EP1026313A2 - Band für Maschinen zur Herstellung von Materialbahnen - Google Patents
Band für Maschinen zur Herstellung von Materialbahnen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1026313A2 EP1026313A2 EP99123453A EP99123453A EP1026313A2 EP 1026313 A2 EP1026313 A2 EP 1026313A2 EP 99123453 A EP99123453 A EP 99123453A EP 99123453 A EP99123453 A EP 99123453A EP 1026313 A2 EP1026313 A2 EP 1026313A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strength members
- fabric
- band according
- threads
- filling material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/60—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the warp or weft elements other than yarns or threads
- D03D15/67—Metal wires
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/10—Wire-cloths
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
- Y10S162/901—Impermeable belts for extended nip press
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
- Y10S162/902—Woven fabric for papermaking drier section
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24777—Edge feature
Definitions
- the invention relates to a belt for machines for the production of material webs, especially paper webs.
- the tape is made of a composite material is produced, which is a preferably elongated strength members manufactured fabric includes, in which spaces between the reinforcements at least partially with a filler are filled.
- the tape Due to the connection of strength members and filler material can - compared to full metal strips - the weight of the invention Band can be reduced without losing stability and firmness of the tape. Furthermore, the tape is due to the invention Composite material much more flexible.
- the invention In principle, tape can be made in any width, which can also be more than 2 m. Another advantage is that the Manufacturing costs are lower than for strips made of full metal.
- the invention also makes it possible to change the proportion of the reinforcement the surface quality of the total surface and in particular the thermal conductivity of the tape and thus its Adjust heat transfer behavior in a targeted manner. Overall, the Invention thus an easy to use, inexpensive and versatile usable tape created.
- the composite material is at least essentially fluid impermeable.
- the tape according to the invention can be used as a sealing tape in dry areas e.g. used by paper machines. That the gaps Filling material in the fabric prevents moisture from the material or paper web to be dried, which is replaced by a Drying room, e.g. from the heated area a drying cylinder and the band according to the invention is limited, is passed through, can escape into the environment in an uncontrolled manner.
- bead-like thickenings are provided in the edge regions, which are preferred are formed by the reinforcement of the fabric.
- the band according to the invention is provided with integrated sealing beads, which are also formed in the manufacture of the fabric can.
- the sealing beads which can be made of metal or plastic, seal together with the heated surface and that between the sealing beads lying area of the belt the above-mentioned drying area for the material web to be dried compared to the environment from. Separate seals are therefore not necessary according to the invention.
- the reinforcements are interwoven.
- the fabric formed here can be comparatively simply manufactured and targeted and reproducible with each desired properties.
- the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by the features of the independent process claim and in particular by the fact that from preferably elongated strength members, in particular metal threads, a fabric is made and Gaps between the strength members at least partially a filling material, especially with plastic.
- the fabric is immersed in liquid filling material.
- the fabric is soaked with the filling material, so to speak which makes the gaps particularly easy and fast Way to be filled and the fluid tightness of the strength members and the filling material hardened in the final state Composite material can be produced.
- the fabric After immersing in the filling material, excess material, that covers the surfaces of the fabric, is smeared, to expose the reinforcement that forms the respective surface.
- the fabric can be treated in such a way that the reinforcement and the filling material located between the reinforcements form at least approximately smooth surfaces.
- the band 10 according to the invention shown in the figure comprises a flat Metal mesh made of interwoven metal threads 12, 14, 16 as reinforcement, which is preferably made of stainless steel or bronze are. Basically, according to the invention can also be made from different Metals existing threads are processed into a tape.
- the cross-sectional shape of the strength members can in principle be arbitrary be chosen, the cross section over the length of the reinforcement can be both constant and vary.
- the strength members indicate e.g. an approximately circular cross-section, but can also for example, be strip or ribbon-shaped and e.g. one Cross section in the form of a flat rectangle with rounded corners exhibit.
- Mixed cross-sectional shapes of the reinforcement within a band 10 are possible according to the invention.
- threads 16 each run in pairs by compartments formed by threads 12, 14 running perpendicular thereto.
- any weaving method can be used according to the invention be made from the metal threads or narrow strips or strips 12, 14, 16 to produce a sheet-like fabric with the desired width.
- the threads 12, 14, 16 serve as a carrier for the plastic 18.
- the surfaces of the belt 10 are horizontal from those in the figure extending threads 12, 14 formed.
- the threads 16 running in pairs can be arranged in this way the plastic 18 be embedded that an intimate connection between the threads 16 and the plastic material 18, which is the fluid impermeability of the band 10 ensures.
