EP1070756A1 - Schwefelhaltige Schmierstoffe - Google Patents
Schwefelhaltige Schmierstoffe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1070756A1 EP1070756A1 EP00114894A EP00114894A EP1070756A1 EP 1070756 A1 EP1070756 A1 EP 1070756A1 EP 00114894 A EP00114894 A EP 00114894A EP 00114894 A EP00114894 A EP 00114894A EP 1070756 A1 EP1070756 A1 EP 1070756A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sulfur
- lubricant
- nanoparticulate
- lubricants
- und
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010077895 Sarcosine Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CSSCC1=CC=CC=C1 GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001935 peptisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003008 phosphonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003996 polyglycerol polyricinoleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010958 polyglycerol polyricinoleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010734 process oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940048181 sodium sulfide nonahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WMDLZMCDBSJMTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;sulfanide;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[SH-] WMDLZMCDBSJMTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003900 succinic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000010723 turbine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/06—Sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/043—Sulfur; Selenenium; Tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
Definitions
- the present application relates to lubricants containing nanoparticulate Sulfur with an average particle diameter in the range from 10 to 1500 nm.
- Lubrication is the use of a material that improves the uniformity and ease of movement of two surfaces against each other. This means that the movement is gentle on the geometric shape (abrasion, service life) and as economically as possible (friction).
- the material used for lubrication is called lubricant.
- One of the main tasks of lubricants is to optimize power transmission. Lubricants also perform tasks such as dissipating frictional heat, protecting against corrosion or sealing. In the case of the friction of surfaces against one another, a distinction is made between hydrodynamic friction, dry friction and, as a border area between these two forms, mixed friction. The area of mixed friction is of greatest technical importance.
- lubricants lie, which include, for example, plain bearings, rolling bearings, gears, chains, precision engineering, slideways, motors, hydraulics, tools, machines and metalworking processes such as metal cutting and cold forming. Accordingly, a distinction is made between lubricants depending on the application.
- machine lubricating oils cylinder oils, turbine oils, engine oils, gear oils, compressor oils, circulation oils, hydraulic oils, insulating oils, heat transfer oils, process oils, metalworking oils, cooling lubricants, cutting oils and greases.
- the most important task of lubricants is to reduce the friction of materials moving against each other and to prevent mechanical wear in the mixed friction area.
- the sliding surfaces are separated by a liquid film, but are still so close together that individual roughness tips touch.
- the direct contact points determine the friction behavior and the wear of the materials rubbing against each other.
- high pressures and very high temperatures can occur which occasionally lead to welds ( Eating ") and tearing out particles from the composite material.
- Eating welds
- the touching and thus heated areas of the surfaces of the sliding partners are chemically changed by the formation of a well-adhering and easily shearable protective layer.
- the price-performance ratio of the known EP additives is in many cases unsatisfactory or the solubility or dispersibility in the base oils is insufficient.
- Elemental sulfur in commercially available forms e.g. B. as a sulfur bloom, is used as a lubricant additive.
- its solubility is too low in the base oils commonly used in the field of partial lubrication to achieve a sufficient lubricating effect for the usual requirements in practice. All attempts to achieve a sufficient lubricating effect by increasing the amount of sulfur used led to unacceptable results in the formulation and handling of the corresponding lubricants because of the formation of dispersions.
- the object of the present invention was EP additives and containing them To make lubricants technically available that meet the specified requirements Remedy disadvantages of the prior art.
- the invention relates to sulfur-containing lubricants which are nanoparticulate Sulfur with an average particle diameter in the range from 10 to 1500 nm, but preferably in the range from 25 to 800 nm.
- the size specifications are to be understood as the diameter in the direction of the largest Linear expansion of the particles. Receives in the manufacture of the fine particles always particles with a size that follows a distribution curve. For experimental Particle size can be determined, for example, by those skilled in the art known method of dynamic light scattering can be applied.
- the nanoparticulate sulfur particles are Invention encased by at least one surface modifier.
- this coating will provide chemical stability to oxidative and photochemical Changes during the storage of the particles improved and their Stability towards agglomeration increased. Furthermore, by a suitable Sheathing the particles improves their redispersibility and this different Dispersants are adjusted.
- Surface modification agents are to be understood as substances which are those of the surface the fine particles physically adhere, but not chemically with them react.
- the individual molecules of the surface modification agents adsorbed on the surface are essentially free of intermolecular bonds.
