the granules, and bulk densities above 600 g / l, preferably above 700 g / l and in particular above 800 g / l.
- the granulation process according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that particles predetermined size distribution result.
- the surfactant granules have a particle size distribution in which at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight and in particular at least 70% by weight of the particles have sizes in the range from 400 to 1600 ⁇ m.
- the surfactant granules produced by the process according to the invention can subsequently with other ingredients from detergents and cleaning agents to the finished product be mixed. If necessary, these ingredients can also be on the solid bed or incorporated directly into the surfactant granules via the neutralized foam and are described below:
- surfactant and builders are particularly common in laundry and Detergents usual ingredients from the group of bleaching agents, bleach activators, Enzymes, pH adjusting agents, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, Foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, Color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors are important.
- sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance.
- Further bleaching agents that can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -supplying peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
- Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide.
- Other typical organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids.
- Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- ⁇ -naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -phthalimidoxyacidoxy (PAP), )], o-Carboxybenzamidoperoxycapronsäure, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinates, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, Diperocysebacinklare, diperoxybrassylic acid, diperoxyphthalic acids, the 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1, 4-dia
- Chlorine or bromine releasing substances are used.
- suitable chlorine or bromine-releasing materials come, for example, heterocyclic N-bromine and N-chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, Dibromo isocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with Cations such as potassium and sodium are considered.
- Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.
- bleach activators can be incorporated.
- Bleach activators can be compounds that are aliphatic under perhydrolysis conditions
- Peroxocarboxylic acids with preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid can be used.
- Substances containing O and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned are suitable and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- acylated alkylenediamines especially tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated Glycolurils, especially tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or Isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonat (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular Phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.
- TAED tetraacetylethylened
- bleaching catalysts can be incorporated. These substances are around bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can be used as bleaching catalysts.
- transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes.
- Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can be used as bleaching catalysts.
- Enzymes come from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or their mixtures in question.
- Bacterial strains or are particularly well suited Mushrooms such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus enzymatic agents.
- Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular are preferred Proteases obtained from Bacillus lentus are used.
- enzyme mixtures for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or Protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but especially mixtures containing cellulase of special interest.
- Peroxidases or oxidases have also been found in some Cases proved to be suitable.
- the enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or be embedded in coating substances to protect them against premature decomposition.
- components can also be used that allow oil and fat to be washed out from textiles (so-called soil repellents). This effect becomes particularly clear when a textile is soiled that has already been washed several times with a detergent according to the invention, the oil and fat-dissolving component contains, was washed.
- the preferred oil and fat dissolving components include for example nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups of 15 to 30 wt .-% and hydroxypropoxyl groups from 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the nonionic Cellulose ether, as well as the polymers of phthalic acid known from the prior art and / or terephthalic acid or its derivatives, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionic and / or nonionic modified derivatives of these.
- the sulfonated ones are particularly preferred Derivatives of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers.
- the detergents and cleaning agents can be derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid as optical brighteners or their alkali metal salts. Suitable are e.g. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or similar built-up compounds that instead of the morpholino group a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group wear. Brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may also be present be, e.g.
- Dyes and fragrances are added to detergents and cleaning agents to improve the aesthetics Improve impression of the products and the consumer in addition to the softness performance a visually and sensory "typical and unmistakable" product to deliver.
- perfume oils or fragrances individual fragrance compounds, e.g. synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol type and hydrocarbons are used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes e.g.
- the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial and Bourgeonal
- ketones e.g. the Jonone, ⁇ -isomethyl ionone and methyl cedryl ketone
- the alcohols anethole citronellol
- to the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes like limes and pinene.
- Mixtures of different fragrances are used, which together make an appealing Generate fragrance.
- perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures, as they are accessible from plant sources, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, Rose or ylang-ylang oil.
- plant sources e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, Rose or ylang-ylang oil.
- the content of detergents and cleaning agents is usually lower than that of colorants 0.01% by weight, while fragrances make up up to 2% by weight of the total formulation can.
- the fragrances can be incorporated directly into the washing and cleaning agents but can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to the carrier, which increase the liability of the perfume on the laundry and by a slower fragrance release for long-lasting fragrance of the textiles.
- Such carrier materials have, for example Cyclodextrins have proven themselves, with the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes additionally can be coated with other auxiliaries.
