EP1037300B1 - Transformateur radiofréquence et son utilisation - Google Patents

Transformateur radiofréquence et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1037300B1
EP1037300B1 EP00400288A EP00400288A EP1037300B1 EP 1037300 B1 EP1037300 B1 EP 1037300B1 EP 00400288 A EP00400288 A EP 00400288A EP 00400288 A EP00400288 A EP 00400288A EP 1037300 B1 EP1037300 B1 EP 1037300B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
line
lines
levels
ports
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00400288A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1037300A1 (fr
Inventor
Olivier Danet
Cyril Didier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TCT Mobile Ltd
Original Assignee
TCT Mobile Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TCT Mobile Ltd filed Critical TCT Mobile Ltd
Publication of EP1037300A1 publication Critical patent/EP1037300A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1037300B1 publication Critical patent/EP1037300B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is an asymmetrical symmetrical radiofrequency transformer known as balun and its use. Its field of application is that of the processing of radio frequency signals, and more particularly that of mobile telephony.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce the size of such a transformer, made in printed lines on a main board, in order to reduce the cost price.
  • transformers by their nature have fixed dimension characteristics. These transformers are seen as reciprocal passive octopoles (four accesses). Each access is respectively connected to an output by a line. One of the accesses is connected to a mass, whereas on a second access is applied a high frequency signal of amplitude A. Two signals are recovered at the output, each on an output, having an amplitude A / k, and phase shifted by ⁇ degrees. The factors k and ⁇ are respectively determined by the distance between each of the lines constituting the transformer and by the length and the width of each of these lines. Conversely, two amplitude signals A / k and phase shifted by ⁇ degrees are output to recover, on the second port, a signal of amplitude 2A / k. The physical dimensions of the components of the transformer are imposed by the phase shift ⁇ . As a result, such a transformer has a minimal bulk.
  • RF transformers contain a substrate plate of insulating material. Each of the lines making up the transformer is placed on one of the faces of the substrate plate. These lines have parallel paths that are either a straight line or a loop, in order to save the surface. The lines are thus made at two levels, on either side of the substrate. These transformers are also sometimes made from a coaxial cable. The two coupled lines are then constituted by the core and the shielding of the coaxial cable. The surface congestion problem is then grafted a space congestion problem.
  • the realization of a mobile phone may require the use of several RF transformers. If they are made using coaxial cables for example, they take up space and thickness, which can affect the design and cost of the mobile phone. If other solutions are chosen, the thickness problems can be solved but the surface used by the transformers can not be Used for other functions, the size of the mobile phone will increase.
  • the invention solves these problems by providing a high frequency transformer on at least four levels.
  • the four levels are, for example, metallization levels of a multilayer printed circuit.
  • the printed circuit has six levels. Making the transformer on four levels is not a problem for used printed circuit boards, since the majority of mobile phones already use printed circuit boards with six-level technologies.
  • the surface area of the transformer according to the invention on printed circuits is then greatly reduced. Using the inner layers of a multilayer circuit frees the surface where surface components are implantable.
  • GB-A-2311417 discloses a high frequency transformer comprising a first pair of ribbons and a second pair of ribbons. Each pair constitutes an electromagnetic coupler composed of two ribbons separated by a dielectric sheet.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a transformer in a modulator or demodulator of a mobile phone.
  • Figure 1 shows a transformer according to the invention.
  • the transformer comprises a first main line 1 composed of two sections 2 and 4 of lines connected together by a hole 3 metallized. Hole 3 is represented by a coil because of its inductive effect. This inductive effect is also present for the other holes.
  • Line 2 section to an origin 5 and an end 6 of line.
  • the line section 4 has an origin 7 and an end 8 of line.
  • the hole 3 connects the sections 2 and 4 by their respective ends 6 and 7.
  • the origin 5 of the line section 2 is considered as the origin of the line 1.
  • the end 8 of the line section 4 is considered as the port output of line 1.
