EP1048776B1 - Vorrichtung zum Reduzieren von Wasserhärte - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Reduzieren von Wasserhärte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1048776B1
EP1048776B1 EP00106621A EP00106621A EP1048776B1 EP 1048776 B1 EP1048776 B1 EP 1048776B1 EP 00106621 A EP00106621 A EP 00106621A EP 00106621 A EP00106621 A EP 00106621A EP 1048776 B1 EP1048776 B1 EP 1048776B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resins
container
space
movable
volume
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EP00106621A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1048776A3 (de
EP1048776A2 (de
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Carlo Carli
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T&P SpA
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T&P SpA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/4229—Water softening arrangements
    • A47L15/4231—Constructional details of the salt container or the ion exchanger
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/007—Arrangements of water softeners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for reducing water hardness (softener) suitable for utilization in a household washing machine, in particular a dishwasher, and a relevant manufacturing method thereof.
  • the household washing machines making use of water are equipped with a device for decalcifying of the washing and rinsing water, which is provided for reducing water hardness and avoid calcareous deposits.
  • a device for decalcifying of the washing and rinsing water which is provided for reducing water hardness and avoid calcareous deposits.
  • Such a device is also known as a water softener.
  • the calcareous deposit is the result of a remarkable amount of calcium (Ca++) and magnesium (Mg++) ions contained in the wash water and from the heating produced inside the machine during washing.
  • the decalcifier provide to exchange the calcium (Ca++) and magnesium (Mg++) ions of the water entering in the wash tub with sodium ions (Na+) contained in appropriate resins, placed in the decalcifier.
  • resins or other similar matter, hereafter called resins for simplicity's sake, become exhausted after a certain time of usage, i.e. they release their sodium ions (Na+) to be exchanged with the calcium (Ca++) and magnesium (Mg++) ions of the water; therefore when the resins are exhausted, the water flowing through the latter substantially maintain the same hardness as it had at the inlet.
  • a regeneration stage of the resins is performed to avoid this drawback; this consists in introducing a water and salt solution (NaCI) in the resins container.
  • NaCI water and salt solution
  • This stage is usually executed for every wash cycle, with a considerable quantity waste of salt, to be often introduced by the user; moreover, a higher water comsumption is also required.
  • Said sensors usually measure water resistivity and, from the results obtained, a control system will either enable or not resins regeneration.
  • Electrodes have to be immersed in water and electrically supplied. Even in case of a low voltage being applied to the sensors, this will always entail a risk, since the sensors are in direct contact with water.
  • Another aim of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting exhaustion of the ionic exchange resins, which is a safe and advantageous method.
  • Another aim of the present invention is to provide an advantageous manufacturing method of such a device for reducing water hardness.
  • Figg. 1 and 2 showing schematically a vertical section and cross section of a resins container, respectively, of a device for reducing water hardness according to the present invention
  • reference 1 indicates a resin container, which is mechanically and hydraulically connected to a salt container as required for resins regeneration, not shown in the Figg., both of them being part of a device D for reducing water hardness.
  • the softener D consists of three parts, which are hot-blade welded to each other after having inserted the various components inside them; with reference 2 is indicated an upper lid of the softener D, with reference 3 its lower portion, with reference 4 its main central portion and with reference 5 the water softening resins.
  • References 6 and 7 indicate an upper filter and a lower filter, respectively; reference 8 indicates the weld spot of all three parts forming the softener D.
  • Reference 9 indicates a cylindrical hollow column, or similar tubular element, suitable to be centrally inserted from the bottom, in the resins container 1 before being welded to its respective lower wall 3.
  • An end of the column 9 is closed by the portion of the filter 7 delimited by a projection 7A on the filter itself; the projection 7A, whose section has the same dimensions and shape of the section of column 9, will be welded to the lower edge of the column 9, when the lower portion 3 is welded to the main central part 4 of the softener D.
  • the column 9 has a set of ribs 10 (at least three) departing radially from the external surface of the column itself.
  • the ribs 10 have a height equal to about half the height of the column 9 and such a width to be inserted in special grooves 11 formed on the internal surface of the container 1 (see Fig. 2 in particular); thus, the column 9 is inserted in the middle and positioned correctly inside the container itself.
  • the height position of the column 9 inside the container 1 is delimited by the stop to the insertion of the ribs 10 in the grooves 11 due to the height size of the latter, said height position striking on the upper end of the grooves themselves.
  • the column 9 has slits 12 on both the external wall and bottom, which are apt to hydraulically connect the inside portion of the column 9 with the container 1.