- Another The present invention therefore provides a neutralized foam by combining an anionic surfactant foamed with a gaseous medium in its acid form and a highly concentrated, foamed with a gaseous medium aqueous alkaline component, which is characterized in that the Foam medium pore sizes below 10 mm, preferably below 5 mm and in particular below 2 mm.
- Neutralisate foam makes the gaseous medium one to three hundred times. preferably five to two hundred times and in particular ten to one hundred times of the volume of the foamed liquid quantity.
- Preferred neutralized foams are made by combining one Foam from an anionic surfactant in its acid form, which is optionally further, preferably contains acid, ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents and one Foam from an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide solution, the possibly further ingredients of washing and cleaning agents, in particular contains nonionic surfactants.
- the neutralized foam by combining an anionic surfactant foam and a nonionic surfactant Sodium hydroxide foam was obtained, the sodium hydroxide foam being 5 to 80% by weight, preferably 10 to 75% by weight and in particular 25 to 70% by weight of nonionic surfactant, each based on the weight of the sodium hydroxide foam.
- Another preferred Neutralisate foam is made by combining a foam from an anionic surfactant its acid form, the nonionic surfactants in amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably from 0.5 to 7.5% by weight and in particular from 1 to 5% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the anionic surfactant foam, and a foam from an aqueous Alkali metal hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide solution, the further optionally Contains ingredients of washing and cleaning agents, in particular non-ionic surfactants, receive.
- the neutralizate foam according to the invention is preferably high in surfactant.
- the surfactant contents from 20 to 99% by weight, preferably from 60 to 95% by weight and in particular from 70 to 90% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the foam, have are preferred.
- Another object of the present invention is the use of the invention Neutralisate foams as a granulation liquid in the manufacture of surfactant granules.
- Neutralisate foams as a granulation liquid in the manufacture of surfactant granules.
- the mixers to be used and those which can be used in the solid bed Ingredients are referred to the above explanations.
- Liquid component I 103.7 kg / h C 9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonic acid 10.6 kg / h C 12-18 fatty acid 4.2 kg / h Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic Liquid component II 61.7 kg / h C 12-18 fatty alcohol with 7 EO 33.9 kg / h Sodium hydroxide solution, 50%
- the liquid component I had a temperature of 74 ° C. and the liquid component II a temperature of 61 ° C.
- the mass flows were foamed over sintered disks with 8 m 3 / h of air each and the foams formed were combined in a static mixer.
- the two foams were completely mixed to form the neutralized foam in a dynamic mixer with an internal volume of 5 liters (type RM 3-30 / 65, company GTA, D-31699 Beckedorf), so that the residence time was in the range of seconds.
- the resulting stable neutralizate foam had the following physical parameters at the outlet of the dynamic mixer: temperature 80 ° C density 0.45 gcm -3 pore size ⁇ 2 mm
- the 80 ° C warm neutralizate foam was fed into a ploughshare mixer via a 20 mm pipe dosed with 2 knife heads (type KM300-D, Gebrüder Lödige, Paderborn), the foam in the area of the first cutter head onto the moving solid bed onto surface.
- 2 knife heads type KM300-D, Gebrüder Lödige, Paderborn
- the granulate continuously discharged from the mixer has the following physical parameters: bulk weight 840 g / l Sieve analysis: > 1.6 mm 3 Wt .-% > 1.2 mm 9 Wt .-% > 0.8 mm 26 Wt .-% > 0.4 mm 41 Wt .-% ⁇ 0.4 mm 22 Wt .-% colour pure white
- the inventive method described above was not in accordance with the invention varies in that the liquids do not mix before mixing were foamed (no air feed).
- this comparative example rose the temperature in the dynamic mixer exceeded 110 ° C and the neutralized paste discolored turn brown.
- the feed into the mixer provided a sticky granulate with high Oversize.
- liquid components I and II heated to 70 ° C., the composition of which is given below (data based on the entire batch), were foamed to twice the volume with air as the gaseous medium.
- Liquid component I 10.37 Wt .-% C 9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonic acid 1.06 Wt .-% C 12-18 fatty acid 6.71 Wt .-% C 12-18 fatty alcohol with 7 EO 0.42 Wt .-% Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic Liquid component II 2.53 Wt .-% Sodium hydroxide solution, 65%
- the foamed liquid components I and II were mixed with a laboratory stirrer and the neutralized foam is foamed again to twice the volume. Subsequently the neutralized foam was opened in a 50L Lödige mixer with a chopper the solid bed placed in the mixer (composition: see below), where a batch of 10 kg was processed.