  • Figure 1 also shows a line 9 comprising elements numbered 10 to 16 similar to the elements of the line 1 respectively numbered from 2 to 8.
  • this transformer comprises a winding lines on a cylinder.
  • a turn of this winding is performed on a level.
  • the turns of the two cylindrical lines of the transformer are interlaced. The transition from one level to another for a line takes place elsewhere than the transition from one level to another for another line. In this way, the lines are never shorted.
  • each of the lines has a length of ⁇ / 4, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the frequency, in the dielectric, to which the radiofrequency transformer must function.
  • the cylinder has a square section. From its origin line 1 extends in a direction D over a length of ⁇ / 4/15. Then line 1 rotates 90 degrees in the counterclockwise direction and extends over a length of ⁇ / 4 / 7.5. It rotates 90 ° counterclockwise again to extend a distance of ⁇ / 4 / 7.5. These four extensions extend from the end 5 to the end 6 on a level.
  • An extension in L is the fact that, for the line, it rotates at an angle of 90 ° in the trigonometric direction and then extends over a distance L.
  • the line carries out an extension in L of length ⁇ / 4/7, 5 to reach the end 6 of the line section.
  • the ends 6 and 7 are vertical to each other and connected by the hole 3. From the end 7 the line 1 extends on a second level in the direction D over a length of ⁇ / 4 / 7.5. Then she made two extensions in ⁇ / 4 / 7.5 followed by two extensions in ⁇ / 4/15. Line 1 thus extends in total over a length of ⁇ / 4 and on two levels.
  • the origin 13 of the line 9 is located on a third level vertically and below the origin 5 of the line 1. From its origin 13 the line 9 extends over a distance ⁇ / 4/15 in a direction D. Then she performs two extensions in ⁇ / 4 / 7.5. Then an extension over a distance slightly less than ⁇ / 4 / 7.5, to arrive at the end 14. It is indeed necessary to prevent the line 9 does not meet the hole 3 belonging to the line 1, which would create a short -circuit.
  • the end 15 is on a fourth level vertically and below, in the example chosen, the end 14. From the end 15 the line 9 extends in a straight line to be at the vertical of the ends 6 and 7 of the line 1.
  • Line 9 extends in the direction D over a length ⁇ / 4 / 7.5. Then performs two extensions of ⁇ / 4 / 7.5 followed by two extensions of ⁇ / 4/15. Line 9 also has a length of ⁇ / 4 and also extends over two levels.
  • the ends 8 and 16 of lines 1 and 9 should be slightly offset from each other. They are close to each other in front of ⁇ / 4. They are located inside the loops drawn by the path of lines 1 and 9.
  • the recovery of signals on these lines can only be done through holes 17 and 18 metallized, and drilled from the ends 8 and 16. These ends 8 and 16 should not be vertical to each other nor to the line to which they do not belong because the holes 17 and 18 must meet no line in their path.
  • the other ends of the holes 17 and 18 are ports 19 and 20 which make it possible to recover the signals present respectively on the ends 8 and 16.
  • the line 1 extends in planes P1 and P3
  • the line 9 extends in planes P2 and P4.
  • the ports 19 and 20 are preferably in a plane P5 located below the planes P1 to P4.
  • the planes are stacked in an order, from the highest to the lowest P1, P2, P3, P4 and then P5.
  • lines 1 and 9 are wound on a cube.
  • the lines could be wound on a circular cylinder or any other geometric element of constant section and having a vertical axis.
  • the ports 19 and 20 could be in any plane. It would be sufficient for this reason that the last extension of lines 1 and 9 should not be done at an angle of 90 ° in the trigonometrical direction, but at an angle of 90 ° in the clockwise direction. This would allow the positioning of the ports 19 and 20 in any other plane, from P1 to P5, but this would result in an increase in the area required for the implementation of the high frequency transformer.
  • Figure 1 also shows a plane 21 of triangular mass and contained in the plane P2.
  • One end of the ground plane 21 is connected to the input port 13 of the line 9. Because of its large surface, the plane 21 makes it possible to bring the mass to the port 13 by limiting spurious effects.