  • the lid 2 of the container 1 delimits a central area 13, whose bottom has an opening 14 in line with the column 9.
  • Reference 15 indicates an elastic membrane fastened to the lid 2, so as to close the above opening 14.
  • the ring 16 besides maintaining the spring membrane 15 in position, is used for welding the edges of the opening 14 to the column 9, to avoid damaging the elastic membrane 15.
  • Reference 17 indicates an activation element shaped like a ferrule, which is assembled on a central position of the membrane 15 and integral with it.
  • the ferrule is made of dielectric material and as explained hereafter, it is apt for its motion by the membrane 15 between the parallel plates of a capacitive sensor 18.
  • Reference 19 indicates of the sample resins available in the column 9, which are similar to the resins contained in the container 1; according to the present invention, such sample resins are appropriately treated for their insertion in the column 9, according to procedures further described hereafter.
  • the present invention is based on the acknowledgement of two considerations as follows.
  • a first consideration is based on the principle that the normal resins utilized for reducing water hardness tend to change their volume following their exhaustion, which is a phenomenon occurring during, normal operation of the softening device.
  • a second consideration, reached by the authors of the present invention, is based on the principle that their volume can also be changed under particular concentrating conditions of the sodium ions (Na+) in the water solution surrounding them.
  • the resins consist of granules or tiny pearls, each one of them formed by a structure of polystyrene chains, substantially enwrapped to each other as a clew.
  • the various polystyrene chains are tied to each other by means of smaller di-vinylbenzene chains, on which are present sites (SO 4 -) where ions are apt to reside.
  • the polystyrene structure of the tiny resin pearls forms a substantially semi-permeable membrane, which is apt to let enter a portion of ions Na+ present in the water-salt solution surrounding it; also the remaining portion of ions Na+ outside the membrane tends to enter in the structure due to osmotic pressure, but in vain.
  • the resins When the resins are in their natural or virgin state, they already contain sodium ions (NA+) to be exchanged with the calcium ions (Ca++) and magnesium ions (Mg++) contained in the wash water.
  • NA+ sodium ions
  • Ca++ calcium ions
  • Mg++ magnesium ions
  • Sample resins 19, before being inserted in the column 9, are immersed in a water solution saturated with sodium chloride (NaCI), so as to reduce their volume as previously described.
  • NaCI sodium chloride
  • the amount of resins that can be inserted in the column 9 will be higher compared to the amount of untreated resins that may be inserted in it.
  • the elastic membrane 15 is then fastened to the lid 2, in line with the opening 14 of its central area 13; to obtain this fastening the peripheral edges of the membrane 15 are interposed between the lid 2 (along the edge of the opening 14) and the ring 16; then the screws V are tightened.
  • the column 9 is then filled with the resins treated to have a reduced volume according to the method previously described; at this point, in the body 4 equipped of the bottom 3 and the column 9, standard untreated softening resins are introduced.
  • the filter 6 is placed on the upper portion of the body 4 and, finally, the lid 2 will be welded.
  • the sample resins 19 cause a thrust inside the column 9, which can only extend upwards, since the lower section is closed by the filter portion 7 delimited by the projection 7A, causing a consequent distortion of the membrane 15 and a lifting of the ferrule 17 associated to it.
  • the senor 18 which is apt to detect a volume change of the resins as further described, is calibrated to this purpose according to currently known procedures.
  • This volume reduction which is about 7%, occurs both for the resins of the container 1 and for the sample resins 19 contained in the column 9, by virtue of the slits 12, which let the wash water flow through; a volume reduction of the latter causes the pressure exerted on the membrane 15 to be reduced; therefore the membrane can flexibly lower itself following the volume reduction of the sample resins.
  • the capacitive sensor 18 is connected to a suitable control system, not described as being currently known, which detects the capacity change depending on the position of the ferrule 17 between the plates of the sensor 18.
  • control system will start resins regeneration, which occurs according to currently known procedures.
  • This regeneration stage which consists substantially in supplying a water-salt solution to the container 1, obviously also concerns the sample resins 19, by virtue of the slits 12.
  • the capacitive sensor 18 is calibrated, for example, to have resins regeneration started when resins exhaustion has reached about 70%, which equals a well determined position of the ferrule 17 between the plates of the sensor 18.
  • control system of the washing machine will be prearranged to have the sensor 18 inhibited during the regeneration process.
  • the resins 19 contained in the column 9 not only perform their function of detecting the efficiency status of the softening device, but along with the sensor 18, they also contribute to the softening of the wash water.
  • the regeneration quality is not affected by the quantity of sample resins 19, since whatever their quantity will be, they are always utilized for regeneration purposes.