- Solid bed 30.88 Wt .-% Zeolite A (Wessalith® P, Degussa) 32.93 Wt .-% sodium sulphate 6.51 Wt .-% sodium 8.59 Wt .-% Sokalan® CP5, 50%
- the granulate discharged from the mixer has the following physical parameters: bulk weight 835 g / l Sieve analysis: > 1.6 mm 13 Wt .-% > 0.8 mm 22 Wt .-% > 0.4 mm 33 Wt .-% > 0.2 mm 24 Wt .-% > 0.1 mm 7 Wt .-% ⁇ 0.1 mm 1 Wt .-% colour pure white
- liquid components of the composition given in Table 1 were each metered into a pipe section equipped with a check valve at a temperature of 50 ° C. and foamed over sintered disks with 50 times the volume of compressed air.
- the resulting foams were combined in a static mixer and homogeneously mixed in a dynamic mixer to form a neutralizate foam [density: 0.5 gcm -3 , pore size ⁇ 1 mm, temperature: approx. 80 ° C. (by neutralization reaction)].
- the neutralized foam was metered into a ploughshare mixer with 2 cutter heads (type KM300-D, Gebrüder Lödige, Paderborn), the foam in the area of the first cutter head striking the moving solid bed (composition see table 2) and the mixer tools at peripheral speeds of 3 m / s were moved.
- the continuous granulation was carried out with a mass discharge of 1 to 1.4 t / h. Pure white, free-flowing surfactant granules were again formed, the composition of which is given in Table 3 and the physical properties of which are summarized in Table 4.
- the surfactant granulate E2 was fed to a 2-screw extruder from Lihotzky and extruded under a pressure of 25 bar at a temperature of 54 ° C.
- Example E2 also shows that so-called small components (here: optical brightener) can be easily incorporated into the products via the foams.
- composition of the flowable surfactant components [% by weight] E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 a) Liquid component I C 9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonic acid 87.5 87.7 87.5 87.5 C 12-18 fatty acid 9.0 4.8 9.0 9.0 9.0 Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic 3.5 7.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 b) Liquid component II Sodium hydroxide solution 50% 33.5 47.0 33.5 99.5 - Potash lye, 50% - - - - 41.5 carboxymethylcellulose - - - 0.5 - C 12-18 fatty alcohol with 7 EO 66.5 25.8 66.5 - 58.5 Polyethylene glycol 400 - 25.8 - - - optical brightener - 1.4 - - - Solid bed composition [% by weight] E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 Zeolite A (Wessalith® P, Degussa) 34.5 5.1 37.0 34.5 - Zeolite
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Description
- Bei der Neutralisation mit NaOH wie sie im Stand der Technik beschrieben wird, entsteht eine erhebliche Wärmemenge, wobei Überhitzung zur unerwünschten Dunkelfärbung der Produkte führt;
- Eine direkte Kühlung mit Trockeneis oder flüssigem Stickstoff verursacht hohe Betriebskosten;
- Eine Kühlung durch indirekten Wärmeübergang erfordert eine langsame oder gar batchweise Reaktionsführung mit langen Verweilzeiten und großen Behältervolumina, was sich in hohen Investitionskosten niederschlägt;
- Bei indirekter Kühlung steigt die Viskosität der Neutralisationsmischung oft stark an, was einen Wasserzusatz und eine spätere Nachtrocknung erforderlich macht;
- Hohe Konzentrationen an Aktivsubstanzen erhöhen in der Regel die Viskosität, wodurch die homogene Einarbeitung des Neutralisats bei nachfolgenden Agglomerationsschritten auf feste Träger erschwert wird;
- Beim Einsatz fester Neutralisations- und Agglomerationsmittel (beispielsweise Natriumcarbonat) verläuft die Neutralisationsreaktion verlangsamt und/oder zunächst unvollständig, so daß säureempfindliche Feststoffe wie Silikate oder Zeolithe im Feststoffbett nicht zugegen sein dürfen.
