EP0966562B1 - Cable d'acier hybride pour pneumatique - Google Patents

Cable d'acier hybride pour pneumatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0966562B1
EP0966562B1 EP98912474A EP98912474A EP0966562B1 EP 0966562 B1 EP0966562 B1 EP 0966562B1 EP 98912474 A EP98912474 A EP 98912474A EP 98912474 A EP98912474 A EP 98912474A EP 0966562 B1 EP0966562 B1 EP 0966562B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wires
stainless steel
wire
carbon
martensite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98912474A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0966562A1 (fr
Inventor
François-Jacques CORDONNIER
Eric Depraetere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Original Assignee
Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0966562A1 publication Critical patent/EP0966562A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0966562B1 publication Critical patent/EP0966562B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
    • D07B1/066—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the wires being made from special alloy or special steel composition
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
    • D07B1/062—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
    • D07B1/0613—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the rope configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
    • D07B1/062—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration
    • D07B1/0633—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration having a multiple-layer configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/2006—Wires or filaments characterised by a value or range of the dimension given
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2013—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising multiple layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2036—Strands characterised by the use of different wires or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2041—Strands characterised by the materials used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2047—Cores
    • D07B2201/2051—Cores characterised by a value or range of the dimension given
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2047—Cores
    • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
    • D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2047—Cores
    • D07B2201/2066—Cores characterised by the materials used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3025—Steel
    • D07B2205/3028—Stainless steel
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3025—Steel
    • D07B2205/3039—Martensite
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
    • D07B2205/3089—Brass, i.e. copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) alloys
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    • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
    • Y10S57/902—Reinforcing or tyre cords
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
    • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10765—Characterized by belt or breaker structure
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    • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10855—Characterized by the carcass, carcass material, or physical arrangement of the carcass materials
    • Y10T152/10873—Characterized by the carcass, carcass material, or physical arrangement of the carcass materials with two or more differing cord materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/12979—Containing more than 10% nonferrous elements [e.g., high alloy, stainless]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to steel cables ("steel cords”), intended in particular for reinforcement of plastic and / or rubber articles, in particular envelopes tire. It relates more particularly to cables intended for reinforcing the carcass reinforcement of such tire casings.
  • the invention relates more specifically to hybrid steel cables, i.e. comprising wires made of steels of different natures, these cables having a higher endurance than cables conventional steel tires.
  • the patent application EP-A-648 891 proposed steel cables improved in endurance and resistant to corrosion, made of stainless steel wires whose composition and microstructure give these stainless steel wire with both the required tensile strength and torsional ductility to be able to replace carbon steel wires; in particular, the microstructure of steel stainless contains at least 20%, preferably at least 50% by volume of martensite.
  • cables made up of these stainless steel wires comprising at least 20% by volume of martensite have improved endurance due to better fatigue-fretting-corrosion resistance stainless steel wire compared to that of carbon steel wire. This improved resistance significantly increases the service life of tires.
  • the cables according to the above-mentioned application EP-A-648,891 have, due to the composition of the steel and the process for obtaining the wires, the disadvantage of being expensive; this request suggests moreover, briefly, to reduce costs, the use of hybrid steel cables made up of part only of stainless steel wire comprising at least 20% by volume of martensite, the rest can be made of carbon steel wires.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks by proposing new steel cables, the endurance of which is significantly improved compared to that of conventional cables consisting only of carbon steel wires, this endurance of cables of the invention being close to that of cables in accordance with application EP-A-648 891 above, made of specific stainless steel wire, but obtained at a cost significantly less.
  • the Applicant has found during its research that, surprisingly, the use of at least one stainless steel wire in a steel cable comprising carbon steel wires, improves the fatigue-fretting-corrosion resistance of carbon steel wires which are contact of this stainless steel wire.
  • the endurance properties of the steel cable itself overall improved, as well as the longevity of tires reinforced by such cable.
  • the hybrid cables of the invention may include a majority of carbon steel wires which support the load, and only a limited number of stainless steel wires, even a single one, whose role is improve the fatigue-fretting-corrosion resistance of steel wires by simple contact carbon.
  • stainless steel wires no longer have to bear the load unlike wires stainless steel cables of the aforementioned application EP-A-648 891, a consequence quite advantageous fact is that it is no longer necessary to strongly transform stainless steel from departure to harden it and obtain a microstructure with a high rate of martensite; he nor is it necessary to use specific stainless steels capable of give after hardening such a microstructure with a high rate of martensite. We can thus advantageously use stainless steel wires whose methods of obtaining are less expensive.
