EP1068771B1 - Ecouteur exempt de bruit impulsif et servant a la protection contre la surdite de conduction - Google Patents

Ecouteur exempt de bruit impulsif et servant a la protection contre la surdite de conduction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1068771B1
EP1068771B1 EP99906740A EP99906740A EP1068771B1 EP 1068771 B1 EP1068771 B1 EP 1068771B1 EP 99906740 A EP99906740 A EP 99906740A EP 99906740 A EP99906740 A EP 99906740A EP 1068771 B1 EP1068771 B1 EP 1068771B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
earphone
sound
earphone housing
loudspeaker
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99906740A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1068771A1 (fr
EP1068771A4 (fr
Inventor
Chung Yu Lin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnny's Phone Co
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Johnny's Phone Co
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1068771A1 publication Critical patent/EP1068771A1/fr
Publication of EP1068771A4 publication Critical patent/EP1068771A4/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an earphone arranged for being hanged between a tragus and an antitragus of an external ear.
  • the earphone is arranged for protection against conductive hearing loss.
  • the sound is defined as a physical energy and is transmitted in the form of energy. The farther the sound travels the greater energy it contains (like thunder or sound from gunshots). Therefore, energy in the sound is measured by the logarithm system while decibel(s) is often used as the unit to measure the sound intensity.
  • decibel is not an absolute value, but a relative value, such that the decibel means a comparison of the intensity between two sounds. Hence, if we say how many decibels a sound has, it means that how many times its pressure greater than a certain reference one.
  • an audiometer is used to measure the hearing and the decibels increase from 0 to 60, it is indicated that the energy in the sound increases by 10 6 .
  • even a sound pressure with 60 decibels isn't a loud sound, and it's nearly equal to a great sound a few feet away from us in our daily life.
  • a human ear as shown in Figs. 1 to 3 , consists of three main parts - the external ear 10, the middle ear 20, and the inner ear 30.
  • the external ear 10 includes the helix 11, the antihelix 12, the auricle 13, the concha 14, the antitragus 15, the tragus 16, and the external auditory canal 17 whose length of an adult is about 24mm.
  • the tympanic membrane 171 is located in the most inner side of the external auditory canal 17.
  • the external auditory canal 17 and the middle ear 20 are separated by the tympanic membrane 171 while the middle ear 20 is the ear drum formed between the external ear 10 and the inner ear 30 and having the malleus 21, the incus 22 and the stapes 23, wherein the end of the malleus 21 lies hidden in the tympanic membrane 171 while the body of the malleus 21 and the head of the incus 22 are joined together to be a joint.
  • the incus 22 has a short leg 221 and a long leg 222, wherein the short leg 221 leans on the wall of the ear drum while the end of the long leg 222 is linked to the head of the stapes 23.
  • the end of the stapes 23 is formed as a foot shape, as shown in Fig. 2 .
  • the inner ear 30 includes the cochlea 31 and the labyrinth 32, wherein the cochlea 31 controls the human hearing system while the labyrinth 32 maintains balance in the body.
  • These two fine parts are enclosed by a capsule; in addition, some perilymphs in the most outer layer thereof cover the cochlea 31 and the labyrinth 32.
  • These perilymphs are functioned as an air cushion to provide an excellent protection when the head gets an intense vibration.
  • the cochlea 31 and the labyrinth 32 are floating in the fluid of the lymphs.
  • the inside of the cochlea 31 consists of three parts - the scala vestibuli, the scala tympani, and the cochlear duct containing perilymph.
  • the nerve cells in the cochlea 31 contain about 30.000 hairlike nerve endings.
  • oval window 33 and the round window 34 are located near the wall surface of eardrum of the middle ear 20 while the base of the stapes rests against the opening of oval window 33 and the inner side thereof is attached to the scala vestibuli 311 of the cochlea 31 so that the cochlea 31 can receive the sound pressure transmitted from the auditory ossicles while the round window 34 is attached to the scala tympani 312 of the cochlea 31 in order to directly receive the sound transmitted from the eardrum of the middle ear 20.