- the invention can Volume 10 can also be made such that even without a intimate connection between reinforcements and plastic material the fluid tightness is guaranteed, namely by a flat Tapes due to self-sealing effect.
- an interstice Fabric is made arbitrarily and especially depending selectable from the desired properties of the fabric. Prefers however, becomes flat by a weaving process from metal threads Made of metal mesh, its weave according to the respective requirements is chosen.
- the metal threads can be processed in this way or woven together be that the fabric is essentially closed metallic Has surfaces between which the filling material, in particular Plastic, is arranged.
- the proportion of the filling material or So plastic on the entire surface of the belt is very much small or negligible.
- the Metal threads 12, 14, 16 with each other according to the respective weaving process interwoven to serve as a skeleton of volume 10 to produce metallic fabrics.
- This metal mesh is then dipped in a liquid plastic bath to fill the gaps to fill in the tissue.
- the belt can 10 a final treatment e.g. by grinding the belt surfaces be subjected.
- the preferred application of the tape according to the invention is use as a sealing tape in dry areas of paper machines.
- the sheet-like fabric can be produced in such a way that that protrudes at least in one direction in the edge regions bead-like thickenings are present, which are not shown in the figure are.
- sealing beads can e.g. made by weaving the metal threads and thus also trained in the manufacture of the flat fabric become. It is also possible to put the sealing beads on the surface of the surface fabric to form plastic material.
- the sealing beads can also be from another, neither for the reinforcement still used for the filling material or a material mixture or a composite material.
- the belt according to the invention is a drying device of the paper machine, e.g. a drying cylinder with a heatable surface, together with the paper web to be dried and an or several sieves fed so that the tape, the two sealing beads of the belt and the heated surface of the drying cylinder Drying space extending over part of the circumference of the drying cylinder limit.
- the drying room is located in this drying room Paper web as well as the sieves.
- the paper web can be placed directly on the drying cylinder rest while the sieves between the paper web and the sealing tape according to the invention are arranged.
- the side sealing beads of the Belt either directly on the drying cylinder or on one on the Sieve lying on the cylinder surface.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- 10
- Band
- 12, 14
- Metallfäden
- 16
- Metallfäden
- 18
- Kunststoffmaterial
Claims (18)
- Band für Maschinen zur Herstellung von Materialbahnen, insbesondere Papierbahnen, das aus einem Verbundmaterial hergestellt ist, welches ein aus bevorzugt langgestreckten Festigkeitsträgern (12, 14, 16) angefertigtes Flächengebilde umfaßt, in welchem Zwischenräume zwischen den Festigkeitsträgern (12, 14, 16) zumindest teilweise mit einem Füllmaterial (18) gefüllt sind.
- Band nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Festigkeitsträger (12, 14, 16) aus einem Material hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit, insbesondere aus Metall, bevorzugt aus rostfreiem Stahl und/oder Bronze, hergestellt sind. - Band nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Festigkeitsträger in Form von Fäden, insbesondere Metallfäden (12, 14, 16), vorgesehen sind. - Band nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Festigkeitsträger (12, 14, 16) einen zumindest näherungsweise kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen und/oder in Form von insbesondere schmalen Streifen und/oder Bändern vorgesehen sind. - Band nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zumindest einige der Festigkeitsträger jeweils eine über ihre Länge variierende Querschnittsform aufweisen. - Band nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß als Füllmaterial (18) Kunststoff vorgesehen ist. - Band nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Verbundmaterial zumindest im wesentlichen fluidundurchlässig ist. - Band nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in den Randbereichen insbesondere wulstartige Verdickungen vorgesehen sind, die von den Festigkeitsträgern (12, 14, 16) des Flächengebildes, dem Füllmaterial (18) und/oder zumindest einem weiteren Material oder wenigstens einer Materialmischung gebildet sind. - Band nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß auf wenigstens einer Seite von den Festigkeitsträgern (12, 14, 16) eine zumindest im wesentlichen geschlossene Oberfläche gebildet ist. - Band nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß auf wenigstens einer Seite die Festigkeitsträger (12, 14, 16) und das Füllmaterial (18) eine zumindest näherungweise glatte Oberfläche bilden. - Band nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Flächengebilde als Sieb ausgebildet