  • the distance between the planes P1, P2, P3 and P4 is determined by the coupling factor k that one wishes to obtain, it also varies according to the dielectric included between the planes. As a rule it is weak compared to ⁇ / 4.
  • the planes are equidistant.
  • a transformer according to the invention can be implanted as a discrete component on a printed circuit.
  • the invention preferably it is made directly in the printed circuit.
  • a multilayer circuit is used, that is to say a circuit which can be seen as a stack of several plates of the same substrate, or a different substrate. Between each plate can be drawn tracks. Thus, with five stacked substrate plates, a six-layer circuit is obtained. The different substrate plates can be pierced with holes, each of these holes being metallizable. It is therefore possible to implant a high frequency transformer according to the invention in such a circuit.
  • To make it a discrete component simply cut the interesting circuit and put it in a housing by bringing out the four ports of the transformer by tracks connected to legs of the housing. This makes it possible to implant the component obtained on a circuit.
  • the difficulty in the technology that has just been described lies in the production of holes that pass through only certain plates of the substrate. Such holes do not completely penetrate in FIG. 1 with the holes 3 and 11.
  • the hole 3 is in the vertical of the section 12 of the line
  • the hole 11 is in the vertical of the section 10 of line.
  • Figure 2 shows how to make these holes through holes, that is to say through all the plates of the substrate.
  • the passages from one tower to another are made by choosing a different cylinder for a line of the one chosen for another line. If necessary, the two cylinders are different from each other only by a small stall.
  • FIG. 2 shows for this purpose a line 21 comprising a line segment 22, a hole 23 and a line section 24 similar to line 1 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 also shows a line 25 comprising a line segment 26 , a hole 27 and a section of line 28.
  • Line 21 has an origin 29, and the line 25 has an origin 30 located vertically from the origin 29.
  • the line 25 extends from its origin 30 in a direction D of length ⁇ / 4/15 and then two extensions of length ⁇ / 4 / 7.5 followed by an extension of a length slightly less than ⁇ / 4 / 7.5.
  • the line 25 makes a gap of a very small length in front of ⁇ / 4 / 7.5, in order to deviate from the vertical of the line section 22 at the end 31 of the section 26 of line 25
  • One end 32 of the section 28 of line is located vertically from the end 31. From the end 32, the line 25 extends in a direction perpendicular to the section of the section 24 in contact with the hole 23 from line 21 until it is vertical to the latter. Then the line 25 extends in a direction D over a length slightly less than ⁇ / 4 / 7.5 then performs two extensions in ⁇ / 4 / 7.5, then two extensions in ⁇ / 4/15. This leads to an end 33 of the line 25.
  • the line 21 has an end 34.
  • the signals are recovered on the ports 33 and 34 in a manner identical to that described for Figure 1, for the ports 8 and 16.
  • the way in which the hole 27 is offset relative to the line 21 makes it possible to make the holes 23 and 27 in an emergent manner, thus to save on the final cost of the circuit containing one or more transformers according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of use of transformers according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a local oscillator 301 connected to a phase-shifter 302.
  • the phase-shifter 302 outputs two signals corresponding to the local oscillator but phase-shifted relative to each other by 90 °.
  • An output of the phase shifter 302 is connected to an input 304 of a first transformer 303 according to the invention.
  • a second input 305 of the transformer 303 is connected to a ground.
  • the transformer 303 provides on an output 306 a signal corresponding to that of the oscillator 301, and on an output 307 a signal corresponding to that of the oscillator 301 but phase shifted by 180 ° relative thereto.
  • a second output of the phase shifter 302 provides a phase-shifted signal of 90 ° corresponding to that of the oscillator 301.
  • This output is connected to a first input 309 of a second transformer 308 according to the invention.
  • a second input 310 of the transformer 308 is connected to a ground.
  • a first output 311 of the transformer 308 provides a signal corresponding to that of the oscillator 301 phase-shifted by 90 ° with respect thereto.