  • the sound pressure is transmitted from the tragus 17 to the tympanic membrane 171
  • a portion of the sound pressure is partially reflected back to the tragus 76 while another portion of the sound pressure passes through the tympanic membrane 171 into the middle ear 20.
  • the portion of the sound pressure that has been transmitted into the middle ear 20 has a certain part pass through the malleus 21 and the incus 22 into the foot-shaped end of the stapes 23 (those who consist of the malleus 21, the incus 22, and the stapes 23 is hereafter called auditory ossicles), and then through the oval window 33 into the cochlea 31 of the inner ear 30.
  • the rest of the sound pressure is transmitted by the air medium in the eardrum into the cochlea 31 of the inner ear 30.
  • the sound pressure transmitted into the human ear is divided into two parts to enter the inner ear 30; however, the sound transmitted by the way of auditory ossicles into the oval window 33 is more effective and important than that transmitted by the air medium through eardrum into the round window 34.
  • the reason is that 99.9% of the energy of the sound pressure transmitted into the eardrum of the middle ear 20 and passing by way of the air medium through the round window 34 into the perilymph of the cochlea 31 is consumed or reflected back by the fluid surface. Only 0.1% of the energy is able to pass through the perilymph into the cochlea 31.
  • the most effective way of the sound transmission is carried out from the tympanic membrane 171 through the auditory ossicles into the oval window 33.
  • the sound pressure is transmitted to the end of the stapes 23 and strikes the oval window 33, it directly passes through the incompressible perilymph into the cochlea 31 while the sound pressure is not consumed or reflected by the fluid surface.
  • the perilymph containing the sound pressure stimulates the hairlike nerve endings in the cochlea 31 to generate a displacement or a bending, and this motion can turn the mechanical force in the sound pressure into electrochemical impulses that are carried up the acoustic nerve to auditory cortex of the brain. At last, it is the sound we can understand.
  • the sense of the human ear is very sharp and the perceptible pitch is also very wide.
  • the perceptible frequency range of human beings is about 20 ⁇ 20000Hz while the intensity range 10 -12 ⁇ 10 2 W/m 2 and the sound pressure less than 180dB.
  • the pitch in the improper range (sound pressure over 90dB is so-called noise) easily causes the damage of the auditory part in the ear.
  • the factory workers under a long-time exposure to the industrial noise without wearing any hearing protectors (like earplug or earphone) have the hearing damage possibility up to 25% after a few years.
  • This kind of hearing loss mostly belongs to the perceptive hearing threshold while the other kind is mostly caused by a direct strike on the head or an instant impulse noise, resulting in a damage of the ear membrane or the auditory ossicles so that the sound pressure transmitted in the middle ear 20 simultaneously enters the oval window 33 and the round window 34 in the vestibuli 33 and it is counteracted by each other. Accordingly, a hearing loss is caused.
  • This kind of conductive function loss in the middle ear is called conductive hearing loss.
  • the hearing loss resulting from the above mentioned kind of conductive function loss in the middle ear increases in these years, and most of them are the young people using Walkman. It is well-known that the loudspeaker of the common stereophonic sound or the earphone is driven by the current connected by the electric cord so that the conic paper box on the front part and the vibrating membrane generate a to and fro vibration to produce sound and music.
  • a complicate physical phenomenon is produced by this simple, to and fro repetitive movement that the air is compressed when the conic paper box on the front part and the vibrating membrane move forward so that the molecules in the air become dense to be the high pressure air while the molecules in the air are thinned to be the low pressure air when the conic paper box on the front part and the vibrating membrane move backward.
  • the air molecules have the same characteristics as we don't like to be compressed and squeezed, so that an elasticity is generated by the squeezed air to push the energy produced by the loudspeaker to a farther place.
  • the loudspeaker proceeds with the to and fro movement, the adjacent air pushes the energy forward by this loudspeaker. This energy pushing the sound transmission is called "sound pressure".