  • Such a solution permit to limit the overall dimensions of the resins container, since an external container for the sample resins is not required.
  • both the system and detection method of resins exhaustion in a washing machine are simple, not bulky and easy to achieve.
  • the device offers a high operating reliability, since resins exhaustion is detected by direct monitoring, i.e. without keeping water hardness under control, in which case the exhaustion degree of the resins themselves can only be deduced indirectly.
  • the resins container includes also a container recess for sample resins, produces a further operating ,efficiency of the device.
  • both the decalcifying resins and sample resins are in a condition of being submitted to the same water temperature and pressure conditions, thus bringing the resins exhaustion signal obtained by the sample resins nearer to reality.
  • an electric microswitch could be used instead of a capacitive sensor 18.
  • the ferrule 17 operates on the microswitch 20, whose switching can be utilized by the control system as a principle for enabling the start of a regeneration process; another implementation, in particular in the instance of washing machines with an electromechanical control system, consists in incorporating the microswitch 20 in the supply circuit of the solenoid valve for water intake control to the salt container; under normal conditions, the microswitch 20 will maintain the circuit open to hinder the opening of said solenoid valve and consequent execution of the regeneration stage; under conditions of exhausted resins, vice-versa, a switching of the microswitch 20 will cause the closure of the supply circuit of said solenoid valve to let water intake in the salt container, with a consequent supply of the regeneration solution (water-salt) to the container 1.
  • An implementation could eventually consist in replacing the membrane 15 with a suitable movable sealing element.
  • Another implementation for detecting a change of the resins volume may consist in using an optical sensor, such as a phototransistor, detecting the position of the ferrule 17.
  • the system may also be applied for detecting and signalling a lack of salt in the softener D.
  • the float system which is typical of the current art, is sufficiently reliable in causing a warning light to go off after salt refilling of the respective container by the user; vice-versa, such a float system is often a very rough system in signalling a lack of salt.
  • the basic idea of the suggested implementation is to utilize the information related to a volume change of the resins for determining a lack of salt.
  • the resins volume is also tied to a good operation of the brine used for resins regeneration.
  • the sensor detects at regeneration end that the resins volume has not gone back to its predetermined value, this means that the brine used has not enough salt concentration for a good regeneration.
  • control system of the machine may be provided for activating a warning light, which is apt to warn the user about the need of adding salt in the relevant container.
  • the signal for salt refilling is safe, simple and reliable.
  • the detection method described will also perform the function of signaling likely faults of the regeneration system.
  • the state of the sensor 18 may be utilized for controlling the duration time of the regeneration process.
  • the control system of the machine can be provided for stopping such a regeneration stage.
  • stopping the regeneration stage will mean a saving of water and salt.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Seasonings (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)

Claims (24)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Verringern der Wasserhärte, geeignet zur Verwendung in einem Haushaltswaschgerät, insbesondere einem Geschirrspüler, mit:
    - einem Behälter (1), in welchem ein erster Teil von Harzen (5), insbesondere des lonenaustauschtyps, aufgenommen ist, wobei der erste Teil der Harze (5) zum Verringern des Härtegrades des diese umspülenden Wassers vorgesehen ist,
    - einer Einrichtung zum Regenerieren der Enthärtungseffizienz der Harze (5),
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - ein zweiter Teil der Harze (19) in einem Raum (9) enthalten ist, welcher innerhalb des Behälters (1) abgegrenzt ist und zu dem Behälter (1) gehört, wobei eine Wand des abgegrenzten Raumes (9) ein bewegbares oder elastisches Element (15, 17) umfasst, wobei der abgegrenzte Raum (9) wenigstens teilweise von dem ersten Teil der Harze (5) umschlossen ist und hydraulisch mit dem zu enthärtenden Wasser derart kommuniziert, dass es dem zweiten Teil der Harze (19) möglich ist, zu dem Enthärtungsvorgang des Wassers beizutragen,
    - Volumenerfassungsmittel (15, 17, 18; 20) vorgesehen sind, welche dem abgegrenzten Raum (9) des Behälters (1) zugeordnet sind, und dem zweiten Teil der Harze (19), zum Erfassen einer Volumenänderung des zweiten Teils der Harze (19) durch Erfassen der Bewegung des bewegbaren oder elastischen Elements (15, 17), um den Betriebszustand der Harze (5, 19) zu erfassen.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Raum (9) hydraulisch mit einem weiteren Teil (4) des Behälters (1) kommuniziert, welcher den Raum (9) umgibt.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Raum (9) ein rohrförmiges Element (9), wie eine hohle zylindrische Säule, ist, welche an wenigstens einem Ende verschlossen ist.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Raum oder das rohrförmige Element (9) mittig in den Behälter (1) für die Harze eingesetzt ist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Raum oder das rohrförmige Element (9), das wenigstens einem Teil (15) der Volumenerfassungsmittel (15, 17, 18; 20) zugeordnet ist, vollständig mit dem zweiten Teil der Harze (19) gefüllt ist, wenn das Gerät (D) in Betrieb ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Volumenerfassungsmittel (15, 17, 18; 20) ein bewegbares oder elastisches Element (15, 17) umfassen, welches dem abgegrenzten Raum (9) des Behälters (1) zugeordnet ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegbare oder elastische Element (15, 17) eine Hülle (17) ist.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Volumenerfassungsmittel (15, 17, 18; 20) einen Sensor (18; 20) umfassen, welcher geeignet ist, um einen Versatz des bewegbaren oder elastischen Elements (15, 17) zu erfassen, wobei der Sensor (18; 20) insbesondere vom kapazitiven Typ und/oder vom optischen Typ und/oder ein elektrischer Schalter ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegbare oder elastische Element (15, 17) eine elastische Membran (15) umfasst.