  • a second output 312 of the transformer 308 provides a signal corresponding to that of the oscillator 301 but out of phase by 270 ° with respect thereto.
  • the outputs 306, 307, 311 and 312 are connected to a modulator 313.
  • the modulator 313 also receives a signal I 314 and a signal Q 315. These I and Q signals are obtained in a known manner in a mobile phone. From all the signals supplied to it, the modulator 313 produces, in a known manner, a radiofrequency signal 316. This radiofrequency signal is then transmitted by the mobile telephone.
  • the use of the invention is all the more interesting that two transformers are needed. Being able to incorporate them into a printed circuit of this mobile phone helps to increase the compactness and reduce the size of this mobile phone.
  • FIG. 4 shows a first transformer 401 according to the invention.
  • an RFE radio frequency input signal is applied while a second port 403 is connected to a ground.
  • an output 405 of the transformer 401 delivers an amplitude signal A1 equal to half the amplitude of the input signal and in phase with this signal.
  • An output 404 of the transformer 401 delivers an amplitude signal A1 180 ° out of phase with the input signal.
  • the ports 402 to 404 correspond respectively to the ports 5, 13, 20 and 19.
  • the outlets 404 and 405 are connected simultaneously to the mixers 406 and 407.
  • FIG. 4 also shows a second transformer 408 according to the invention.
  • a signal delivered by a local oscillator 413 is applied on a first port 409 of the transformer 408, a signal delivered by a local oscillator 413 is applied.
  • a second port 410 of the transformer 408 is connected to a ground.
  • an output 411 of the transformer 408 delivers a signal 180 ° out of phase with the signal of the local oscillator 413 and of amplitude A2 equal to half the amplitude of the signal delivered by the oscillator 413.
  • An output 412 of the transformer 408 delivers a signal of amplitude A2, in phase with the signal delivered by the oscillator 413.
  • the accesses 409 to 412 respectively correspond to the accesses 5, 13, 20 and 18.
  • the outputs 411 and 412 are connected to a quadratic generator 414.
  • the role of the generator 414 is to phase out by 90 ° the signals submitted to it.
  • the generator 414 delivers, by separate ports, signals whose amplitude is a fraction, or a multiple, of the amplitude of the signal delivered by the oscillator 413, and having phases of 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° with respect to the signal of the oscillator 413, are respectively S0, S90, S180 and S270 these signals.
  • the ports of the generator 414 delivering the signals S90 and S270 are connected to the mixer 406, the ports of the generator 414 delivering the signals S0 and S180 are connected to the mixer 407.
  • the mixer 406 delivers signals + I and -I, the mixer 407 delivers signals + Q and -Q. These signals are demodulated signals available for subsequent processing, in a mobile phone for example.
  • the signals S90 and S270 delivered by the generator 414 are also applied to inputs of a mixer 415.
  • the mixer 415 receives signals + I and -I, obtained in a known manner.
  • the mixer 415 then delivers two radiofrequency signals phase-shifted relative to each other by 180 ° and one of the two signals having a phase zero with respect to the signal delivered by the oscillator 413.
  • the signal having the null phase is applied on an access 420 of a third transformer 417 according to the invention.
  • the other signal is applied to an input 421 of the transformer 417.
  • the signals S0 and S180 delivered by the generator 414 are applied to inputs of a mixer 416.
  • the mixer 416 receives signals + Q and -Q, obtained in known manner.
  • the mixer 416 then delivers two radiofrequency signals 180 ° out of phase with each other and one of the two signals having a phase zero with respect to the signal delivered by the oscillator 413.
  • the signal having the null phase is applied to an access 420 of the transformer 417.
  • the other signal is applied to an input 421 of the transformer 417.
  • An output 419 of the transformer 417 is connected to a ground.
  • the ports 418 to 421 respectively correspond to the ports 5, 13, 19 and 20.
  • the transformer 417 delivers an RFS radiofrequency signal via an output 418.
  • a device such as that of Figure 4 can be used in a mobile phone for example.

