EP1004823A2 - Dämpfungsvorrichtung zur Reduzierung der Schwingungsamplitude akustischer Wellen für einen Brenner - Google Patents
Dämpfungsvorrichtung zur Reduzierung der Schwingungsamplitude akustischer Wellen für einen Brenner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1004823A2 EP1004823A2 EP99810950A EP99810950A EP1004823A2 EP 1004823 A2 EP1004823 A2 EP 1004823A2 EP 99810950 A EP99810950 A EP 99810950A EP 99810950 A EP99810950 A EP 99810950A EP 1004823 A2 EP1004823 A2 EP 1004823A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burner
- fuel
- damping device
- helmholtz resonator
- air mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2210/00—Noise abatement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators
Definitions
- the invention relates to a damping device according to the preamble of claims 1 and 10.
- Combustion chamber pulsations which form in the form of acoustic waves, are known and tries to suppress it with suitable constructive measures.
- Combustion chamber pulsations which form in the form of acoustic waves
- Afterburner systems in aircraft engines so-called backwashed pinholes used as walls, both for Cooling the wall as well as damping the unwanted acoustic Serve waves.
- Such backwashed pinholes are also used in conventional gas turbine combustors, who basically perform the same task in these, namely cooling of the combustion chamber wall and targeted suppression of acoustic vibrations developing within the combustion chamber.
- combustion chambers themselves are increasingly free of pollutant emissions Cooling air inlets designed in the combustion chamber, because all the air for the low-emission combustion is required. This execution causes by the reflective walls have a very low acoustic attenuation, so that such Combustion chambers are often provided with additional damping elements.
- the damping elements usually work on the principle of the so-called Helmholtz resonators.
- Helmholtz resonators are basically volume elements, whose resonance behavior can be set so that they mechanical or acoustic waves with certain frequencies that they pass through, targeted damping.
- Helmholtz resonators in the so-called Combustion chamber dome arranged next to the actual burner, whereby on the one hand the amplitude of the acoustic wave can be weakened, however it is not possible the direct influence of the burner on the creation to completely reduce acoustic waves in this way.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a damping device Reduction of the vibration amplitude of acoustic waves for a burner for operating an internal combustion engine, preferably for driving a gas turbine group, which usually provides a mixing area in which an air and Fuel flow mixed into a fuel / air mixture are provided as well as a combustion chamber, which is in the flow direction of the fuel / air mixture is subordinate to the mixing area in which the fuel / air mixture is flammable, such that any within the Burner acoustic vibrations almost completely suppressed should be.
- the damping device according to the invention should be possible offer a subsequent installation in existing internal combustion engines and easy adjustment of the resonance behavior to the respective burner enable.
- a damping device for reducing the vibration amplitude acoustic waves for a burner for operating an internal combustion engine further developed according to the preamble of claim 1, that a Helmholtz resonator so directly with the mixing area of the burner is connected that the acoustic waves forming in the burner in Helmholtz resonator suppressed and not reflected back into the burner.
- the idea on which the invention is based is the direct integration of a Helmholtz resonators in the burner itself, so that inside the burner acoustic waves generated by the Helmholtz resonator which over the Mixing area directly connected to the combustion chamber itself is complete can be swallowed. This way the inside of the burner occurring acoustic waves are no longer reflected because the burner conditionally thanks to the integrated Helmholtz resonator volume in the burner has an acoustically adapted rear wall on which the acoustic waves can no longer be reflected back.
- This adjustment can also be done using of a Lamba / 4 volume can be achieved, as is explained in more detail below Explanation is coming.
- the damping element is preferably in the form of a Helmholtz resonator arranged directly at the top of the conical burner.
- the Helmholtz resonator can either be closed on one side or for the Passage of supply air and / or fuel must be formed.
- a fuel supply line which is particularly useful for the starting phase the burner is provided and is usually referred to as a pilot gas line is attached between the burner and the Helmholtz resonator.
- a pilot gas line is attached between the burner and the Helmholtz resonator.
- the Helmholtz resonator relative to Burner is movable longitudinally. This can be done, for example, via a telescope trained connecting line to the burner or in the simplest case via a screw thread, through which an individual spacing between Helmholtz resonator and burner entry is possible.
- the Helmholtz resonator itself, the volume of the Helmholtz resonators provide adjusting elements that also change the resonance behavior of the Helmholtz resonator can be individually adjusted can.