  10. Vorrichtung nach wenigstens Anspruch 6 oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegbare oder elastische Element (15, 17) geeignet ist, seine eigene Form einer Volumenänderung des zweiten Teiles der Harze (19) folgend, welche in dem Raum oder rohrförmigen Element (9) eingeschlossen sind, zu ändern.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel (10, 11) für das Positionieren des rohrförmigen Elements oder der Säule (9) innerhalb des Behälters (1) vorgesehen sind.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Positionierungsmittel (10, 11) externe Rippen (10) des rohrförmigen Elements oder der Säule (9) umfassen, welche für ihre Kopplung mit Sitzen (11) ausgebildet sind, die in dem Gehäuse des Behälters (1), bevorzugt an den Innenwänden des letzteren, ausgebildet sind.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein unterer Teil des rohrförmigen Elements oder der Säule (9) durch einen auf einem Filter (7) vorhandenen Vorsprung (7A) verschlossen ist.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Raum (9) mit dem Behälter (1) durch Schlitze (12) hydraulisch kommuniziert, welche in seiner Außenwand und dem Boden vorhanden sind.
  15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegbare oder elastische Element (15, 17) an einem Deckel (2) des Behälters (1) befestigt ist, wobei insbesondere die Ränder des bewegbaren oder elastischen Elements (15, 17) zwischen einem Ring (16) und dem Deckel (2) zum Zweck der Befestigung eingefügt sind.
  16. Vorrichtung nach wenigstens einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Volumenerfassungsmittel, (15, 17, 18; 20) dem abgegrenzten Raum (9) und einem Steuerungssystem des Haushaltswaschgerätes zugeordnet sind, wobei das Gerät (D) eingebaut ist, um weiterhin eine Erschöpfung der Betriebseffizienz der Harze zu erfassen.
  17. Vorrichtung nach wenigstens einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Volumenerfassungsmittel (15, 17, 18; 20) einem Steuerungssystem eines Haushaltswaschgerätes zugeordnet sind, wobei das Gerät (D) zur Steuerung bei einem Salzmangel in dem Regenerationssystem der Harze und/oder Fehler des Systems durch die Erfassung der Volumenvariation des zweiten Teils der Harze (19) eingebaut ist.
  18. Steuerungsverfahren des Erschöpfungsgrades der Wasserenthärtungsharze (5) in einem Haushaltswaschgerät, insbesondere einem Geschirrspüler, von der Art, welche Regenerationsharze verwendet und ein Gerät zum Verringern der Wasserhärte gemäß einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche enthält, gekennzeichnet durch Bereitstellen der Erfassung der Volumenänderung des zweiten Teils der Harze (19), welcher von zu enthärtendem Wasser überspült wird, um den Erschöpfungsgrad der Enthärtungsleistung des zweiten Teils der Harze (19) und/oder einen Mangel an Salz in dem Regenerationssystem und/oder einen Fehler in dem Wasserenthärtungssystem zu erfassen.
  19. Steuerungsverfahren nach dem vorherigen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erfassung der Volumenänderung durch die Erfassung einer physikalischen Zustandsänderung des zweiten Teils der Harze (19) durch eine Änderung der Position und/oder Form eines bewegbaren oder elastischen Elements (15) ausgeführt wird, welches wenigstens teilweise einen Raum (9) begrenzt, der den zweiten Teil der Harze (19) enthält, wobei die Änderung der Position und/oder Form des bewegbaren oder elastischen Elements (15) durch die Volumenänderung des zweiten Teils der Harze (19) bestimmt ist und durch ihm zugeordnete Sensormittel (18; 20) erfasst wird.