  • a first object of the invention is a hybrid steel cable comprising, at the contact of one or more carbon steel wire (s), at least one stainless steel wire whose microstructure contains less than 20% by volume of martensite.
  • a second object of the invention is the use in a steel cable of at least one steel wire stainless to improve by contact the fatigue-fretting-corrosion resistance of one or several carbon steel wire (s), this use covering all types of steel wire stainless and not being limited in particular to a stainless steel wire whose microstructure contains less than 20% by volume of martensite.
  • Another object of the invention is a method for improving in a steel cable the fatigue-fretting-corrosion resistance of one or more carbon steel wire (s), characterized in that, during the manufacture of said cable, it is incorporated, by addition or by substitution, at least one stainless steel wire so as to put it in contact with this (s) carbon steel wire (s).
  • the invention also relates to the use of cables according to the invention for the reinforcement of plastic and / or rubber articles, for example pipes, belts, tire casings, reinforcement plies intended in particular to reinforce the top or the carcass of these envelopes.
  • the invention further relates to these plastic and / or rubber articles themselves when they are reinforced by cables according to the invention, in particular the tire casings and their carcass reinforcement plies, more particularly when they are intended for industrial vehicles such as vans, heavy goods vehicles, trailers, metro, transport, handling or civil engineering equipment.
  • Ln being the natural logarithm
  • S i being the initial section of the wire before this work hardening
  • S f being the final section of the wire after this work hardening.
  • the identification and quantification of the microstructure of steels is carried out by a known technique of X-ray diffraction.
  • This method consists in determining the total diffracted intensity for each of the phases of steel, in particular martensite ⁇ ', martensite ⁇ and austenite ⁇ , summing the intensity integrated of all the diffraction peaks of this phase, which makes it possible to calculate the percentages of each of the phases in relation to all of the phases of the steel.
  • the X-ray diffraction spectra are determined on the section of the wire to be studied with a goniometer, using a chromium anticathode.
  • a scan provides the lines characteristics of each of the phases present. In the case of the three aforementioned phases (the two martensites and austenite), the scanning is carried out from 50 degrees to 160 degrees.
  • the angle 2 ⁇ is the total angle in degrees between the incident beam and the diffracted beam.
  • the various% concerning the phases of the microstructure of steel are expressed in volume and the terms "martensite” or “martensite phase” cover all martensite ⁇ 'and martensite ⁇ phases, the term% in martensite therefore representing the% in volume of the total of these two martensitic phases and the term “austenite” represents austenite ⁇ .
  • The% by volume of the various phases determined by the above method are obtained with an accuracy, in absolute value, of around 5%. This means for example that below 5% by volume of martensite, we can consider that the microstructure of the steel is practically devoid of martensite.
  • the rotary fatigue test (“Hunter fatigue test”) is a known fatigue test; he was described in patent US-A-2,435,772 and used for example in patent application EP-A-220 766 to test the fatigue-corrosion resistance of metallic wires intended for reinforcement of tire casings.
  • test is usually applied to a unitary wire.
  • the test is leads not on an insulated wire but on the entire cable, so that you can test the overall resistance of the cable to fatigue-corrosion.
  • the cable is not immersed in water as recommended for example in the above-mentioned application EP-A-220 766, but exposed to air ambient in a controlled humid atmosphere (relative humidity of 60% and temperature of 20 ° C), this condition being closer to the conditions of use of the cable in a tire casing.
  • the principle of the test is as follows: a sample of the cable to be tested, of determined length, is held at each of its two ends by two parallel jaws. In one of the jaws, the cable can rotate freely while it remains fixed in the second jaw which is in turn motorized. Bending the cable allows it to apply bending stress data ⁇ whose intensity varies with the imposed radius of curvature, itself a function of useful sample length (eg 70 to 250 mm) and the distance between the two jaws (for example from 30 to 115 mm).
  • the test is carried out as follows: a first stress ⁇ is chosen and the fatigue test is launched for a maximum number of 10 5 cycles, at the rate of 3000 rotations per minute. According to the result obtained - ie rupture or non-rupture of the cable after these 10 5 cycles maximum - a new stress ⁇ (lower or higher than the previous one, respectively) is applied to a new test piece, by varying this stress ⁇ according to the so-called staircase method (Dixon &Mood; Journal of the American statistical association, 43, 1948, 109-126).