ist. - Band nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Festigkeitsträger (12, 14, 16) miteinander verwoben sind. - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bandes insbesondere nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, bei dem aus bevorzugt langgestreckten Festigkeitsträgern (12, 14, 16), insbesondere Metallfäden, ein Flächengebilde angefertigt wird und Zwischenräume zwischen den Festigkeitsträgern (12, 14, 16) zumindest teilweise mit einem Füllmaterial (18), insbesondere mit Kunststoff, gefüllt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Flächengebilde in flüssiges Füllmaterial (18) getaucht wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 13 oder 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Flächengebilde mit flüssigem Füllmaterial (18) besprüht wird. - Verfahren nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß nach der Behandlung mit insbesondere flüssigem Füllmaterial (18) die Oberflächen des Flächengebildes geglättet werden und/oder das Flächengebilde einer abschließenden Oberflächenbehandlung insbesondere durch Schleifen der Oberflächen unterzogen wird. - Verfahren nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Oberflächen des Flächengebildes bedeckendes Füllmaterial (18) entfernt, insbesondere abgestrichen, und/oder in die Zwischenräume gestrichen wird. - Verfahren nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Festigkeitsträger (12, 14, 16) miteinander verwoben werden, wobei bevorzugt das Webverfahren jeweils in Abhängigkeit von der gewünschten Oberflächenbeschaffenheit, insbesondere von dem gewünschten Wärmedurchgangsverhalten, gewählt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19900989 | 1999-01-13 | ||
| DE19900989A DE19900989A1 (de) | 1999-01-13 | 1999-01-13 | Band für Maschinen zur Herstellung von Materialbahnen |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1026313A2 true EP1026313A2 (de) | 2000-08-09 |
| EP1026313A3 EP1026313A3 (de) | 2001-05-09 |
| EP1026313B1 EP1026313B1 (de) | 2005-04-13 |
Family
ID=7894112
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99123453A Expired - Lifetime EP1026313B1 (de) | 1999-01-13 | 1999-11-25 | Band für Maschinen zur Herstellung von Materialbahnen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7005045B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1026313B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19900989A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1333120B1 (de) | 2002-02-01 | 2004-10-27 | Thomas Josef Heimbach GmbH & Co. | Papiermaschinenbespannung, insbesondere Pressfilz |
| DE10204356C1 (de) | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-07 | Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef | Papiermaschinenbespannung, insbesondere Preßfilz sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Papiermaschinenbespannung |
| DE10204357B4 (de) * | 2002-02-01 | 2006-10-26 | Thomas Josef Heimbach Gmbh & Co. | Preßfilz |
| JP2007519834A (ja) * | 2004-01-30 | 2007-07-19 | ボイス ペ−パ− パテント ゲ−エムベ−ハ− | 最新式脱水システム |
| DE102005035030A1 (de) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-02-01 | Bhs Corrugated Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh | Maschine zur Herstellung einer mindestens einseitig kaschierten Wellpappebahn |
| DE102006022235A1 (de) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-15 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Papiermacher-Trockensieb |
| DE102008043919A1 (de) | 2008-11-20 | 2010-05-27 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Papiermaschinenbespannung und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| DE102009045213A1 (de) | 2009-09-30 | 2011-03-31 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Papiermaschinenbespannung |
| DE102011080666A1 (de) | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-14 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Bespannung |
| EP4053332A1 (de) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-09-07 | Voith Patent GmbH | Papiermaschinenbespannung und verfahren zur herstellung davon |
Family Cites Families (40)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US340335A (en) * | 1886-04-20 | Paper-making machine | ||
| US1794624A (en) * | 1926-12-24 | 1931-03-03 | Kastner Richard | Metallic cloth for paper-making machines |
| US1873949A (en) * | 1930-01-29 | 1932-08-30 | Harrison R Williams | Paper drying means |
| US2110388A (en) * | 1932-04-29 | 1938-03-08 | Eduard V Asten | Porous textile fabric |
| US1925917A (en) * | 1932-06-07 | 1933-09-05 | Otto T Chalon | Paper press belt |
| US2718791A (en) * | 1950-12-02 | 1955-09-27 | Lindsay Wire Weaving Co | Edge reinforcement for paper-making woven wire belts and the method of applying the reinforcement |
| US3077925A (en) * | 1960-01-26 | 1963-02-19 | Raybestos Manhattan Inc | Suction box belt |
| US3067779A (en) * | 1960-02-04 | 1962-12-11 | Draper Brothers Company | Electroconductive papermaker's felt |
| GB1058616A (en) * | 1964-01-31 | 1967-02-15 | Henry Johnson | Fourdrinier wires for paper-making machines |