  • the sound energy transmission is a continual connection between a high pressure space and a low pressure space.
  • This pressure space as the wave includes the wave peak and the wave valley which move forward unceasingly, so that the moving direction of the sound produced by the loudspeaker is completely driven by the sound pressure and the people in the farther place is also able to hear the sound or music produced by the loudspeaker.
  • the transmission way and the distribution state of the sound produced by the loudspeaker depend on the frequency of the loudspeaker.
  • the low tone of sound itself has no direction. When it sounds, it is slowly propagated to all directions. Therefore, the furnishing place for the super low tone is not so demanding as the common loudspeaker while the propagation way of the high tone of sound is similar to laser rays whose proceeding direction is almost straight, so that surfaces resulting in reflection should be prevented for the furnishing direction of the high tone body from the counteraction of tone quality and the destruction of the sound field.
  • the sound pressure is the same in all of the propagation directions when the loudspeaker sounds.
  • the front direction of the loudspeaker must face the continual double impact of the sound pressure and the high tone. Thus, a strong feeling and an obvious vibration are produced when we are hearing the Rock & Roll of the heavy metal music or fast rhythm music.
  • JP60 185486 discloses a combined headphone and microphone in one set unit.
  • the headphone unit is supported in the hollow of the housing.
  • the housing has a rear opening.
  • a hood is covered on the front of the housing, and a plurality of sound holes spaced distributed -on the hood to enable the output sound of headphone unit pass through.
  • An ear pad is attached on the surface of the hood.
  • the rear side of housing is connected with a holding fixture by a connector rod, and the ear pad is attached on the surface of the holding fixture. In using the headphone unit as the headphone, the part covered with an ear pad is inserted and held in the ear concha.
  • the ear concha insertion and holding fixture having the ear pad is inserted in the ear concha. Therefore, when using the headphone unit as the headphone, the sound output end is facing to the front end of the earphone which is worn within a cavum concha of the ear of the user so that -the output of high frequency noise always directs to the listener's ear and hurts the heath of the ear.
  • the sound emitted from the sound output end of the headphone unit is also directly entering the user's auditory canal.
  • JP62 277000 discloses two sets of independent oscillation systems in one set of a magnetic circuit, providing a diaphragm and a voice coil on both sides of a magnet respectively to reproduce good high-frequency sound -and good low-frequency sound.
  • the first diaphragm oscillates corresponding to the voice current and turns it into a sound wave which is transmitted outside through a rear sound hole for high-frequency sound.
  • a second diaphragm oscillates corresponding to a sound signal current which is conducted to a voice coil and turns it into the sound wave, which is transmitted outside from a sound pass through rear sound holes for low-frequency sound.
  • braking cloths control the flow of air to improve the frequency characteristic of a generated sound.
  • the sound output end i.e. the first diaphragm is facing to the front end of the housing which is worn within a cavum concha of the ear of the user.
  • the sound emitted from the sound output end of the loudspeaker is also directly entering the user's auditory canal.
  • the earphone comprises in a first case an earphone housing comprising a front portion with an earplug which is adapted for being hanged between a tragus and an antitragus of -an external ear, and a hood, which is a rear portion of the earphone housing, wherein a hollow sound chamber is defined in the hood, and a plurality of sound holes are spacedly distributed on the hood.
  • a loudspeaker is supported in said hollow sound chamber of said hood, said loudspeaker having a sound output end facing to said hood, i.e. opposite to the earplug, and a back end facing to said earplug of said ear phone housing.
  • the earphone housing has a front portion arranged for being hanged between a tragus and an antitragus of an external ear and is attached on a concha, and a rear portion.
  • Said earphone housing has accordingly a hollow sound chamber defined therein, and a plurality of sound holes are distributed on said front portion of said earphone housing.
  • a loudspeaker is supported in said hollow sound chamber of said earphone housing, said loudspeaker having a sound output end arranged facing to the rear portion of said earphone housing, i.e. opposite to the front portion of the earphone housing, and a back end arranged facing to said front portion of said earphone housing.