  • the statistical processing of the tests defined by this staircase method leads to the determination of an endurance limit - denoted ⁇ d - which corresponds to a probability of cable breakage of 50% at after 10 5 fatigue cycles.
  • ⁇ d an endurance limit
  • the stress ⁇ applied during this series of iterations, for a cable of formula (1 x 3) consisting of 3 steel wires with a diameter of approximately 0.18 mm (such as cables C-1 to C-7 of the examples below), can vary between 200 and 1500 MPa.
  • E the Young's modulus of the material (in MPa)
  • ⁇ the diameter of the broken wire (in mm)
  • the "belt” test is a known fatigue test which has been described for example in the application EP-A-362 570 or in the aforementioned EP-A-648 891 application, the steel cables to be tested being incorporated into a rubber article which is vulcanized.
  • the rubber article is an endless belt made with a known rubber compound similar to those commonly used for tire casings.
  • the axis of each cable is oriented in the direction longitudinal of the belt and the cables are separated from the faces of the latter by a rubber thickness of about 1 mm.
  • the belt is arranged to form a cylinder of revolution, the cable forms a helical winding of the same axis as this cylinder (for example, no propeller equal to about 2.5 mm).
  • This belt is then subjected to the following stresses: the belt is rotated around two rollers, so that each elementary portion of each cable is subjected to a tension of 12% of the initial breaking force and undergoes cycles of variation of curvature which make it pass from an infinite radius of curvature to a radius of curvature of 40 mm and this for 50 million cycles.
  • the test is carried out under a controlled atmosphere, the temperature and humidity of the air in contact with the belt being maintained at approximately 20 ° C. and 60% relative humidity.
  • the duration of the stresses for each belt is of the order of Three weeks. At the end of these stresses, the cables are extracted from the belts, by shelling and the residual breaking force of the wires of the tired cables is measured.
  • the chemical composition of the starting steels is given in table 1 below, the steel referenced “T” being carbon steel, a known pearlitic steel containing 0.7% carbon (USA standard AISI 1069), the steels referenced “A”, “B” or “C” being stainless steels of different grades (USA AISI 316, 202 or 302 standards).
  • the values indicated for each of the elements cited are% by weight, the rest of the steels being consisting of iron and the usual unavoidable impurities, and the presence of a dash (-) in this table 1 indicating that the corresponding element is only present in the residual state.
  • stainless steel a steel containing at least 11% chromium and at least 50% iron (% by total weight of stainless steel).
  • All of these wires undergo a known degreasing and / or pickling treatment before being put in subsequent work, the stainless steel wires being further covered, by deposition electrolytic, with a layer of nickel of about 0.3 ⁇ m (micrometer).
  • the wires have a breaking strength of approximately 675 MPa (steel A), 975 MPa (steel B), 790 MPa (steel C), and 1150 MPa (steel T); their elongation after rupture is 35 45% for stainless steel wires, around 10% for carbon steel.
  • Copper is then deposited on each wire, followed by a zinc deposit, by electrolytic at room temperature, and then heated thermally by Joule effect to 540 ° C to obtain brass by diffusion of copper and zinc, the weight ratio (phase ⁇ ) / (phase ⁇ + phase ⁇ ) being equal to approximately 0.85. No heat treatment is carried out on the wire after obtaining the brass coating.
  • the steel wires thus drawn have the mechanical properties indicated in Table 2, their diameter ⁇ varying from 0.171 to 0.205 mm.
  • the brass coating (more nickel if necessary) which surrounds the wires at a very small thickness, clearly less than a micrometer, for example 0.15 to 0.30 ⁇ m (including about 0.05 ⁇ m nickel if applicable), which is negligible with respect to the diameter ⁇ of the steel wires.
  • the wires A 1 and B 1 on the one hand, A 2 and B 2 on the other hand are devoid of martensite or contain less than 5% (by volume).
  • the wires C 1 and C 2 with a high rate of martensite (more than 60% by volume) correspond to the stainless steel wires of the abovementioned application EP-A-648,891.
  • the composition of the steel of the wire in its elements for example C, Cr, Ni, Mn, Mo
  • the brass coating facilitates the wire drawing, as well as bonding the wire with the rubber when using the wire in a rubber article, especially in a tire casing.
  • the coating of nickel allows good attachment of the brass coating to stainless steel.
  • the preceding wires are then assembled into cables, either in the form of elementary strands. either in the form of layered cables.