Aus der Natur stammende Polymere, die als Verdickungsmittel Verwendung finden, sind beispielsweise Agar-Agar, Carrageen, Tragant, Gummi arabicum, Alginate, Pektine, Polyosen, Guar-Mehl, Johannisbrotbaumkemmehl, Stärke, Dextrine, Gelatine und Casein.
Abgewandelte Naturstoffe stammen vor allem aus der Gruppe der modifizierten Stärken und Cellulosen, beispielhaft seien hier Carboxymethylcellulose und andere Celluloseether, Hydroxyethyl- und -propylcellulose sowie Kernmehlether genannt.
Eine große Gruppe von Verdickungsmitteln, die breite Verwendung in den unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsgebieten finden, sind die vollsynthetischen Polymere wie Polyacrylund Polymethacryl-Verbindungen, Vinylpolymere, Polycarbonsäuren, Polyether, Polyimine, Polyamide und Polyurethane.
Xanthan läßt sich durch folgende Formel beschreiben:
Bevorzugt eingesetzt werden lineare Alkylpolyglucoside, also Alkylpolyglycoside, in denen der Polyglycosylrest ein Glucoserest und der Alkylrest ein n-Alkylrest ist.
| Flüssigkomponente I | 103,7 | kg/h | C9-13-Alkylbenzolsulfonsäure |
| 10,6 | kg/h | C12-18-Fettsäure | |
| 4,2 | kg/h | Hydroxyethan-1,1-diphosphonsäure | |
| Flüssigkomponente II | 61,7 | kg/h | C12-18-Fettalkohol mit 7 EO |
| 33,9 | kg/h | Natronlauge, 50 %ig |
| Temperatur | 80 | °C |
| Dichte | 0,45 | gcm-3 |
| Porengröße | < 2 | mm |
| 288,6 | kg/h | Zeolith A (Wessalith® P, Degussa) |
| 256,2 | kg/h | Natriumsulfat |
| 169,6 | kg/h | Natriumcarbonat |
| 85,9 | kg/h | Sokalan® CP 5, 50 %ig |
| Schüttgewicht | 840 | g/l | |
| Siebanalyse: | > 1,6 mm | 3 | Gew.-% |
| > 1,2 mm | 9 | Gew.-% | |
| > 0,8 mm | 26 | Gew.-% | |
| > 0,4 mm | 41 | Gew.-% | |
| < 0,4 mm | 22 | Gew.-% | |
| Farbe | reinweiß |
| Flüssigkomponente I | 10,37 | Gew.-% | C9-13-Alkylbenzolsulfonsäure |
| 1,06 | Gew.-% | C12-18-Fettsäure | |
| 6,71 | Gew.-% | C12-18-Fettalkohol mit 7 EO | |
| 0,42 | Gew.-% | Hydroxyethan-1,1-diphosphonsäure | |
| Flüssigkomponente II | 2,53 | Gew.-% | Natronlauge, 65 %ig |
| 30,88 | Gew.-% | Zeolith A (Wessalith® P, Degussa) |
| 32,93 | Gew.-% | Natriumsulfat |
| 6,51 | Gew.-% | Natriumcarbonat |
| 8,59 | Gew.-% | Sokalan® CP5, 50 %ig |
| Schüttgewicht | 835 | g/l | |
| Siebanalyse: | > 1,6 mm | 13 | Gew.-% |
| > 0,8 mm | 22 | Gew.-% | |
| > 0,4 mm | 33 | Gew.-% | |
| > 0,2 mm | 24 | Gew.-% | |
| > 0,1 mm | 7 | Gew.-% | |
| < 0,1 mm | 1 | Gew.-% | |
| Farbe | reinweiß |
| Zusammensetzung der fließfähigen Tensidkomponenten [Gew.-%] | |||||
| E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | |
| a) Flüssigkomponente I | |||||
| C9-13-Alkylbenzolsulfonsäure | 87,5 | 87,7 | 87,5 | 87,5 | 87,5 |
| C12-18-Fettsäure | 9,0 | 4,8 | 9,0 | 9,0 | 9,0 |
| Hydroxyethan-1,1-diphosphonsäure | 3,5 | 7,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 |
| b) Flüssigkomponente II | |||||
| Natronlauge 50 %ig | 33,5 | 47,0 | 33,5 | 99,5 | - |
| Kalilauge, 50 %ig | - | - | - | - | 41,5 |
| Carboxymethylcellulose | - | - | - | 0,5 | - |
| C12-18-Fettalkohol mit 7 EO | 66,5 | 25,8 | 66,5 | - | 58,5 |
| Polyethylenglycol 400 | - | 25,8 | - | - | - |
| optischer Aufheller | - | 1,4 | - | - | - |
| Zusammensetzung des Feststoffbetts [Gew.-%] | |||||
| E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | |
| Zeolith A (Wessalith® P, Degussa) | 34,5 | 5,1 | 37,0 | 34,5 | - |
| Zeolith X (Wessalith® XD, Degussa) | - | 56,1 | - | - | 36,5 |
| Natriumsulfat | 32,8 | - | 28,0 | 33,0 | 44,0 |
| Natriumcarbonat | 21,5 | - | 23,5 | 29,0 | 8,5 |
| Natriumcitrat | - | 6,2 | - | - | - |
| Polyethylenglycol 4000 | - | 3,1 | - | - | - |
| Polymercompound | 11,2 | 17,1 | 11,5 | 3,5 | 11,0 |
| Fettalkoholsulfat-Compound | - | 12,4 | - | - | - |
| Zusammensetzung der Tensidgranulate [Gew.-%] | |||||
| E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | |
| Flüssigkomponente I (Tabelle 1 a) | 11,85 | 18,55 | 11,85 | 23,17 | 11,85 |