- Surface modifiers include, in particular, dispersants to understand. Dispersants are also among those skilled in the art, for example Terms known as emulsifiers, protective colloids, wetting agents and detergents.
- the adducts of ethylene oxide and / or of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, Fatty acids, alkylphenols, glycerol monoesters and diesters and sorbitan monoesters and diesters of fatty acids or castor oil are known, commercially available Products. These are mixtures of homologs, the middle ones Degree of alkoxylation the ratio of the amounts of ethylene oxide and / or Propylene oxide and substrate with which the addition reaction is carried out corresponds.
- C 8/18 alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides their preparation and their use are known from the prior art. They are produced in particular by reacting glucose or oligosaccharides with primary alcohols with 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
- glycoside residue both monoglycosides in which a cyclic sugar residue is glycosidically bonded to the fatty alcohol and oligomeric glycosides with a degree of oligomerization of up to preferably about 8 are suitable.
- the degree of oligomerization is a statistical mean value which is based on a homolog distribution customary for such technical products.
- anionic emulsifiers are soaps, alkylbenzenesulfonates, Alkane sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, ⁇ -methyl ester sulfonates, Sulfofatty acids, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates such as, for example Fatty alcohol ether sulfates, glycerol ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, Monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, Mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, Ether carboxylic acids and their salts, fatty acid isethionates, fatty
- Zwitterionic surfactants can also be used as emulsifiers. Such surface-active compounds are referred to as zwitterionic surfactants. net, which carry at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate and one sulfonate group in the molecule.
- Particularly suitable zwittenonic surfactants are the so-called betaines such as the N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example the cocoalkyldimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylamino-propyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example the cocoacylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxyl -3-hydroxyethylimidazolines each having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and the cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinate.
- betaines such as the N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example the cocoalkyldimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylamino-propyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glyc
- Suitable emulsifiers are ampholytic surfactants.
- Ampholytic surfactants are surface-active compounds which, in addition to a C 8/18 alkyl or acyl group, contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOH or -SO 3 H group in the molecule and are capable of forming internal salts.
- ampholytic surfactants are N-alkylglycine, N-alkylpropionic acid, N-alkylaminobutyric acid, N-alkyliminodipropionic acid, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycine, N-alkyltaurine, N-alkyl sarcosine, 2-alkylaminopropionic acid and alkylaminoacetic acid each with about 8 to 18 C. Atoms in the alkyl group.
- Particularly preferred ampholytic surfactants are N-coconut alkyl aminopropionate, coconut acyl aminoethyl aminopropionate and C 12/18 acyl sarcosine.
- quaternary emulsifiers are also suitable, those of the esterquat type, preferably methyl-quaternized difatty acid triethanolamine ester salts, being particularly preferred.
- Protective colloids suitable as surface modifiers are e.g. natural water-soluble polymers such as B. gelatin, casein, gum arabic, lysalbic acid, Starch, albumin, alginic acid and their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts, water-soluble derivatives of water-insoluble polymeric natural substances such.
- B. Cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose or modified carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl starch or hydroxypropyl guar, as well as synthetic water-soluble polymers, such as.
- lubricants according to the invention is more nanoparticulate Sulfur with one or more base oils and / or base oil emulsions as well optionally dispersed one or more other additives. This can be done accordingly part of the sulfur in the solubility of the sulfur in the dispersant Solution go.
- a further possibility for the production of the ready-to-use lubricant preparations is that the nanoparticulate sulfur is first predispersed in a base oil or a base oil emulsion in the form of a lubricant additive concentrate, and this is then diluted with the same base oil or other liquid components into the desired one Application formulation is transferred.
- the nanoparticulate sulfur can also first be dispersed with water and then mixed with the other formulation components.
- the order of addition of each component to make the Lubricant preparations are usually not critical.
- the base oil used is preferably the one at the beginning mentioned groups of substances or their emulsions.
- Base oil a carboxylic acid ester such.
- lubricants which are nanoparticulate Sulfur with an average particle diameter in the range from 10 to 1500, but preferably 25 to 800 nm, dispersed in a base oil.
- the amount of nanoparticulate sulfur used in the lubricant preparation depends on the intended application. Generally the amount used of sulfur is chosen so that the concentration of that contained in the nanoparticles Sulfur - d. H. without consideration, if necessary, additionally in the nanoparticles contained surface modifier - between 0.02 and 50, preferably 0.1 and 5 wt .-% based on the total weight of the lubricant preparations lies.