  • These cables, whether or not conforming to the invention, are prepared according to methods and with twisting or wiring devices known to those skilled in the art trade, which are not described here for the simplicity of the presentation.
  • known steel cables of structure or known formula noted (1 ⁇ 3) are produced by known twisting operations, each consisting of an elementary strand consisting of three wires wound together in a helix (direction S) in a pitch of 10 mm, in one go, that is to say during a single twisting operation.
  • the construction cable C-1 [3T 2 ] (ie consisting of 3 wires T 2 ) is the only cable consisting exclusively of carbon steel wires, therefore not in accordance with the invention, and therefore constitutes the control cable for this series .
  • the cables referenced C-2 to C-7 are therefore all hybrid steel cables containing either a single stainless steel wire (cables C-2, C-3 and C-4), or two stainless steel wires (cables C-5, C-6 and C-7).
  • the construction cable C-2 [2T 2 + 1A 2 ] is formed by 2 wires T 2 in carbon steel in contact with 1 wire A2 in stainless steel (AISI 316), while the cable C -7 construction [1T 2 + 2C 2 ] consists of 1 carbon steel wire T 2 in contact with two stainless steel wire C 2 (AISI 302).
  • the hybrid cables C-2 and C-3 on the one hand, C-5 and C-6 on the other hand, are cables conforming to the invention, the microstructure of the stainless steel of their wires comprising less than 20% in volume of martensite.
  • each stainless steel wire (A 2 , B 2 or C 2 ) in cables C-2 to C-7 is also in accordance with the invention, to improve the fatigue-fretting-corrosion resistance by contact.
  • carbon steel wire (T 2 ) the invention in fact covering the use of any stainless steel wire, including the use of wire C 2 whose microstructure contains more than 70% by volume of martensite.
  • This type of layered cable is particularly intended for reinforcing a carcass of industrial pneumatics. It therefore consists of a strand made up of 19 wires in total, one wire serving of soul or heart and the 18 others being wrapped around this soul in two layers concentric adjacent.
  • a particular example of such a cable structure has been described by example in the above-mentioned application EP-A-362 570.
  • the core wire has a diameter of approximately 0.200 mm, which corresponds to the index wires 1.
  • the two layers which surround it have the same 10 mm helix pitch and the same winding direction (Z), and are made up of a total of 18 carbon steel wires with a diameter of 0.175 mm (wire T 2 ).
  • Each cable core therefore corresponds to a steel variant of table 1.
  • These cables are referenced C-11 to C-14 and have been prepared according to the different constructions indicated in brackets in table 4.
  • the construction cable C-11 [1T 1 + 6T 2 + 12T 2 ] is the only cable made up exclusively of carbon steel wires and therefore constitutes the control cable for this series.
  • the cables referenced C-12 to C-14 are all hybrid steel cables comprising as core wire a stainless steel wire: for example, the cable C-12 of construction [1A 1 + 6T 2 + 12T 2 ] is formed by 1 wire A 1 made of stainless steel (AISI 316) in contact with six wires T 2 made of carbon steel forming the first internal layer itself surrounded by a second external layer of 12 wires T 2 .
  • AISI 316 stainless steel
  • the hybrid cables C-12 and C-13 are cables according to the invention, the microstructure of the stainless steel of their wires comprising less than 20% by volume of martensite.
  • each stainless steel wire (A 1 , B 1 or C 1 ) in cables C-12 to C-14 is also in accordance with the invention, to improve the fatigue-fretting-corrosion resistance by contact.
  • carbon steel wires T 2 of the internal layer, the invention in fact covering the use of wire C 1 , the microstructure of which contains more than 60% by volume of martensite.
  • Is also in accordance with the invention the method for improving in the steel cables C-12 to C-14 the fatigue-fretting-corrosion resistance of the carbon steel wires T 2 of the internal layer consisting in the manufacture of said cables to incorporate, by substitution of a carbon steel core wire, a stainless steel core wire and thus to bring the surface of the latter into contact with the surface of the 6 steel wires T 2 carbon that surround the stainless steel core wire.
  • the core wire has a diameter of approximately 0.200 mm, which corresponds to the index wires 1.
  • the first layer which surrounds the core has a helical pitch of 5.5 mm, and the second layer (outer layer ) an 11 mm helix pitch; the two layers have the same winding direction (Z) and therefore consist in total of 17 carbon steel wires with a diameter of 0.175 mm (wire T 2 ).
  • the cables are referenced C-15 and C-16 and have been prepared according to the different constructions indicated between brackets in table 4.