| Flüssigkomponente II (Tabelle 1 b) | 10,10 | 12,27 | 10,10 | 6,65 | 11,47 |
| =Neutralisatschaum (Tabelle 1) | 21,95 | 30,82 | 21,95 | 29,82 | 23,32 |
| Feststoffe (Tabelle 2) | 78,05 | 69,18 | 78,05 | 70,18 | 76,68 |
| Physikalische Daten der Tensidgranulate | |||||
| E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | |
| Schüttgewicht [g/I] | 850 | 750 | 916 | 828 | 980 |
| Siebanalyse [Gew.-%]: | |||||
| > 1,6 mm | 7 | 90 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| > 1,2 mm | 13 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 |
| > 0,8 mm | 23 | 1 | 14 | 15 | 5 |
| > 0,4 mm | 26 | - | 52 | 27 | 26 |
| < 0,4 mm | 31 | - | 28 | 44 | 68 |
| Farbe | reinweiß | strahlend weiß | reinweiß | reinweiß | reinweiß |
Claims (28)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tensidgranulaten, wobei ein Aniontensid in seiner Säureform und eine hochkonzentrierte, wäßrige alkalische Komponente getrennt mit einem gasförmigen Medium beaufschlagt, danach zusammengeführt und neutralisiert werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sowohl das Aniontensid in seiner Säureform als auch die hochkonzentrierte, wäßrige alkalische Komponente durch das gasförmige Medium aufgeschäumt und die entstehenden sauren und alkalischen Schäume zu einem Neutralisatschaum zusammengeführt werden, welcher nachfolgend auf ein in einem Mischer vorgelegtes Feststoffbett gegeben wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Aniontensid in Säureform ein oder mehrere Stoffe aus der Gruppe der Carbonsäuren, der Schwefelsäurehalbester und der Sulfonsäuren, vorzugsweise aus der Gruppe der Fettsäuren, der Fettalkylschwefelsäuren und der Alkylarylsulfonsäuren, eingesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Aniontensid in Säureform C8-16-, vorzugsweise C9-13-Alkylbenzolsulfonsäuren eingesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Aniontensid in Säureform vor dem Aufschäumen weitere, vorzugsweise saure, Inhaltsstoffe von Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln in Mengen von 0,1 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 15 Gew.-% und insbesondere von 2 bis 10 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gewicht der aufzuschäumenden Mischung, zugemischt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Aniontensid in Säureform vor dem Aufschäumen nichtionische Tenside in Mengen von 0,1 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 15 Gew.-% und insbesondere von 2 bis 10 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gewicht der aufzuschäumenden Mischung, zugemischt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als wäßrige alkalische Komponente Alkalimetallhydroxidlösungen, vorzugsweise Natriumhydroxid-lösungen mit Konzentrationen von mindestens 40 Gew.-% NaOH, vorzugsweise mindestens 50 Gew.-% NaOH und insbesondere mindestens 65 Gew.-% NaOH, jeweils bezogen auf die aufzuschäumende wäßrige alkalische Komponente, eingesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der wäßrigen alkalischen Komponente vor dem Aufschäumen weitere Inhaltsstoffe von Waschund Reinigungsmitteln in Mengen von 0,1 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 10 bis 75 Gew.-% und insbesondere von 25 bis 70 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gewicht der aufzuschäumenden Mischung, zugemischt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der wäßrigen alkalischen Komponente vor dem Aufschäumen Tenside, vorzugsweise anionische und/oder nichtionische Tenside, und insbesondere ethoxylierte Alkohole und/oder Seife, zugemischt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Schaumerzeugung aus dem Aniontensid in seiner Säureform und der hochkonzentrierten, wäßrigen alkalischen Komponente das gasförmige Medium jeweils in Mengen von mindestens 20 Vol.