Landscapes

  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Production Of Multi-Layered Print Wiring Board (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Amplitude Modulation (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
EP00400288A 1999-03-11 2000-02-03 Transformateur radiofréquence et son utilisation Expired - Lifetime EP1037300B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9902994 1999-03-11
FR9902994A FR2790871B1 (fr) 1999-03-11 1999-03-11 Transformateur radiofrequence et son utilisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1037300A1 EP1037300A1 (fr) 2000-09-20
EP1037300B1 true EP1037300B1 (fr) 2006-06-14

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00400288A Expired - Lifetime EP1037300B1 (fr) 1999-03-11 2000-02-03 Transformateur radiofréquence et son utilisation

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US6600910B1 (es)
EP (1) EP1037300B1 (es)
JP (2) JP5273692B2 (es)
AT (1) ATE330335T1 (es)
AU (1) AU1498700A (es)
DE (1) DE60028632T2 (es)
ES (1) ES2265882T3 (es)
FR (1) FR2790871B1 (es)
HU (1) HUP0000782A2 (es)
PT (1) PT1037300E (es)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6437658B1 (en) * 2001-05-22 2002-08-20 Triquint Semiconductor, Inc. Three-level semiconductor balun and method for creating the same
US6806558B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2004-10-19 Triquint Semiconductor, Inc. Integrated segmented and interdigitated broadside- and edge-coupled transmission lines
JP2006510330A (ja) * 2002-10-24 2006-03-23 ヘルスピア カンパニー，リミテッド 移動通信端末機用機能性バッテリパックおよびその連結用コネクタ

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59223004A (ja) * 1983-06-02 1984-12-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 平衡・不平衡変換装置
US5184103A (en) * 1987-05-15 1993-02-02 Bull, S.A. High coupling transformer adapted to a chopping supply circuit
JP2817460B2 (ja) * 1991-07-24 1998-10-30 株式会社村田製作所 積層チップトランス
JPH05101938A (ja) * 1991-10-03 1993-04-23 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 積層型コイル及びその製造方法
JP2898814B2 (ja) * 1992-02-25 1999-06-02 株式会社日立製作所 印刷インダクタ付き多層配線板
US5576590A (en) * 1994-07-26 1996-11-19 Nec Corporation Piezoelectric ceramic transformer
JP3248373B2 (ja) * 1994-12-02 2002-01-21 株式会社村田製作所 積層型コイル部品
JP3106942B2 (ja) * 1995-12-28 2000-11-06 株式会社村田製作所 Ｌｃ共振部品
JP2990652B2 (ja) * 1996-03-22 1999-12-13 株式会社村田製作所 積層型バルントランス
JPH09260146A (ja) * 1996-03-27 1997-10-03 Hitachi Metals Ltd 高周波用積層バルーントランス
JP3087648B2 (ja) * 1996-04-22 2000-09-11 株式会社村田製作所 積層型ｌｃフィルタ
JPH10233813A (ja) * 1996-12-16 1998-09-02 Murata Mfg Co Ltd ４相位相変換器
FI103614B (fi) * 1997-03-20 1999-07-30 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Vaiheistus- ja balansointielin
JPH1154336A (ja) * 1997-08-04 1999-02-26 Tdk Corp チップ型分配トランス

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5273692B2 (ja) 2013-08-28
EP1037300A1 (fr) 2000-09-20
ATE330335T1 (de) 2006-07-15
JP2010279055A (ja) 2010-12-09
DE60028632D1 (de) 2006-07-27
JP2000306737A (ja) 2000-11-02
FR2790871A1 (fr) 2000-09-15
US6600910B1 (en) 2003-07-29
AU1498700A (en) 2000-09-14
ES2265882T3 (es) 2007-03-01
PT1037300E (pt) 2006-11-30
FR2790871B1 (fr) 2007-03-09
DE60028632T2 (de) 2007-05-16
HUP0000782A2 (hu) 2000-10-28
HU0000782D0 (en) 2000-04-28

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