  • the cable C-15 of construction [1T 1 + 6T 2 + 11T2] is the only cable made up exclusively of carbon steel wires and therefore constitutes the control cable for this series.
  • the hybrid steel cable referenced C-16 of construction [1B 1 + 6T 2 + 11T 2 ] is formed of 1 wire B 1 of stainless steel (AISI 202) in contact with six wires T 2 of carbon steel forming the first inner layer itself surrounded by a second unsaturated outer layer of 11 wires T 2 .
  • the mechanical properties of these cables, also shown in Table 4, are practically identical due to the very low proportion of stainless steel wire that is used (only 1 stainless wire for 18 wires in total).
  • the hybrid cable C-16 is a cable according to the invention, the microstructure of the stainless steel of its core wire comprising less than 5% by volume of martensite.
  • the method for improving the fatigue-fretting-corrosion resistance of the carbon steel wires T 2 of the inner layer is also in accordance with the invention, the method consisting in the manufacture of said cables to be incorporated, by replacing the carbon steel core wire, a stainless steel core wire and thus bringing the latter into contact with the 6 carbon steel wires T 2 which surround the stainless steel core wire.
  • the stress ⁇ d is the endurance limit corresponding to a probability of failure of 50% under the conditions of the test: it is given both in absolute units (MPa) and in relative units (ur).
  • MPa absolute units
  • ur relative units
  • N any type of elementary strand of formula (1 x N) consisting of a group unit of N wires (N ⁇ 2) wound together in a helix in a single wiring operation, comprising, in contact with one or more carbon steel wire (s), at least one steel wire stainless steel whose microstructure contains less than 20% by volume of martensite.
  • N could reach several tens of wires, for example 20 to 30 wires or even more; preferably, N varies from 2 to 5.
  • the invention also relates to any strand of simple formula (i.e. containing a small number of wires) of type (P + Q) - with P ⁇ 1; Q ⁇ 1; preferably P + Q varying from 3 to 6 - obtained by assembling at least one elementary strand (or unitary wire) with at least one other elementary strand (or unitary wire), the wires in such a strand of formula (P + Q) not being therefore not wound together in a helix during a single twisting operation, unlike the so-called elementary strand (1 x N) described above; we will quote for example strands of formula (2 + 1), (2 + 2), (2 + 3) or (2 + 4).
  • the invention also relates to any multi-strand steel cable (assembly of several strands) at least one strand of which conforms to the invention, as well as the use of a steel wire stainless, in such a multi-strand cable, to improve contact resistance to fatigue-fretting-corrosion carbon steel wire.
  • the purpose of this test is to show the increase in fatigue-fretting-corrosion resistance of carbon steel wires in hybrid steel cables formed of carbon steel wires and stainless steel wire, thanks to the contact between carbon steel and stainless steel.
  • any type of cable with layer (s), hooped or not hooped comprising at contact of one or more carbon steel wire (s) at least one stainless steel wire whose microstructure contains less than 20% by volume of martensite, such a layer cable having in particular the general structure (X + Y-Z) consisting of a core of X wire (s) surrounded and at contact of at least a first layer of Y wires, possibly itself surrounded by a second layer of Z wires, preferably X varying from 1 to 4, Y from 3 to 12, Z from 8 to 20 if applicable applicable.
  • the core central consists of one or more stainless steel wire (s) surrounded and in contact with. minus a first layer of carbon steel wires.
  • the advantage of a cable to layer (s) whose core consists of a single stainless steel wire, such as for example the cables of formula (1 + 6 + 12) or (1 + 6 + 11) described in the previous tests, must be underlined: the core wire, given its position in the cable, being less stressed during the operation of wiring, it is not necessary for this wire to use special steel compositions stainless steel with high torsional ductility.
  • the envelopes reinforced in accordance with the invention therefore cover a distance of two to almost three times that of the control envelope.
  • the invention makes it possible to significantly improve the endurance of the steel cables intended in particular to plastic and / or rubber articles, in particular to tire covers, as well as the lifespan of these items themselves.
  • the surface of a carbon steel wire with the surface of a stainless steel wire even when coatings are present on the surface of these stainless steel wires very thin or ultra-thin layer, the fatigue-fretting-corrosion resistance is unexpectedly improved carbon steel wire.
  • stainless steel wires were used according to EP-A-648 891 for their own tensile, fatigue and corrosion resistance properties, stainless steel wire are no longer used. in accordance with the present invention, that to improve by contact the fatigue resistance properties of other carbon steel wires with which they are wired.