  • a conductive cord is connected at a bottom end of said earphone housing for transmitting electric current to said loudspeaker.
  • the earphone in the first case is arranged so that the hood is adapted to be exposed outside the external auditory canal.
  • the sound emitted by the loudspeaker through the sound holes is emitted against the antitragus and rebounded by it.
  • the earphone is arranged so that the sound emitted by the loudspeaker is emitted towards said rear portion of the earphone housing. Before passing through the sound holes the sound is rebounded by the inner wall of said rear portion of the earphone housing.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the human ear.
  • Fig. 2 is an assembly view of the malleus, the incus, and stapes of the middle ear.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the external ear.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the present invention hanged between the tragus and antitragus.
  • Fig. 5 is an elevation view of an earphone according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a partially sectional view of the earphone according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the housing of an earphone according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figs. 8A to 8C are the front, rear and side views of the earplug mounting ring according to the above second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the earphone connected with the earplug mounting ring according to the above second embodiment of the present invention.
  • an earphone without impulse noise for protection against conductive hearing loss in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises an earphone housing 40, a loudspeaker 50 mounted inside the earphone housing 40, and a conductive cord 60 connected to the loudspeaker 50.
  • a front portion of the earphone housing 40 provides an earplug 41 adapted to be hanged between the tragus 16 and the antitragus 15 of the external ear 10.
  • a rear portion of the earphone housing 40 has a hood 42, which defines a hollow sound chamber 43 therein.
  • the conductive cord 60 is connected at a bottom end of the earphone housing 40 for transmitting electric current to the loudspeaker 50.
  • a plurality of sound holes 44 are spacedly distributed on the hood 42 to enable the outside sound entering the earphone housing 40 therethrough.
  • the loudspeaker 50 is supported in the hollow sound chamber 43 of the hood 42.
  • the loudspeaker 50 has a sound output end facing to the hood 42, i.e. rear portion of the earphone housing 40. while another back end of the loudspeaker 50 facing to the earplug 41 of the earphone housing 40.
  • the sound output end of the loudspeaker 50 must be arranged opposite to the back of the earplug of the earphone housing 40.
  • the earphone housing 40 is worn on the user's ear by handing the earplug 41 between the tragus 16 and the antitragus 15 of the external ear 10, wherein the hood 42 of the earphone housing 40 is exposed outside the external auditory canal 17.
  • the loudspeaker 50 inside the earphone housing 40 emits sound through the sound holes 44 against the antitragus 15, the sound pressure is absorbed and rebounded by the antitragus 15, so that the whole ear is situated in the range of the sound field of the loudspeaker 50.
  • the tone quality received from the earphone of the present invention is the same as from the conventional earphone; however, the sound pressure does not directly impact upon the tympanic membrane 171 of the external auditory canal 17 while the instant impulse noise emitted in the process of playing music can be avoided, so that the conductive function of the middle ear 20 won't be damaged to influence the conductive hearing.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a second preferred embodiment of an earphone without impulse noise for protection against conductive hearing loss in accordance with the present invention, which also comprises an earphone housing 70 and a loudspeaker 50 installed therein.
  • a front portion of the earphone housing 70 is arranged to be hanged between the tragus 16 and the antitragus 15 of the ear and attached on the concha 14.
  • the earphone housing 70 has a hollow sound chamber 71 therein for receiving and holding the loudspeaker 50.
  • a plurality of sound holes 72 are distributed on the surface around the front portion of the earphone housing and a conductive cord 60 is connected at the bottom end for transmitting electric current to the loudspeaker 50.
  • the loudspeaker 70 also has a sound output end arranged facing to a back end of the earphone housing.