- the production of the nanoparticulate contained in the lubricants according to the invention Sulfur can be made using different methods.
- the production preferably takes place in such a way that first of all from the stand processes known in the art an aqueous sulfur dispersion - also as "colloidal sulfur" called - is produced.
- aqueous sulfur dispersion also as "colloidal sulfur” called - is produced.
- Such methods are, for example described in Gmelin's Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 9 [A], 8th edition, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1953, p. 485 f.
- the aqueous dispersion can be used as such for use in water-containing lubricant preparations become. If desired, you can add or remove Water a certain concentration of the dispersion can be set.
- the aqueous sulfur dispersion is freed of water, which is preferred by Freeze drying can happen.
- a Bronsted acid is also preferred a mineral acid to add to the acidic required for the reaction Adjust the pH value below 7.
- nanoparticulate Sulfur is added to the aqueous sulfur dispersion before freeze drying or more surface modifiers added.
- the type and amount of added Surface modifiers depend on their solubility in the dispersion and the intended use of those obtained after freeze-drying coated sulfur particles. So by choosing the surface modifier for example the compatibility of the sulfur nanoparticles with the rest Lubricant components of the preparation can be coordinated.
- the aqueous sulfur dispersion is produced in the presence of one or more surface modification agents, the order of their addition to the other reactants as a rule is not critical.
- the manufacture of the lubricants according to the invention can also be produced nanoparticulate sulfur are made by adding vaporous sulfur in Water, optionally one or more surface modifiers contains, condensed and then, for example, the suspension obtained freed from water by freeze drying.
- Another suitable method for producing the nanoparticulate sulfur offers evaporation technology.
- sulfur is first in a suitable dissolved organic solvent. Then the solution is so in water or another non-solvent, optionally in the presence of one dissolved therein surface-active compound given that it through homogenization of the two immiscible solvents to precipitate the comes nanoparticulate particles, with the organic solvent preferably evaporates.
- O / W emulsions can also be used or O / W microemulsions can be used.
- surface-active compounds can use the surface modification agents already explained at the beginning become.
- GAS Gel Anti Solvent Recrystallization
- the procedure uses a highly compressed gas or supercritical fluid (e.g. carbon dioxide) as a non-solvent for the crystallization of solutes.
- the compressed gas phase is introduced into the primary solution of the starting material and absorbed there, whereby the liquid volume increases, the solubility decreases and fine particles Particles are excreted.
- the PCA method Precipitation with a Compressed Fluid Anti-Solvent).
- the primary solution of the Starting material introduced into a supercritical fluid, with finely divided Form droplets in which diffusion processes take place, so that a precipitation finest particles.
- the starting material is injected with gas (e.g. carbon dioxide or propane) melted.
- gas e.g. carbon dioxide or propane
- Pressure and temperature reach near or supercritical Conditions.
- the gas phase dissolves in the solid and causes a lowering of the Melting temperature, viscosity and surface tension.
- expanding cooling effects lead to the formation of very fine particles through a nozzle.
- nanoparticulate sulfur are only to be understood as examples and are not a limitation.
- the invention further relates to a method for lubricating one another moving surfaces, in which a lubricant is used, the nanoparticulate Sulfur with an average particle diameter in the range of 10 up to 1500 nm, but preferably in the range from 25 to 800 nm.
- the nanoparticulate sulfur acts as in the lubricants according to the invention Lubricant additive, especially as an extreme pressure additive. It's special advantageous friction-reducing properties are particularly important difficult cutting processes as well as processes where a high load capacity is required.
- the invention therefore also includes methods for Metalworking using the nanoparticulate described above Sulfur and its use in metalworking oils, especially those at the cutting oils used in metal cutting.
- Trimethylolpropane oleic acid ester (Edenor TMP 05, trademark of Henkel KgaA) was used as the base oil.
- Experiment No. 1 serves as a comparison experiment (blank value).
- experiment no. 2 reference value
- 13% diisononyl pentasulfide was used as an additive; this concentration corresponds to a concentration of 5% bound sulfur.
- experiments Nos. 3 to 6 according to the invention the nanoparticulate sulfur produced according to Example 1 was used as an additive in the stated concentrations.
- comparative experiments Nos. 7 and 8 commercial sulfur bloom (Riedel de Haen) was used as an additive. To produce the test samples for experiments Nos.