-%, bezogen auf die aufzuschäumende Flüssigkeitsmenge, eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zur Aufschäumung eingesetzte Gasmenge das ein- bis dreihundertfache. vorzugsweise das fünf- bis zweihundertfache und insbesondere das zehn- bis einhundertfache des Volumens der aufzuschäumenden Flüssigkeitsmenge ausmacht.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als gasförmiges Medium Luft eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aufzuschäumenden Flüssigkomponenten vor der Aufschäumung Temperaturen von 20 bis 100°C, vorzugsweise von 30 bis 90°C und insbesondere von 50 bis 75°C, aufweisen.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Neutralisatschaum Temperaturen unterhalb von 115°C, vorzugsweise zwischen 50 und 95°C und insbesondere zwischen 65 und 90°C, aufweist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Neutralisatschaum eine Dichte von maximal 0,80 gcm-3, vorzugsweise von 0,10 bis 0,6 gcm-3 und insbesondere von 0,3 bis 0,55 gcm-3, aufweist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Neutralisatschaum mittlere Porengrößen unterhalb 10 mm, vorzugsweise unterhalb 5 mm und insbesondere unterhalb 2 mm, aufweist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Neutralisatschaum die genannten Kriterien bei Zugabe in den Mischer erfüllt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das im Mischer vorgelegte Feststoffbett einen oder mehrere Stoffe aus der Gruppe Gerüststoffe, insbesondere der Alkalimetallcarbonate, -sulfate und -silikate, der Zeolithe und der Polymere, enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Neutralisatschaum im Gewichtsverhältnis Schaum:Feststoff von 1:100 bis 9:1, vorzugsweise von 1:30 bis 2:1 und insbesondere von 1:20 bis 1:1, auf das im Mischer vorgelegte Feststoffbett gegeben wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tensidgranulate Tensidgehalte oberhalb 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise oberhalb 15 Gew.-% und insbesondere oberhalb 20 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Granulat, und Schüttgewichte oberhalb 600 g/l, vorzugsweise oberhalb 700 g/l und insbesondere oberhalb 800 g/l, aufweisen.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tensidgranulate eine Teilchengrößeverteilung aufweisen, bei der mindestens 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mindestens 60 Gew.-% und insbesondere mindestens 70 Gew.-% der Teilchen Größen im Bereich von 400 bis 1600 µm besitzen.
- Neutralisatschaum, erhältlich durch Vereinigen eines mit einem gasförmigen Medium aufgeschäumten Aniontensids in seiner Säureform und einer mit einem gasförmigen Medium aufgeschäumten, hochkonzentrierten, wäßrigen alkalischen Komponente, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schaum mittlere Porengrößen unterhalb 10 mm, vorzugsweise unterhalb 5 mm und insbesondere unterhalb 2 mm, aufweist.
- Neutralisatschaum nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das gasförmige Medium mindestens 20 Vol.-%, bezogen auf die aufgeschäumte Flüssigkeitsmenge, ausmacht.
- Neutralisatschaum nach Anspruch 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das gasförmige Medium das ein- bis dreihundertfache. vorzugsweise das fünf- bis zweihundertfache und insbesondere das zehn- bis einhundertfache des Volumens der aufgeschäumten Flüssigkeitsmenge ausmacht.
- Neutralisatschaum nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er durch Vereinigen eines Schaums aus einem Aniontensid in seiner Säureform, der gegebenenfalls weitere, vorzugsweise saure, Inhaltsstoffe von Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln enthält und eines Schaums aus einer wäßrigen Alkalimetalhhydroxid-, vorzugsweise Natriumhydroxidlösung, der gegebenenfalls weitere Inhaltsstoffe von Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln, insbesondere nichtionische Tenside, enthält, erhalten wurde.