  20. Steuerungsverfahren nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Teil der Harze (19) einer Behandlung zur Verringerung seines Volumens vor dem Einbringen in den abgegrenzten Raum (9) des Behälters (1) unterworfen wird, wenn das Gerät (D) zusammengebaut wird, wobei die Behandlung in Eintauchen des zweiten Teiles der Harze (19) in ihrem unbehandelten Zustand in eine mit Natriumchlorid (NaCl) gesättigte Lösung besteht.
  21. Steuerungsverfahren nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Teil der Harze (19) einer Reinigungsbehandlung mit enthärtetem Wasser unterworfen wird, um sie in ihren ursprünglichen Zustand nach dem Einschließen in den abgegrenzten Raum (9) des Behälters (1) während des Zusammenbaus des Gerätes (D) zu versetzen, wobei insbesondere die Reinigungsbehandlung mit dem zusammengebauten Gerät (D) ausgeführt wird.
  22. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18 und/oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn ein Harzzustandsdetektor der Volumenerfassungsmittel (15, 17, 18; 20) nicht einen voreingestellten Schwellwert nach einer Regenerationsstufe für das Gerät (D) erreicht, während der Erfassung der Volumenänderung des zweiten Teils der Harze (19) dem Gerät (D) zugeordnete Signalmittel aktiviert werden, um einem Benutzer die Notwendigkeit des Hinzufügens von Salz in einer zugehörigen Öffnung des Gerätes (D) zum Ausführen einer nachfolgenden, effizienten Harzregenerationsstufe ausführen.
  23. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18 und/oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn der Zustand der Harze nach einer Harzregenerationsstufe für das Gerät (D) nicht einen vorbestimmten Schwellwert erreicht, Mittel, welche einen derartigen Fehler anzeigen, aktiviert werden.
  24. Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensormittel (18; 20) die Steuerung der Zeitdauer eines Harzregenerationsvorgangs für das Gerät (D) auszuführen.
EP00106621A 1999-03-30 2000-03-28 Vorrichtung zum Reduzieren von Wasserhärte Expired - Lifetime EP1048776B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1999TO000248A IT1307228B1 (it) 1999-03-30 1999-03-30 Dispositivo per l'abbattimento della durezza dell'acqua(dolcificatore) dotato di sensore di esaurimento resine e relativo
ITTO990248 1999-03-30

Publications (3)

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EP1048776A2 EP1048776A2 (de) 2000-11-02
EP1048776A3 EP1048776A3 (de) 2001-04-18
EP1048776B1 true EP1048776B1 (de) 2006-05-17

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EP00106621A Expired - Lifetime EP1048776B1 (de) 1999-03-30 2000-03-28 Vorrichtung zum Reduzieren von Wasserhärte

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US (1) US6436293B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1048776B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE326568T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60027954T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2263410T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1307228B1 (de)
TR (1) TR200000878A3 (de)

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ITTO20020122A1 (it) * 2002-02-12 2003-08-12 Bitron Spa Apparecchio decalcificatore provvisto di mezzi indicatori dell'esaurimento delle resine scambiatrici di ioni.
NZ518288A (en) 2002-04-10 2004-09-24 Fisher & Paykel Appliances Ltd Washing appliance water softner
JP4252065B2 (ja) * 2003-04-21 2009-04-08 スングァン カンパニー リミテッド 軟水器
DE502004003220D1 (de) * 2003-05-19 2007-04-26 Guenter Biechele Vorrichtung für die wasserenthärtung
GB2403719A (en) * 2003-07-07 2005-01-12 Reckitt Benckiser Nv Water-softening method
CN100336734C (zh) * 2003-09-28 2007-09-12 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 洗碗柜中的洗涤水处理装置
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ES2263410T3 (es) 2006-12-16
EP1048776A3 (de) 2001-04-18
TR200000878A2 (tr) 2000-11-21
DE60027954T2 (de) 2007-04-26
TR200000878A3 (tr) 2000-11-21
ATE326568T1 (de) 2006-06-15
US6436293B1 (en) 2002-08-20
ITTO990248A1 (it) 2000-09-30
IT1307228B1 (it) 2001-10-30
EP1048776A2 (de) 2000-11-02
DE60027954D1 (de) 2006-06-22

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