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Bei der Reibung von Oberflächen gegeneinander unterscheidet man die hydrodynamische Reibung, die trockene Reibung sowie als Grenzgebiet zwischen diesen beiden Formen die Mischreibung. Die technisch größte Bedeutung hat das Gebiet der Mischreibung. Hier liegen demgemäß die wichtigsten Einsatzgebiete für Schmierstoffe, zu denen beispielsweise Gleitlager, Wälzlager, Getriebe, Ketten, Feinwerktechnik, Gleitbahnen, Motoren, Hydraulik, Werkzeuge, Maschinen und Metallbearbeitungsprozesse zählen wie spanabhebende Metallbearbeitung und Kaltumformung. Demgemäß unterscheidet man Schmierstoffe je nach Einsatzgebiet z. B. als Maschinenschmieröle, Zylinderöle, Turbinenöle, Motorenöle, Getriebeöle, Kompressorenöle, Umlauföle, Hydrauliköle, Isolieröle, Wärmeträgeröle, Prozeßöle, Metallbearbeitungsöle, Kühlschmierstoffe, Schneidöle und Schmierfette.
- Mineralöle, z. B. Erdöl-Destillatfraktionen
- Synthetische Öle, z. B.
- Polyether wie Polyglykole und Polyphenylether
- Carbonsäureester
- Phosphor- und Phosphonsäureester
- Silicone
- Silicatester
- Polyhalogenkohlenwasserstoffe
- fluorierte Verbindungen
- Polyolefine
- Alkylaromaten
- Kühlwirkung
- Fähigkeit, an der Reibstelle zu bleiben
- Fähigkeit, gegen Verunreinigungen abzudichten
- anwendungsgerechter Einsatztemperaturbereich
- Korrosionsschutz
- geringe Flüchtigkeit
- niedrige Entflammbarkeit
- geringe Schaumneigung
Die wichtigsten Typen von Additiven sind
- Oxidationsinhibitoren, z. B. sterisch gehinderte Phenole, Amine, Zinkdithiophosphate
- Korrosions- und Rostinhibitoren, z. B. Aminphosphate, Alkylbernsteinsäuren, Fettsäuren
- Metalldeaktivatoren, z. B. Triarylphosphite, Diamine, Dimercaptan-Thiadiazol-Derivate
- Verschleiß- und Freßschutzwirkstoffe (Anti-Wear-, Extreme-Pressure-Additive), z. B. Zinkalkyldithiophosphate, Trikresylphosphate, geschwefelte Fette und Olefine, Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe, Aminphosphate
- Reibungsveränderer (Friction Modifier), z. B. Fettsäuren, Fettamine
- Detergentien, z. B. normale oder basische Ca-, Ba- Mg-Sulfonate oder - Phosphonate
- Dispersantien, z. B. Polymere wie stickstoffhaltige Polymethacrylate, Alkylsuccinimide, Succinatester
- Pourpoint-Erniedriger, z. B. alkylierte Naphthaline und Phenole
- Viskositätsindexverbesserer, z. B. Polyisobutylene, Polyacrylate, hydrierte Styrol-Butadien-Copolymere
- Schauminhibitoren, z. B. Silikonpolymere, Tributylphosphat
- Haftverbesserer, z. B. Seifen, Polyacrylate
- Emulgatoren, z. B. Natriumsalze organischer Sulfonsäuren, Fettaminsalze
- Bakterizide, z. B. Phenole, Chlorverbindungen, Formaldehydderivate.
Die für die praktische Anwendung angestrebten Schmierstoffeigenschaften werden in der Regel erst durch die Verwendung einer Kombination unterschiedlicher Additive erreicht.
Die Einsatzkonzentrationen der Additive in den gebrauchsfertigen Schmierstoffen liegt im Bereich von wenigen ppm (z. B. für Schauminhibitoren) bis zu Konzentrationen von 30%. Neben den Schmierstoffadditiven selbst sind auch Schmierstoffadditiv-Konzentrate im Handel, welche konzentrierte Vorlösungen oder Vordispersionen von Schmierstoffadditiven in Grundölen darstellen und aus welchen der Anwender durch Verdünnung mit Grundöl die gebrauchsfertige Schmierstoff-Zubereitung herstellt.