  • the loudspeaker 50 in the earphone housing 70 sounds, the sound pressure is emitted towards the back wall of the earphone housing 70 and rebounded by the inner wall of the back end of the earphone housing 70, so that the whole ear is situated within the sound field of the loudspeaker 50. Therefore, the tone quality received is the same to by the conventional earphone; however, the sound pressure won't have direct impact upon the tympanic membrane 171 of the external auditory canal 17 while the instant impulse noise emitted in the process of playing music can be avoided, so that the conductive function of the middle ear 20 won't be damaged to influence the conductive hearing.
  • a third preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated, which is an alternative mode of the above first preferred embodiment that the earplug 41 in the first embodiment is constructed as an independent component in this third embodiment, wherein an earplug body 80 is installed at a bottom end of the earphone housing 40.
  • the earplug body 80 provides a plug hook 81 extending downwardly from an upper portion thereof adapted to be hanged between the tragus 16 and the antitragus 15, and a ring seat 82 connected to a lower end thereof for mounting the earplug body 80 to a rear end of the earphone housing 40.
  • the earphone housing 40 can adjust its position upwards or downwards with respect to the ring seat 82 in order to fit the ear size of the user.
  • the present invention includes the following advantages:

Claims (5)

  1. Écouteur comprenant :
    un boîtier (40) d'écouteur comprenant une partie avant ayant un embout (41) auriculaire qui est adapté pour être suspendu entre un tragus (16) et un antitragus (15) d'une oreille externe (10), et un capot (40) qui est une partie arrière du boîtier (40) d'écouteur, une chambre (43) acoustique creuse étant définie dans le capot (42), et une pluralité de trous (44) sonores qui sont repartis sur le capot (42), à une certaine distance les uns des autres,
    un haut-parleur (50) qui est soutenu dans ladite chambre (43) acoustique creuse dudit capot (42), ledit haut-parleur (50) ayant une extrémité de sortie du son faisant face audit capot (42), c'est-à-dire, étant située à l'opposé de l'embout (41) auriculaire, et une extrémité arrière faisant face audit embout (41) auriculaire dudit boîtier (40) d'écouteur, et
    un cordon (60) conducteur qui est relié à une extrémité inférieure dudit boîtier (40) d'écouteur pour transmettre du courant électrique audit haut-parleur (50),
    caractérisé en ce que
    le capot (42) est adapté pour être exposé à l'extérieur du conduit (17) auditif externe de sorte que le son émis par le haut-parleur (50) à travers les trous (40) sonores soit émis vers l'antitragus (15) et qu'il soit répercuté par celui-ci, et qu'il ne heurte pas directement la membrane (171) du tympan du conduit (17) auditif externe.
  2. Écouteur selon la revendication 1,
    caractérise en ce que
    l'embout (41) auriculaire est formé solidairement à la partie avant du boîtier (40) d'écouteur.
  3. Écouteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'embout (41) auriculaire comprend un corps (80) d'embout auriculaire indépendant qui est monté à l'extrémité inférieure du boîtier (40) d'écouteur.
  4. Écouteur selon la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le corps (80) d'embout auriculaire met à disposition un crochet (81) d'embout s'étendant vers le bas à partir d'une partie supérieure du corps (80) d'embout auriculaire adaptée pour être suspendue entre le tragus (16) et l'antitragus (15), et une embase (82) annulaire reliée à une extrémité inférieure du corps (80) d'embout auriculaire pour monter le corps (80) d'écouteur à une extrémité arrière du boîtier (40) d'écouteur, le boîtier (49) d'écouteur étant capable d'ajuster une position du boîtier (49) d'écouteur vers le haut ou vers le bas par rapport à l'embase (82) annulaire.