| SE313242B (de) * | 1965-05-21 | 1969-08-04 | Karlstad Mekaniska Ab | |
| GB1117953A (en) * | 1966-01-28 | 1968-06-26 | Johnson Wire Works Ltd | Fourdrinier wire belt |
| US3518104A (en) * | 1966-07-22 | 1970-06-30 | Monsanto Co | Coated casting belt |
| US3652390A (en) * | 1970-02-10 | 1972-03-28 | Kimberly Clark Co | Papermaking drainage fabric and stock inlet combination for producing even edged paper web |
| US3612256A (en) * | 1970-04-06 | 1971-10-12 | Uniroyal Inc | Conveyor belt and fabric therefor |
| DE2319593B2 (de) * | 1973-04-18 | 1976-09-23 | Becker & van Hüllen Niederrheinische Maschinenfabrik, 4150 Krefeld | Presspolster fuer heizplattenpressen |
| US4015038A (en) * | 1973-11-30 | 1977-03-29 | Albany International Corporation | Novel high temperature resistant fabrics |
| AT358913B (de) * | 1978-05-30 | 1980-10-10 | Hutter & Schrantz Ag | Sieb fuer papiermaschinen |
| US4251928A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1981-02-24 | Asten Group Inc. | Metal impregnated dryer fabric |
| US4224372A (en) * | 1978-12-26 | 1980-09-23 | Albany International Corp. | Paper machine clothing having controlled internal void volume |
| US4486490A (en) * | 1979-01-29 | 1984-12-04 | Hexcel Corporation | Electrically conductive prepreg materials |
| US5238537A (en) * | 1981-09-15 | 1993-08-24 | Dutt William H | Extended nip press belt having an interwoven base fabric and an impervious impregnant |
| GB2106555B (en) * | 1981-09-15 | 1985-10-02 | Albany Int Corp | Improvements relating to extended nip dewatering presses and to the manufacture of belts for use in such presses |
| FR2513281B1 (fr) * | 1981-09-24 | 1985-07-26 | Albany Int Corp | Presse pour extraire l'eau d'une pate a papier et procede de fabrication d'une courroie pour une telle presse |
| FI75620C (fi) * | 1982-04-01 | 1988-07-11 | Tampella Oy Ab | Laongzonspress foer en pappersmaskin. |
| GB2128548A (en) * | 1982-10-21 | 1984-05-02 | Mateline Automation Limited | Conveyor belts |
| US4944820A (en) * | 1988-04-08 | 1990-07-31 | Beloit Corporation | Method for making a blanket for an extended nip press |
| NZ234490A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-12-23 | Albany Int Corp | Extended nip press belt having liquid extraction channels in its outer surface |
| DE4115816A1 (de) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-19 | Voith Gmbh J M | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von pressbaendern, insbesondere fuer papiermaschinen sowie hiermit hergestellte pressbaender |
| US5212010A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1993-05-18 | Ketema, Inc. | Stabilizing fabric with weave reinforcement for resin matrices |
| US5196092A (en) * | 1991-09-25 | 1993-03-23 | Albany International Corp. | Reinforcement of coated surfaces of lnp belts |
| US5314325A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1994-05-24 | Kenneth Bosler | Apparatus for continuous vacuum forming of a hot plasticized material on a moving flat forming surface |
| US5506033A (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1996-04-09 | Wangner Systems Corporation | Dryer fabric edge seal |
| US5731059A (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1998-03-24 | Wangner Systems Corporation | Dryer fabric having an abrasion resistant edge |
| US5591525A (en) * | 1994-04-07 | 1997-01-07 | Shakespeare | Polymeric cable |
| US5449548A (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1995-09-12 | Bowen, Jr.; David | Table, reduced permeability papermaker's fabrics containing fibers with fins designed to distort at lower force levels by having a reduced cross sectional area within the fin |
| DE29510307U1 (de) * | 1995-06-24 | 1996-10-24 | Württembergische Filztuchfabrik D. Geschmay GmbH, 73035 Göppingen | Gewebeband |
| GB9521299D0 (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1995-12-20 | Scapa Group Plc | Papermakers dryer fabric |
| US5651394A (en) * | 1996-02-02 | 1997-07-29 | Huyck Licensco, Inc. | Papermakers fabric having cabled monofilament oval-shaped yarns |
| US5753085A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1998-05-19 | Albany International Corp. | Textile substrate for a long nip press belt |
| US6251331B1 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2001-06-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process and apparatus for making papermaking belt using fluid pressure differential |
-
1999
- 1999-01-13 DE DE19900989A patent/DE19900989A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-11-25 EP EP99123453A patent/EP1026313B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-25 DE DE59911904T patent/DE59911904D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-01-13 US US09/482,263 patent/US7005045B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59911904D1 (de) | 2005-05-19 |
| EP1026313B1 (de) | 2005-04-13 |
| US7005045B1 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
| DE19900989A1 (de) | 2000-07-27 |
| EP1026313A3 (de) | 2001-05-09 |
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