In der Fachwelt wird keine klare Trennung zwischen Verschleiß- bzw. Freßschutzadditiven sowie den darunter fallenden Anti-Wear- und Hochdruck- oder Extreme-Pressure-Additiven (EP-Additiven) vorgenommen, so daß im weiteren Text der vorliegenden Anmeldung der Einfachheit halber alle diese Additive unter dem gemeinsamen Begriff EP-Additive verstanden werden sollen.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind bereits zahlreiche EP-Additive bekannt, die jedoch alle für die Anforderungen der Praxis nicht vollständig befriedigen können. So ist beispielsweise bei den Phosphorsäureestern das Lasttragevermögen unter Extreme-Pressure-Bedingungen begrenzt, und sie sind anfällig gegen Hydrolyse. Die Chlorparaffine wirken, indem sie unter Anwendungsbedingungen das Metall mit einem leicht scherbaren Film aus Metallchlorid überziehen. Der bei Anwesenheit von Feuchtigkeit und unter Einwirkung von Licht sich bildende Chlorwasserstoff kann jedoch starke Korrosionen an der Metalloberfläche bewirken, was den Einsatz der Chlorparaffine erheblich einschränkt. Darüber hinaus ist ihr Einsatz wegen ihrer ungünstigen ökotoxikologischen Eigenschaften und der damit verbundenen hohen Entsorgungskosten stark rückläufig.
Die Wirkung schwefelhaltiger Verbindungen als EP-Additive kommt durch Abspaltung des Schwefels und dessen Reaktion mit der Metalloberfläche zustande, setzt also das Vorliegen des Schwefels in einer disponiblen Form voraus. Da die Freisetzung von Schwefel aus Mono- und Disulfiden jedoch erst bei höheren Temperaturen erfolgt, besitzen diese nur mittlere Aktivitäten als EP-Additive. Das als EP-Additiv mit insgesamt guten Anwendungseigenschaften früher vielfach eingesetzte geschwefelte Spermöl verlor seine Bedeutung, da der Ausgangsstoff zu seiner Herstellung aus Gründen des Tierschutzes heute kaum mehr verfügbar ist. Die Einsatzgebiete für vollsynthetische schwefelhaltige Verbindungen wie Dibenzyldisulfid, geschwefelte Olefine, Terpene und Fettsäureester sind eingeschränkt beispielsweise durch ihre für zahlreiche Anwendungsgebiete zu hohe Korrosivität. Schwefelverbindungen weisen darüber hinaus in vielen Fällen eine unbefriedigende Hautverträglichkeit sowie einen unangenehmen Geruch auf, was im praktischen Gebrauch zur Belästigung und zur Gesundheitsgefährdung von Personen führt. Als EP-Additive mit dem insgesamt ausgewogensten Eigenschaftsprofil sind heute Dialkyloligosulfide wie z. B. Diisononylpentasulfid im Gebrauch, die jedoch wie die übrigen EP-Additive des Stands der Technik häufig keine befriedigende Wirkung zeigen. Darüber hinaus ist bei den bekannten EP-Additiven das Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis in vielen Fällen nicht zufriedenstellend bzw. die Löslichkeit oder Dispergierbarkeit in den Grundölen nicht ausreichend.
Auch elementarer Schwefel in handelsüblichen Formen, z. B. als Schwefelblüte, findet Einsatz als Schmierstoffadditiv. Seine Löslichkeit ist jedoch in den im Bereich der Teilschmierung üblicherweise verwendeten Grundölen zu gering, um für die üblichen Anforderungen der Praxis eine ausreichende Schmierwirkung zu erzielen. Alle Versuche, durch Erhöhung der Einsatzmenge des Schwefels eine ausreichende Schmierwirkung zu erzielen, führten wegen der Bildung von Dispersionen zu nicht akzeptablen Ergebnissen bei der Formulierung und Handhabung der entsprechenden Schmierstoffe. So kam es zu einem Sedimentieren des Schwefels während der Lagerung des Schmierstoffs sowie bei vorübergehendem Stillstand der zu schmierenden Teile. Bei dem bei bestimmten Anwendungen erforderlichen Abfiltrieren von während des technischen Einsatzes entstehenden Metallspänen wurde darüber hinaus der Schwefel ebenfalls im Filter zurückgehalten und damit dem Schmiermittel entzogen. In der Praxis werden wegen dieser Probleme anstelle elementaren Schwefels die vorstehend beschriebenen schwefelhaltigen Verbindungen eingesetzt.