- Neutralisatschaum nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er durch Vereinigen eines Schaums aus einem Aniontensid in seiner Säureform, der nichtionische Tenside in Mengen von 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 0,5 bis 7,5 Gew.-% und insbesondere von 1 bis 5 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gewicht des Aniontensidsäureschaums, enthält und eines Schaums aus einer wäßrigen Alkalimetalhhydroxid-, vorzugsweise Natriumhydroxidlösung, der gegebenenfalls weitere Inhaltsstoffe von Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln, insbesondere nichtionische Tenside, enthält, erhalten wurde.
- Neutralisatschaum nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er durch Vereinigen eines Aniontensidsäureschaums und eines niotensidhaltigen Natronlaugeschaums erhalten wurde, wobei der Natronlaugeschaum 5 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 75 Gew.-% und insbesondere 25 bis 70 Gew.-% nichtionisches Tensid, jeweils bezogen auf das Gewicht des Natronlaugeschaums, enthielt.
- Neutralisatschaum nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er Tensidgehalte von 20 bis 99 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 60 bis 95 Gew.-% und insbesondere von 70 bis 90 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gewicht des Schaums, aufweist.
- Verwendung von Neutralisatschäumen nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 27, als Granulationsflüssigkeit bei der Herstellung von Tensidgranulaten.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19844523 | 1998-09-29 | ||
| DE19844523A DE19844523A1 (de) | 1998-09-29 | 1998-09-29 | Granulationsverfahren |
| PCT/EP1999/006920 WO2000018872A1 (de) | 1998-09-29 | 1999-09-18 | Granulationsverfahren |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1123382A1 EP1123382A1 (de) | 2001-08-16 |
| EP1123382B1 true EP1123382B1 (de) | 2002-12-18 |
Family
ID=7882572
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99969734A Expired - Lifetime EP1123382B1 (de) | 1998-09-29 | 1999-09-18 | Granulationsverfahren |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6468957B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1123382B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2002525421A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20010075452A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE230016T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19844523A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2190675T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2000018872A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10123622A1 (de) * | 2001-05-15 | 2002-11-28 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tensidgranulaten |
| DE10134364A1 (de) * | 2001-07-14 | 2003-01-23 | Clariant Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bleichaktivator-Granulaten |
| DE60220695T2 (de) * | 2001-09-04 | 2007-10-18 | Dow Global Technologies, Inc., Midland | Verfahren zum dispergieren eines fluidums in feststoffpartikeln |
| DE10163603B4 (de) | 2001-12-21 | 2006-05-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung builderhaltiger Tensidgranulate |
| DE10212169A1 (de) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-10-02 | Sued Chemie Ag | Waschmittelzusatz mit hohem Gehalt an nichtionischen Tensiden und schnellem Auflösevermögen |
| DE10214388A1 (de) * | 2002-03-30 | 2003-10-16 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung fester Mittel |
| EP1672057A1 (de) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Neutralisation von sauren Tensidvorstufen |
| KR101392380B1 (ko) * | 2007-02-21 | 2014-05-07 | 주식회사 엘지생활건강 | 산성형태의 수용성 고분자를 함유하는 분말세제 입자 및그의 제조방법 |
| CA2685745C (en) * | 2007-05-08 | 2016-04-26 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Water dispersible polymer compositions |
| EP2810877A1 (de) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-12-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Waschmittelverpackungsprozess |
| US9512388B2 (en) | 2015-02-18 | 2016-12-06 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Solid state detergent in a transparent container |
| USD784819S1 (en) | 2015-02-18 | 2017-04-25 | Henkel Us Iv Corporation | Container for a solid state detergent |
| USD762486S1 (en) | 2015-02-18 | 2016-08-02 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Solid state detergent in a transparent container |
| BR112018016481B1 (pt) * | 2016-02-16 | 2022-08-23 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Detergente líquido |
| JP6781976B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-28 | 2020-11-11 | 株式会社日本抗菌総合研究所 | 粉末状洗浄剤 |
