Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
  • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
  • E02D3/08—Improving by compacting by inserting stones or lost bodies, e.g. compaction piles
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
  • E02D13/06—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers for observation while placing
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
  • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
  • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
  • E02D3/054—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil involving penetration of the soil, e.g. vibroflotation
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
  • E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
  • E02D3/123—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil and compacting the soil
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/22—Piles
  • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
  • E02D5/46—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making in situ by forcing bonding agents into gravel fillings or the soil
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
  • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
  • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
  • E02D7/14—Components for drivers inasmuch as not specially for a specific driver construction

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for introducing a foreign substance into soils or for compacting the soil with a deep vibrator as a processing tool.
• the "free-running method” When working with deep vibrators, the "free-running method" is currently used, which means that the vibrator is attached to a cable excavator or a similar cable lifting device via a cable pulley or a hook or the leader guide.
• the leader guide has the advantage over the free-running method of restricting the degrees of freedom of the displaceability of the vibrating unit on a predetermined, preferably vertical line, so that foreign bodies (for example piles, gravel columns, drains) can be produced with the desired verticality. Elements with a predefined inclination from the vertical cannot be produced in a free-moving manner at all.
• EMPLOYMENT COPY necessary degrees of freedom of the deflection from the vertical direction of penetration to avoid damage to the device. As a result, the criterion of verticality of material columns in the ground is at least partially abandoned.
• the leader control allows not only pulling devices upwards, but also a downward pulling force on the vibrator with the help of a rope that is led over a capstan winch and attached twice to the leader carriage. These forces, which can be mobilized in addition to their own weight, significantly support the penetration of the vibrator into the ground and considerably accelerate the progress of the work, or make it possible to reach a desired depth in the first place.
• the advantage of the free-running method is that the high flexibility of the vibrating unit on the rope enables a much faster movement between the processing points, because in contrast to the leader device, only the mast has to be pivoted, but the entire device does not have to be moved.
• the free-moving method of the leader method is economically superior, since there is no need for auxiliary scaffolding and special constructions. Even in soft ground with insufficient load-bearing capacity for the heavy caterpillars of the broker vehicles (usually a kind of pile driver), the free-moving method is advantageous or the broker guidance is sometimes not possible. The floor is often softened just near the point of vibration and the load-bearing capacity is reduced. Just there, however, the greatest force of the caterpillars of the leader is applied.
• the earth-moving equipment for the free-riding method is less expensive and easier to obtain as rental equipment than the specialists required for the leader method.
• DE 22 60 473 C3 describes a device for creating material columns in the ground, in which a deep vibrator is arranged on a cantilever beam of a lifting device via a rod.
• a device for compacting the soil, in which a tubular vibration unit is attached to an arm of an excavator on an upper end face and can be placed on the soil by means of the arm. Due to vibrations of the vibrating unit, it sinks into the soil with compaction of the soil and is then pulled out and brought to the next position. In contrast to deep vibrators, it is not necessary for the vibration unit to be movable along a predetermined direction; corresponding means are therefore not provided.
• a trench compactor is known with an immersion vibrator arranged at a lower end of a linkage.
• the linkage is arranged on a boom of a hydraulic excavator that presses the vibrator into the ground at its place of use.
• the immersion vibrator remains stationary in the ground during the compaction process and is pulled out of the ground again after the compaction process has been completed.
• a movability of the immersion vibrator plays unlike deep vibrators, no role, corresponding means are therefore not provided.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a device for introducing a foreign substance into the soil and / or for compacting the soil, which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above.
• the device then has a sinking unit which has a deep vibrator and which is coupled to an articulated arm, a control device being provided by means of which the articulated arm can be controlled in such a way that the lowering unit can be moved linearly in its longitudinal direction in a predetermined direction.
• the arrangement of the lowering unit on the articulated arm guarantees the desired restriction of the degrees of freedom when the lowering unit moves compared to a device that functions according to the free-running method.
• the arrangement of the lowering unit on the articulated boom offers more freedom of movement insofar as the lowering unit can be introduced into the ground at various adjacent application points due to the mobility of the outrigger without having to move an earth-moving device carrying the articulated boom, as is necessary with devices that work according to the leader method.
• a control unit enables the sinking unit to be inserted straight into the floor vertically or at almost any angle.
• the boom is controlled by means of the control unit in such a way that the lowering unit can be inserted linearly in the longitudinal direction into the floor to create a material column without any transverse forces between the wall of the loading or unloading. already existing or arise from the insertion of the sink unit and the sink unit.
• an inclination sensor in the lowering unit.
• Sensor signals of the inclination sensor can be fed to the control unit of the jib boom in order to correct the articulated jib if the direction of movement of the lowering unit deviates from a predetermined direction.
• the lowering unit is advantageously coupled to the boom by means of a connecting piece, the connecting piece having at least one force sensor for detecting transverse forces between the connecting piece and the lowering unit.