- eine hervorragende Schmierwirkung, besonders bei hoher Belastung
- eine einfache Herstellbarkeit der Schmierstoff-Zubereitungen verbunden mit einer guten Lagerstabilität, ohne daß Agglomeration oder Sedimentation der dispergierten Partikel erfolgt
- Ungiftigkeit
- Geruchlosigkeit
- gute Hautverträglichkeit
- problemlose Entsorgbarkeit.
Für den Fall, daß die Schmierstoff-Zubereitungen Wasser enthalten, kann der nanopartikuläre Schwefel auch zunächst mit Wasser dispergiert und anschließend mit den übrigen Rezepturbestandteilen vermengt werden.
Danach filtrierte man durch einen Faltenfilter ab und wusch den gelben, aus Schwefel-Gel bestehenden Filterkuchen von der Außenseite des Filters mit 300 ml dest. Wasser aus. Anschließend wurde der Filterkuchen auf dem Filter mit 900 ml dest. Wasser peptisiert. Von dem erhaltenen, gelblichweißen wässrigen Schwefel-Sol wurde die Teilchengröße zu X50 = 829 nm bestimmt.
Die Bestimmung der Teilchengröße erfolgte mit einem ultrakompakten Hochleistungs-Feinstkorn-Granulometer (UPA). Der X50-Wert besagt, daß 50% aller Teilchen eine Größe aufweisen, die kleiner oder gleich diesem Wert ist.
Die wässrige Dispersion wurde anschließend gefriergetrocknet, wobei 1,6 g nanopartikulärer Schwefel mit einer Teilchengröße von X50 = 460 nm erhalten wurden.
Die wässrige Dispersion wurde anschließend gefriergetrocknet, wobei 2,1 g nanopartikulärer Schwefel mit einer Teilchengröße von X50 = 700 nm erhalten wurden.
Während des gesamten Versuchs wird die Reibungszahl zeitabhängig in Form einer Reibkurve aufgezeichnet. Das Auftreten eines Reibprofils ist hierbei als unerwünscht zu werten. Ein ideales Schmiermittel zeichnet sich durch einen linearen Kurvenverlauf aus.
Zur Herstellung der Prüfmuster für die Versuche Nr. 3 bis 6 wurde der nach Gefriertrocknung erhaltene nanopartikuläre Schwefel aus Beispiel 1 im Schmiermittel dispergiert. Die Teilchengröße in diesen Dispersionen wurde mit X50 = 770 nm bestimmt.
| Versuch Nr. | .Additiv | Profiltiefe (µm) | Meßzeit (min) | Besonderheiten |
| 1 | ohne | 2,56 | 21 | Versuchsabbruch durch Fresser |
| 2 | 13 % Diisononylpentasulfid | 3,26 | 50 | Kurve mit Reibprofil |
| 3 | 5 % Nano-Schwefel | 1,66 | 50 | leichtes Reibprofil aus Beispiel 1 |
| 4 | 2,5 % Nano-Schwefel | 1,09 | 50 | leichtes Reibprofil aus Beispiel 1 |
| 5 | 1,25 % Nano-Schwefel | 1,43 | 50 | linearer Verlauf aus Beispiel 1 |
| 6 | 0,63 % Nano-Schwefel | 1,46 | 50 | linearer Verlauf aus Beispiel 1 |
| 7 | 1 % Schwefelblüte | 2,56 | 25 | starkes Reibprofil |
| 8 | 5 % Schwefelblüte | 2,61 | 45 | starkes Reibprofil |
Die schlechteren Schmiereigenschaften der Schwefelblüte zeigen sich bereits darin, daß es vor dem Ende der regulären Versuchsdauer zu Fressern kommt. Darüber hinaus kommt es zu einer unerwünschten Sedimentation der Schwefelpartikel.
Claims (11)
- Schwefelhaltige Schmierstoffe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie nanopartikulären Schwefel mit einem mittlerem Teilchendurchmesser im Bereich von 10 bis 1500 nm enthalten.
- Schmierstoffe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mittlere Teilchendurchmesser im Bereich von 25 bis 800 nm liegt.
- Schmierstoffe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schwefelpartikel mit einem oder mehreren Oberflächenmodifikationsmitteln ummantelt vorliegen.
- Schmierstoffe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der nanopartikuläre Schwefel in einem Grundöl dispergiert ist.
- Schmierstoff nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schmierstoff 0,02 bis 50 Gew.-% des nanopartikulären Schwefels enthält.