- the Helmholtz resonator is preferably located as close as possible to or even at in the burner itself. To avoid any irritation of the flow with regard to the combustion air in the mixing area of the burner, it is advantageous to that the Helmholtz resonator outside a burner hood surrounding the burner is appropriate. Provisions can also be made that the Helmholtz resonator also in an integrated design within the burner housing is attached without affecting the combustion air flow.
- a Helmholtz resonator for damping acoustic vibrations within a burner are not restricted to burner types, which provide a mixing area formed in the manner described; burner types with the damping element according to the invention can also be used be equipped with no swirl-generating central body within of the burner.
- FIG. 1 shows a highly schematic cross-sectional representation through a Burner, which is described in detail, for example, in EP 0 321 809 B1 is.
- a conical mixing area 2 Immediately adjacent to the combustion chamber 1 is a conical mixing area 2, on its internal structure and mode of operation not at this point is discussed for further details on the aforementioned European Reference printed.
- a Helmholtz resonator 4 At the top of the cone-shaped Mixing area 2 is a Helmholtz resonator 4 directly via a feed line 3 provided that over an open volume with the mixing area 2 and the Combustion chamber 1 is connected.
- the inside of the combustion chamber 1 and the Mixing area 2 emerging acoustic waves can be used with the help of a suitable Helmholtz resonators matched to the resonance behavior of the burner 4 can be damped in a targeted manner.
- a reflection of acoustic waves, the burner shape shown in Figure 1 from left to right in the The interior of the Helmholtz resonator 4 are specifically attenuated there not reflected back inside the burner.
- the Helmholtz resonator 4 has two opposite ones Openings so that this is from a mass flow, for example Air or fuel flow can be enforced.
- the burner can be equipped with a pilot gas feed line 5 preferably arranged between the Helmholtz resonator 4 and the mixing region 2 is.
- FIG. 1 In contrast to the burner shape according to FIG. 1, the one shown in FIG Burner a V-shaped central body 6, which also like that conical mixing area 2 for the targeted mixing of combustion air 8 and fuel serves. Even in the case of the burner according to Figure 2 is immediate in front of the central body 6 via a feed line 3, a Helmholtz resonator 4 for targeted Damping acoustic waves is provided. Optional, also in this case, An additional pilot gas supply line 5 can be provided.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 3 sees a cavity resonator relative to the burner 4 before, the longitudinally displaceable within the feed line 3 opposite the mixing area 2 is displaceable. This way, without much additional A targeted resonance adjustment can be carried out.
- the Helmholtz resonator 4 adjusting elements not shown in detail, through which the resonator volume of the Helmholtz resonator 4 can be changed can.
- the embodiment provides 3 shows the arrangement of the Helmholtz resonator 4 outside the housing 7 before.
- Such an external arrangement of the Helmholtz resonator 4 relative to the housing 7 serves in particular an undisturbed combustion supply air flow within the mixing area 2 within the housing 7, albeit the acoustic damping behavior essentially through the Helmholtz resonator 4 is determined.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- Kombination eines Brenners mit kegelförmig ausgestalteten Mischbereich und einem Helmholtz-Resonators,
- Fig. 2
- Kombination eines Brenners mit kegelförmig ausgestaltetem Zentralkörper und einem Helmholtz-Resonator, sowie
- Fig. 3
- Kombination eines Brenners mit einem längsverschieblichen relativ zum Mischbereich angeordneten Helmholtz-Resonator.
- 1
- Brennkammer
- 2
- kegelförmig ausgebildeter Mischbereich
- 3
- Verbindungsleitung
- 4
- Helmholtz-Resonator
- 5
- Pilotgaszuleitung
- 6
- doppel-kegelartig ausgebildeter Zentralkörper
- 7
- Brennergehäuse
- 8
- Verbrennungsluftstrom
Claims (10)
- Dämpfungsvorrichtung zur Reduzierung der Schwingungsamplitude akustischer Wellen für einen Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, vorzugsweise zum Antrieb einer Gasturbogruppe, mit einem Mischbereich (2), in dem eine Luft- und Brennstoffströmung zu einem Brennstoff-/Luft-Gemisch miteinander vermischt werden, und einer Brennkammer (1), die in Strömungsrichtung des Brennstoff-/Luft-Gemisch dem Mischbereich (2) nachgeordnet ist, in der das Brennstoff-/Luft-Gemisch entzündbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Helmholtz-Resonator (4) derart unmittelbar mit dem Mischbereich (2) des Brenners verbunden ist, daß die sich im Brenner ausbildenden akustischen Wellen im Helmholtz-Resonator (4) unterdrückt und nicht in den Brenner zurückreflektiert werden.
- Dämpfungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Helmholtz-Resonator (4) in Strömungsrichtung des Brennstoff-/Luft-Gemisches vor dem Mischbereich (2) angeordnet ist.
- Dämpfungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brenner einen kegelförmig ausgebildeten Mischbereich (2) vorsieht, an dessen größten Durchmesser die Brennkammer (1) anschließt und an dessen Spitze der Helmholtz-Resonator (4) angebracht ist.
- Dämpfungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen Helmholtz-Resonator (4) und Mischbereich (2) eine Brennstoffzuleitung (5) und/oder Öldüsen vorgesehen ist.
- Dämpfungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennstoffzuleitung (5) für das Einspeisen von Pilotgas vorgesehen ist.
- Dämpfungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Helmholtz-Resonator (4) relativ zum Mischbereich (2) verschiebbar angeordnet ist, um eine Frequenzabstimmung bei geschlossenem Volumen des Helmholtz-Resonators (4) zu ermöglichen.
- Dämpfungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den Brenner ein Gehäuse (7) umgibt.
- Dämpfungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Helmholtz-Resonator (4) innerhalb oder außerhalb des Gehäuses (7) angeordnet ist.
- Dämpfungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mischbereich (2) als Drallerzeuger ausgebildet ist, innerhalb dem sich ein um eine Achse wirbelndes Brennstoff-/Luft-Gemisch ausbildet.
- Dämpfungsvorrichtung zur Reduzierung der Schwingungsamplitude akustischer Wellen für einen Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, vorzugsweise zum Antrieb einer Gasturbogruppe, mit einem Mischbereich (2), in dem eine Luft- und Brennstoffströmung zu einem Brennstoff-/Luft-Gemisch miteinander vermischt werden, und einer Brennkammer (1), die in Strömungsrichtung des Brennstoff-/Luft-Gemisch dem Mischbereich (2) nachgeordnet ist, in der das Brennstoff-/Luft-Gemisch entzündbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Reduzierung der Schwingungsamplitude akustischer Wellen ein Lambda/4-Wellenrohr einsetzbar ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19851636 | 1998-11-10 | ||
DE19851636A DE19851636A1 (de) | 1998-11-10 | 1998-11-10 | Dämpfungsvorrichtung zur Reduzierung der Schwingungsamplitude akustischer Wellen für einen Brenner |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1004823A2 true EP1004823A2 (de) | 2000-05-31 |
EP1004823A3 EP1004823A3 (de) | 2000-11-29 |
EP1004823B1 EP1004823B1 (de) | 2003-08-20 |
Family
ID=7887191
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99810950A Expired - Lifetime EP1004823B1 (de) | 1998-11-10 | 1999-10-20 | Dämpfungsvorrichtung zur Reduzierung der Schwingungsamplitude akustischer Wellen für einen Brenner |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6370879B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1004823B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4511658B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1151344C (de) |
DE (2) | DE19851636A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1342952A1 (de) * | 2002-03-07 | 2003-09-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brenner, Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners und Gasturbine |
EP1342953A1 (de) | 2002-03-07 | 2003-09-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gasturbine |
EP2474784A1 (de) | 2011-01-07 | 2012-07-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verbrennungssystem für eine Gasturbine mit einem Resonator |
DE102016220210A1 (de) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Resonator |
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GB2396687A (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-06-30 | Rolls Royce Plc | Helmholtz resonator for combustion chamber use |
ITTO20031013A1 (it) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-06-17 | Ansaldo Energia Spa | Sistema di smorzamento di instabilita' termoacustiche in un dispositivo combustore per una turbina a gas. |
EP1559874B1 (de) * | 2004-02-02 | 2013-07-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Diffusor und Turbine |
US7464552B2 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2008-12-16 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Acoustically stiffened gas-turbine fuel nozzle |
US7334408B2 (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2008-02-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Combustion chamber for a gas turbine with at least two resonator devices |
CN100535816C (zh) * | 2005-02-28 | 2009-09-02 | 罗斯蒙德公司 | 用于过程诊断的过程连接装置和方法 |
US20060218902A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-05 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Burner assembly for particulate trap regeneration |
DE102005035085B4 (de) * | 2005-07-20 | 2014-01-16 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur Einstellung der akustischen Eigenschaften einer Brennkammer |
EP1762786A1 (de) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Dämpfung thermo-akustischer Schwingungen, insbesondere in einer Gasturbine |
DE102005050029A1 (de) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-04-19 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Resonatorvorrichtung für eine Brennkammer, Brennkammer und Verfahren zur Einstellung der akustischen Eigenschaften einer Brennkammer |