• transverse forces arise, for example, if the articulated arm is tracked in the event of a deviation of the lowering unit from the specified direction. If the transverse forces on the connecting piece exceed a maximum permissible value, the connecting piece or the bracket can be damaged.
• Sensor signals of the at least one force sensor are fed to the control unit of the boom in order to abort the tracking of the boom if damage to the boom cannot be ruled out due to the transverse forces occurring.
• the articulated arm has a number of links, by means of which the control unit causes a linear movement of the lowering unit.
• the control unit causes a linear movement of the lowering unit.
• at least one these links a telescopic mechanism to achieve a variable length of the link.
• an extension tube of the lowering unit which preferably adjoins the deep vibrator at the top, with a variable length.
• the change in length is preferably carried out by means of a telescopic mechanism and allows the soil to be worked at greater depths.
• the maximum possible length of the countersink unit when it is introduced into the ground is limited by the boom to which the countersink unit is attached.
• a plurality of lowering units in particular in a triangular, star-shaped or square arrangement on the boom.
• a corresponding number of columns of material can be created in the floor in one work step.
• Figure 1 embodiment of a device according to the invention before the insertion of a sinking unit in the floor;
• FIG. 2 embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 with the lowering unit inserted into the floor;
• Figure 3 Block diagram of a control circuit of the device according to the invention.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 show a device according to the invention for introducing a foreign substance into the soil, in particular for creating columns of material in the soil, or for compacting the soil.
• the device has a lowering unit 22 which is arranged by means of a connecting piece 14 on a boom of a movable construction device 1 having three support members 2, 3, 4.
• the support members 2, 3, 4 are connected to one another in an articulated manner and each can be moved about the joints via hydraulic actuating cylinders 17, 18, 19.
• Another joint 16 is provided between the foremost support member 4 and the connecting piece 14, the connecting piece 14 being movable relative to the foremost supporting member 4 by means of a further hydraulic cylinder 20.
• the sinking unit In order to create columns of material or to compact the soil, the sinking unit, as shown in FIG. 2, is inserted into the soil. It is essential that the sink unit 22 only linearly in its both when it is inserted into the floor and when it is subsequently pulled out
• a control unit which controls the hydraulic adjusting cylinders 17, 18, 19, 20 and which matches the stroke paths of the adjusting cylinders 17, 18, 19, 20 when the lowering device 22 is raised and lowered so that the sinking device 22 maintains a predetermined angle with respect to the vertical or the floor surface and is not subject to any horizontal movement. This ensures that the friction between the countersink 22 is minimal both when it is introduced into the ground and when it is pulled out and that the countersink 22 is not subjected to any bending stress.
• the adjusting cylinder 20 adjusts the angle of the connecting piece 14 with respect to the front support member 4 via the joint 16 such that the lowering unit maintains a predetermined angle with respect to the vertical or the horizontal.
• the support members 2, 3, 4 are adjusted by the actuating cylinders 17, 18, 19 so that the starting point of the lowering unit 22 on the floor remains unchanged when lifting and lowering.
• the lowering device 22 has a filling funnel at an upper end for filling the material to be introduced into the ground.
• the material passes through a first shutter 6 in a lock chamber "15 and from there via a second shutter 7 via a material feed pipe 10 to the area of application of the material at the top of Versenkvoriques 22.
• a deep vibrator 12 In the lower region of the Versenkvoriques is a deep vibrator 12 with a vibrating tip 13 into which the material delivery pipe 12 opens for the material to exit.
• the leaked material is compacted by the deep vibrator 12, the sinking unit 22 being raised into the opening by the boom 2, 3, 4 with increasing material discharge, leaving a compacted material column there.
• the orientation of the material column corresponds to the orientation of the sinking unit 22 introduced into the floor.
• the columns according to the invention are used Device columns can be generated at almost any angle to the floor surface.
• An extension tube 8 is arranged between the deep vibrator 12 and the lock chamber 15, and its length is preferably variable.
• the length is adjusted, for example, using a telescopic mechanism.
• the sinking unit 22 must not exceed a maximum length, which is predetermined by the length of the boom 2, 3, 4, in order to enable vertical insertion into the ground.
• the described embodiment enables the extension tube 8 to be shortened in order to allow insertion into the ground and then to lengthen the extension tube 8 with increasing working depth.
• At least one of the support members 2, 3, 4 is preferably variable in length, which enables the use of a longer sinking unit 22 and thus the penetration into greater depths.
• an inclination sensor is advantageously provided in the vibrating unit 13, which detects the inclination of the lowering unit 22 with respect to the horizontal or vertical and which provides a sensor signal that the control unit of the articulated arm 2, 3, 4 can be fed. If the inclination of the lowering unit deviates from a predefined inclination, the articulated arm 2, 3, 4 is tracked in order to maintain the predefined inclination.