- Schmierstoff nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schmierstoff 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% des nanopartikulären Schwefels enthält.
- Schmierstoff nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der im Schmierstoff enthaltene nanopartikuläre Schwefel hergestellt wird durch Gefriertrocknung einer wässrigen Schwefel-Dispersion.
- Schmierstoff nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wäßrige Schwefel-Dispersion hergestellt wird, indem folgende Komponenten zur Reaktion gebracht werden:Schwefelwasserstoff oder ein Alkalimetallsalz des Schwefelwasserstoffs undSchwefeldioxid, schweflige Säure oder ein Alkalimetallsalz der schwefligen Säure.
- Schmierstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der wäßrigen Schwefel-Dispersion vor der Gefriertrocknung mindestens ein Oberflächenmodifikationsmittel zugesetzt wurde.
- Schmierstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Herstellung der wäßrigen Schwefel-Dispersion in Gegenwart mindestens eines Oberflächenmodifikationsmittels erfolgt.
- Verfahren zum Schmieren von relativ zueinander bewegten Oberflächen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man einen Schmierstoff nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 einsetzt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19934182A DE19934182A1 (de) | 1999-07-21 | 1999-07-21 | Schwefelhaltige Schmierstoffe |
| DE19934182 | 1999-07-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1070756A1 true EP1070756A1 (de) | 2001-01-24 |
Family
ID=7915535
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00114894A Withdrawn EP1070756A1 (de) | 1999-07-21 | 2000-07-12 | Schwefelhaltige Schmierstoffe |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1070756A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19934182A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4011561A1 (de) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-15 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Mobile werkzeugmaschine und verfahren |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7632788B2 (en) * | 2005-12-12 | 2009-12-15 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Nanosphere additives and lubricant formulations containing the nanosphere additives |
| US7867958B2 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2011-01-11 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Diblock monopolymers as lubricant additives and lubricant formulations containing same |
| DE102011010910A1 (de) * | 2011-02-10 | 2012-08-16 | Gkn Driveline International Gmbh | Umformschmiermittelzusammensetzung, insbesondere für die Kaltumformung von metallischen Teilen |
| JP6913566B2 (ja) | 2017-08-23 | 2021-08-04 | 協同油脂株式会社 | グリース組成物 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB424578A (en) * | 1932-08-24 | 1935-02-25 | Aeg | Improvements relating to lubricants |
| DE695766C (de) * | 1932-08-25 | 1940-09-02 | Hugo Farwick | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schwefel in feinster Verteilung enthaltenden Paste fuer Schneide- und Bohroele |
| GB588283A (en) * | 1945-02-07 | 1947-05-19 | Bertram Leonard Philip Anthony | Improvements in or relating to sulphur-containing lubricants |
| DE937784C (de) * | 1954-03-14 | 1956-01-12 | Fritz Dr Singer | Verfahren zur Kaltformgebung von Metallen |
| GB993836A (en) * | 1963-03-26 | 1965-06-02 | Shell Int Research | Cutting oils |
| US4416788A (en) * | 1981-10-13 | 1983-11-22 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Metal cutting oil and method for using same |
-
1999
- 1999-07-21 DE DE19934182A patent/DE19934182A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-07-12 EP EP00114894A patent/EP1070756A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB424578A (en) * | 1932-08-24 | 1935-02-25 | Aeg | Improvements relating to lubricants |
| DE695766C (de) * | 1932-08-25 | 1940-09-02 | Hugo Farwick | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schwefel in feinster Verteilung enthaltenden Paste fuer Schneide- und Bohroele |
| GB588283A (en) * | 1945-02-07 | 1947-05-19 | Bertram Leonard Philip Anthony | Improvements in or relating to sulphur-containing lubricants |
| DE937784C (de) * | 1954-03-14 | 1956-01-12 | Fritz Dr Singer | Verfahren zur Kaltformgebung von Metallen |
| GB993836A (en) * | 1963-03-26 | 1965-06-02 | Shell Int Research | Cutting oils |
| US4416788A (en) * | 1981-10-13 | 1983-11-22 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Metal cutting oil and method for using same |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4011561A1 (de) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-15 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Mobile werkzeugmaschine und verfahren |
| WO2022122413A1 (de) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-16 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Mobile werkzeugmaschine und verfahren |
| US12138769B2 (en) | 2020-12-11 | 2024-11-12 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Mobile power tool and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19934182A1 (de) | 2001-01-25 |
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