Family Cites Families (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58217598A (ja) | 1982-06-10 | 1983-12-17 | 日本油脂株式会社 | 洗剤組成物 |
| DE3413571A1 (de) | 1984-04-11 | 1985-10-24 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verwendung von kristallinen schichtfoermigen natriumsilikaten zur wasserenthaertung und verfahren zur wasserenthaertung |
| CA1276852C (en) | 1985-06-21 | 1990-11-27 | Francis John Leng | Liquid detergent composition |
| GB8625104D0 (en) | 1986-10-20 | 1986-11-26 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions |
| DE3741401A1 (de) * | 1987-12-07 | 1989-06-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung von festen oder pastenfoermigen produkten |
| US4919847A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-04-24 | Colgate Palmolive Co. | Process for manufacturing particulate detergent composition directly from in situ produced anionic detergent salt |
| DE3914131A1 (de) | 1989-04-28 | 1990-10-31 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung von calcinierten hydrotalciten als katalysatoren fuer die ethoxylierung bzw. propoxylierung von fettsaeureestern |
| CA2017922C (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1995-07-11 | Frank Joseph Mueller | Formation of discrete, high active detergent granules using a continuous neutralization system |
| YU221490A (sh) | 1989-12-02 | 1993-10-20 | Henkel Kg. | Postupak za hidrotermalnu izradu kristalnog natrijum disilikata |
| GB9001285D0 (en) | 1990-01-19 | 1990-03-21 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions and process for preparing them |
| GB9107092D0 (en) | 1991-04-04 | 1991-05-22 | Unilever Plc | Process for preparing detergent compositions |
| ES2104809T3 (es) | 1991-04-12 | 1997-10-16 | Procter & Gamble | Estructuracion quimica de pastas tensioactivas para formar granulos tensioactivos muy activos. |
| ES2104884T3 (es) | 1992-02-14 | 1997-10-16 | Procter & Gamble | Procedimiento para elaborar granulos de detergente por neutralizacion de acidos sulfonicos. |
| DE4216774A1 (de) | 1992-05-21 | 1993-11-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung eines granularen Wasch und/oder Reinigungsmittels |
| DE4232874A1 (de) | 1992-09-30 | 1994-03-31 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tensidgranulaten |
| DE4304062A1 (de) | 1993-02-11 | 1994-08-18 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tensidgranulaten |
| US5739097A (en) | 1993-02-11 | 1998-04-14 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process for the production of surfactant granules |
| AU7716094A (en) | 1993-09-09 | 1995-03-27 | Procter & Gamble Company, The | Liquid detergents with n-alkoxy or n-aryloxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants |
| DE4400024A1 (de) | 1994-01-03 | 1995-07-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Silikatische Builder und ihre Verwendung in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln sowie Mehrstoffgemische für den Einsatz auf diesem Sachgebiet |
| EP0678573B1 (de) | 1994-04-20 | 2000-11-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Verfahren zur Herstellung von rieselfähigen Waschmittelgranulaten |
| DE4425968A1 (de) | 1994-07-25 | 1996-02-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tensidgranulaten |
| JPH09241698A (ja) | 1996-03-13 | 1997-09-16 | Lion Corp | 高嵩密度粒状洗剤組成物の製造方法 |
| BR9712885A (pt) | 1996-11-06 | 2000-02-01 | Procter & Gamble | Processo de neutralização para a fabricação de grânulos de aglomerado de detergente |
-
1998
- 1998-09-29 DE DE19844523A patent/DE19844523A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-09-18 WO PCT/EP1999/006920 patent/WO2000018872A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-09-18 JP JP2000572320A patent/JP2002525421A/ja active Pending
- 1999-09-18 AT AT99969734T patent/ATE230016T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-18 EP EP99969734A patent/EP1123382B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-18 DE DE59903874T patent/DE59903874D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-18 KR KR1020017004009A patent/KR20010075452A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-18 US US09/806,285 patent/US6468957B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-18 ES ES99969734T patent/ES2190675T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20010075452A (ko) | 2001-08-09 |
| EP1123382A1 (de) | 2001-08-16 |
| DE19844523A1 (de) | 2000-03-30 |
| JP2002525421A (ja) | 2002-08-13 |
| DE59903874D1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
| ATE230016T1 (de) | 2003-01-15 |
| WO2000018872A1 (de) | 2000-04-06 |
| ES2190675T3 (es) | 2003-08-01 |
| US6468957B1 (en) | 2002-10-22 |
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