  5. Écouteur comprenant :
    un boîtier (70) d'écouteur ayant une partie avant disposée de manière à être suspendue entre un tragus (16) et un antitragus (15) d'une oreille externe (10) et à être fixée sur un pavillon (14) d'oreille, et une partie arrière, ledit boîtier (70) d'écouteur ayant une chambre (71) acoustique creuse définie dans le boîtier (70) d'écouteur, et une pluralité de trous (72) sonores qui sont repartis sur ladite partie avant dudit boîtier (70) d' écouteur ;
    un haut-parleur (50) qui est soutenu dans ladite chambre (71) acoustique creuse dudit boîtier (70) d'écouteur, ledit haut-parleur (50) ayant une extrémité de sortie du son disposée face à la partie arrière dudit boîtier (70) d'écouteur, c'est-à-dire, à l'opposé de la partie avant du boîtier (70) d'écouteur, et une partie arrière disposée face à ladite partie avant dudit boîtier (70) d'écouteur, et
    un cordon (60) conducteur qui est relié à une extrémité inférieure dudit boîtier (70) d'écouteur pour transmettre du courant électrique audit haut-parleur (50),
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'écouteur est disposé de manière à ce que le son émis par le haut-parleur (50) soit émis vers ladite partie arrière du boîtier (70) d'écouteur et qu'il soit répercuté par la paroi interne de ladite partie arrière du boîtier (70) d'écouteur avant de traverser les trous (72) sonores, et qu'il ne heurte pas directement la membrane (171) du tympan du conduit (17) auriculaire externe.
EP99906740A 1998-02-16 1999-02-05 Ecouteur exempt de bruit impulsif et servant a la protection contre la surdite de conduction Expired - Lifetime EP1068771B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN98100529 1998-02-16
CNB981005292A CN1138447C (zh) 1998-02-16 1998-02-16 无传音性听力损失与冲击噪音之耳机
PCT/US1999/002446 WO1999041946A1 (fr) 1998-02-16 1999-02-05 Ecouteur exempt de bruit impulsif et servant a la protection contre la surdite de conduction

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1068771A1 EP1068771A1 (fr) 2001-01-17
EP1068771A4 EP1068771A4 (fr) 2006-07-05
EP1068771B1 true EP1068771B1 (fr) 2008-11-19

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99906740A Expired - Lifetime EP1068771B1 (fr) 1998-02-16 1999-02-05 Ecouteur exempt de bruit impulsif et servant a la protection contre la surdite de conduction

Country Status (13)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1068771B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3091406U (fr)
KR (1) KR100615827B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1138447C (fr)
AU (1) AU752648B2 (fr)
BR (2) BR7903454Y1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2320214C (fr)
DE (1) DE69939931D1 (fr)
HK (1) HK1033408A1 (fr)
ID (1) ID25924A (fr)
NO (1) NO326615B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2232486C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999041946A1 (fr)

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KR101427531B1 (ko) * 2013-07-17 2014-08-07 서울과학기술대학교 산학협력단 음압 감소를 위한 귀 장착형 음향 출력 장치
KR101427120B1 (ko) * 2013-08-23 2014-08-07 김철희 트라거스에 착용할 수 있는 이어폰
CN105245989A (zh) * 2015-10-26 2016-01-13 胡强 入耳式耳麦

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US9131310B2 (en) 2008-05-12 2015-09-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Hearing protector

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HK1033408A1 (en) 2001-08-24
RU2232486C2 (ru) 2004-07-10
KR100615827B1 (ko) 2006-08-25
CA2320214C (fr) 2006-04-25
CA2320214A1 (fr) 1999-08-19
ID25924A (id) 2000-11-09
WO1999041946A1 (fr) 1999-08-19
CN1138447C (zh) 2004-02-11
BR9907948A (pt) 2000-11-07
NO20004074D0 (no) 2000-08-15
BR7903454Y1 (pt) 2013-09-17
JP3091406U (ja) 2003-01-31
EP1068771A1 (fr) 2001-01-17
DE69939931D1 (de) 2009-01-02
KR20010034308A (ko) 2001-04-25
AU752648B2 (en) 2002-09-26
EP1068771A4 (fr) 2006-07-05
AU2657999A (en) 1999-08-30
NO326615B1 (no) 2009-01-19
CN1226797A (zh) 1999-08-25
NO20004074L (no) 2000-08-15

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