• the connecting piece 14 between the lowering unit 22 and the articulated arm 2, 3, 4 is preferably vibration-damping and has at least one force transducer for detecting torsional forces and / or transverse forces on the connection between the connecting piece 14 and articulated arm 2, 3, 4.
• the articulated arm 22 is long in a direction perpendicular to the direction of penetration until the desired direction of penetration is set.
• the countersinking unit 22 is subjected to a bending load which causes torsional forces on the connecting piece 14 or transverse forces acting perpendicular to the connecting surface of the connecting piece 14 and the countersinking unit 22. These forces, which can damage the connection or the articulated arm 2, 3, 4, are detected by the force sensors.
• Sensor signals provided by the force sensors are fed to the control unit of the articulated arm 2, 3, 4, the sensor signals being taken into account when the articulated arm 2, 3, 4 is moving, and the articulated arm 2, 3, 4 is only adjusted to correct the direction of penetration, as long as the occurring forces are below a permissible maximum value. If the constraining forces exceed the permissible value, the lowering process is stopped. The deviation of the lowering unit 22 from the ideal line can result from an obstacle located in the ground, which then makes a new lowering process necessary at an adjacent point.
• the sensor signals generated by the force sensors can also be used to track the transverse forces occurring in a direction perpendicular to the desired direction of movement of the lowering unit 22 until the transverse forces unite fall below the specified value. Avoiding excessive transverse forces is intended to damage the connection between
• Boom 2, 3, 4 and sinking unit 22 in particular in the area of the joint 16, through which the force is transmitted from the connecting piece 14 to the boom 22, can be prevented.
• the transverse forces can arise, for example, from obstacles in the ground which prevent the sinking unit 22 from advancing along a desired ideal line.
• a plurality of force sensors are arranged in a circle around the lowering unit 22 in the region of the connecting piece 14.
• FIG. 3 shows an example of a block diagram to illustrate the activation of the articulated arm 2, 3, 4 for moving the sinking unit 22 into the ground and for moving out of the ground after the sinking unit 22 has been positioned over the desired penetration point.
• a control unit 30 acts to move the articulated arm 2, 3, 4 on the hydraulic actuating cylinders 17, 18, 19, 20.
• the actuation of the actuating cylinders 17, 18, 19, 20 takes place in accordance with a control signal 34 which is issued by an actuating unit 32 is made available and this signals whether an up or down movement or no movement of the lowering unit
• the actuation unit 32 can be an actuation lever which is customary in excavators. Taking into account the current position of the actuating cylinders 17, 18, 19, 20, these are controlled in dependence on one another such that the lowering unit 22 is moved linearly in its longitudinal direction. An angle at which the sinking unit 22 is to penetrate into the floor is taken into account when actuating the actuating cylinders 17, 18, 19, 20.
• sensor signals 38 of an inclination sensor 36 arranged in the vibrating unit 13 and a sensor signal 42 of at least one force transducer 40 arranged in the region of the connector 14 are taken into account.
• the actuating cylinders 17, 18, 19, 20 are controlled so that the articulated arm 2, 3, 4 is adjusted perpendicular to the penetration direction.
• the forces occurring between the connecting piece 14 and the countersinking unit 22 are monitored and the penetration process or a further movement of the actuating cylinders is interrupted when the sensor signal 42 signals excessive forces. 12
• the control or regulation of the movement of the gel boom 2, 3, 4 as a function of the constraining forces when readjusting the direction of penetration is also important in order to prevent the extension tube 8 from being stressed by its flexural strength.
• the device according to the invention enables a rational and, in comparison to previous devices, inexpensive and rational procedure for introducing foreign substances into the soil or for compacting the soil.
• the use of a mobile hydraulic excavator 1, on the boom 2, 3, 4 of which the lowering unit 22 is attached, enables operations to be carried out in succession at different locations in a rational manner. Because the hydraulic excavator 1 is equipped with a slewing ring and the boom can be pivoted laterally, for example by means of a ball joint bearing, material columns can be introduced into the ground at adjacent locations without the excavator 1 having to be moved.
• the rigid boom 2, 3, 4 also prevents the sinking unit 22 from swinging when it is introduced into the ground.
• control device 32 actuating element 34 control signal

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Soil Sciences (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
• Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
• Soil Working Implements (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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• 1998
  • 1998-03-30 DE DE19814021A patent/DE19814021A1/de not_active Ceased
• 1999
  • 1999-03-30 US US09/647,403 patent/US6588987B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-03-30 DE DE59910663T patent/DE59910663D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-03-30 AT AT99915722T patent/ATE278069T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-03-30 AU AU34189/99A patent/AU3418999A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-03-30 ES ES99915722T patent/ES2228030T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-03-30 EP EP99915722A patent/EP1068402B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-03-30 CA CA002326651A patent/CA2326651C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-03-30 WO PCT/EP1999/002170 patent/WO1999050506A1/fr active IP Right Grant

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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