US7788926B2 (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2010-09-07 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Resonator device at junction of combustor and combustion chamber |
US8127546B2 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2012-03-06 | Solar Turbines Inc. | Turbine engine fuel injector with helmholtz resonators |
US8898036B2 (en) | 2007-08-06 | 2014-11-25 | Rosemount Inc. | Process variable transmitter with acceleration sensor |
US8028512B2 (en) | 2007-11-28 | 2011-10-04 | Solar Turbines Inc. | Active combustion control for a turbine engine |
US20100005804A1 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2010-01-14 | General Electric Company | Combustor structure |
CH699322A1 (de) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-15 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren zum einstellen eines helmholtz-resonators sowie helmholtz-resonator zur durchführung des verfahrens. |
RU2508506C2 (ru) | 2009-09-01 | 2014-02-27 | Дженерал Электрик Компани | Способ и установка для ввода текучей среды в камеру сгорания газотурбинного двигателя |
EP2383515B1 (de) * | 2010-04-28 | 2013-06-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brennersystem zur Dämpfung eines solchen Brennersystems |
US9127837B2 (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2015-09-08 | Carrier Corporation | Low pressure drop, low NOx, induced draft gas heaters |
CN102252729A (zh) * | 2011-06-08 | 2011-11-23 | 张仲生 | 一种测量不规则物体体积的装置和方法 |
EP2559945A1 (de) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brennanordnung und Turbine mit Dämpfeinrichtung |
ITMI20122265A1 (it) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-06-29 | Ansaldo Energia Spa | Gruppo bruciatore per una turbina a gas provvisto di risonatore di helmholtz |
CN104595928B (zh) * | 2015-01-23 | 2020-02-14 | 北京华清燃气轮机与煤气化联合循环工程技术有限公司 | 扩散燃烧室声学火焰筒 |
US10393384B2 (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2019-08-27 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. | Wave rotor with canceling resonator |
US10145561B2 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-12-04 | General Electric Company | Fuel nozzle assembly with resonator |
US20180094816A1 (en) * | 2016-10-03 | 2018-04-05 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Injector resonator for a gas turbine engine |
US10520187B2 (en) | 2017-07-06 | 2019-12-31 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Burner with baffle |
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CN115780227B (zh) * | 2022-10-27 | 2024-08-16 | 西北核技术研究所 | 基于亥姆霍兹共振腔的自动调频声学效应舱及调频方法 |
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-
1998
- 1998-11-10 DE DE19851636A patent/DE19851636A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-10-20 EP EP99810950A patent/EP1004823B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-20 DE DE59906664T patent/DE59906664D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-02 US US09/431,918 patent/US6370879B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-08 JP JP31703699A patent/JP4511658B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-09 CN CNB991224558A patent/CN1151344C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0321809A1 (de) | 1987-12-21 | 1989-06-28 | BBC Brown Boveri AG | Verfahren für die Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff in einem Brenner |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1342952A1 (de) * | 2002-03-07 | 2003-09-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brenner, Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners und Gasturbine |
EP1342953A1 (de) | 2002-03-07 | 2003-09-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gasturbine |
WO2003074937A1 (de) * | 2002-03-07 | 2003-09-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brenner, verfahren zum betrieb eines brenners und gasturbine |
US7246493B2 (en) | 2002-03-07 | 2007-07-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas turbine |
US7320222B2 (en) | 2002-03-07 | 2008-01-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Burner, method for operating a burner and gas turbine |
EP2474784A1 (de) | 2011-01-07 | 2012-07-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verbrennungssystem für eine Gasturbine mit einem Resonator |
WO2012093011A1 (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2012-07-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Combustion system for a gas turbine comprising a resonator |
US8869533B2 (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2014-10-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Combustion system for a gas turbine comprising a resonator |
DE102016220210A1 (de) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Resonator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19851636A1 (de) | 2000-05-11 |
JP4511658B2 (ja) | 2010-07-28 |
JP2000146182A (ja) | 2000-05-26 |
US6370879B1 (en) | 2002-04-16 |
EP1004823B1 (de) | 2003-08-20 |
DE59906664D1 (de) | 2003-09-25 |
CN1257179A (zh) | 2000-06-21 |
EP1004823A3 (de) | 2000-11-29 |
CN1151344C (zh) | 2004-05-26 |
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