  • the tensile strength of the cables of the invention can thus be ensured essentially by carbon steel wires, preferably the majority.
  • Stainless steel wire does contributing only slightly or almost negligibly to the tensile strength of cables, the mechanical properties of these stainless steel wires are not critical. They don't are not critical in that the composition and microstructure of stainless steel does not are more dictated, as was the case with cables made of stainless steel wires the prior art, by mechanical strength requirements. A wide range of compositions stainless steel is thus possible, so as to be able to optimize the cost constraints and process for obtaining the wires.
  • the invention is preferably implementation with structural cables (1 + 6 + 12) or (1 + 6 + 11), in particular when alone the core wire is made of stainless steel.
  • the invention relates to any hybrid multi-strand steel cable ("multistrand rope") whose structure incorporates at least one strand according to the invention, in in particular at least one strand of formula as described above, of the type (1 ⁇ N), (P + Q) or (X + Y + Z).
  • the invention also relates to any hybrid multi-strand steel cable of which at least one stainless steel strand (i.e. made of stainless steel wire) is in contact with one or several carbon steel strand (s) (i.e. made up of carbon steel wires), the invention also concerning the use of at least one strand of stainless steel in such a cable multi-strand, to improve by contact the fatigue-fretting-corrosion endurance of the wires carbon steel from other strands.
  • at least one stainless steel strand i.e. made of stainless steel wire
  • carbon steel strand i.e. made up of carbon steel wires
  • the stainless steel wires had a coating of nickel and one carried out a brass plating before carrying out the final work hardening, but other modes are possible, for example by replacing nickel with another material metallic, for example copper, zinc, tin, cobalt or alloys of one or more of these compounds.
  • the nickel was deposited in a relatively thick layer (approximately 0.3 ⁇ m before work hardening), but ultra-thin layers are sufficient, obtained by example by so-called "flash" deposits (for example 0.01 to 0.03 ⁇ m thick before wire drawing, i.e. 0.002 to 0.006 ⁇ m after wire drawing).
  • the final work hardening could also be carried out on a wire called "clear", i.e. devoid of metallic coating, whether it is a stainless steel wire or a steel wire carbon.
  • a wire called "clear”, i.e. devoid of metallic coating, whether it is a stainless steel wire or a steel wire carbon.
  • the results of the belt test and the rotary bending test were found to be substantially identical, whether the stainless steel or carbon steel wires are clear or on the contrary coated with their respective coatings.
  • the carbon steel wires could also be covered with a fine metallic layer other than brass, for example having the function of improving the corrosion resistance of these wires and / or their adhesion to rubber, for example a fine layer of Co, Ni, Zn, Al, of Al-Zn alloy, of an alloy of two or more of the compounds Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Sn, such as for example a ternary Cu-Zn-Ni alloy containing in particular from 5 to 15% nickel, such a metallic layer being obtainable in particular by "flash" type deposition techniques as described above.
  • a fine metallic layer other than brass for example having the function of improving the corrosion resistance of these wires and / or their adhesion to rubber
  • a fine layer of Co, Ni, Zn, Al, of Al-Zn alloy of an alloy of two or more of the compounds Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Sn, such as for example a ternary Cu-Zn-Ni alloy containing in particular from 5 to 15% nickel, such a metallic layer being obtainable in particular
  • the hybrid steel cables of the invention may on the other hand, without the spirit of the invention being modified, contain wires of different diameters or types, for example wires of stainless steels of different compositions or wires carbon steels of different compositions; they may also contain metallic wires other than carbon steel or stainless steel wires, in addition to the latter, or non-metallic wires such as wires made of mineral or organic materials.
  • the cables of the invention may also include preformed wires, for example corrugated wires, intended to more or less ventilate the structure of the cables and to increase their penetrability by plastics and / or rubber, the periods of preformation or waving. such wires may be less than, equal to or greater than the pitch of the cables themselves.

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  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
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EP98912474A 1997-03-14 1998-03-13 Cable d'acier hybride pour pneumatique Expired - Lifetime EP0966562B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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FR9703324 1997-03-14
FR9703324 1997-03-14
PCT/EP1998/001462 WO1998041682A1 (fr) 1997-03-14 1998-03-13 Cable d'acier hybride pour pneumatique

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EP0966562B1 true EP0966562B1 (fr) 2002-08-07

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EP (1) EP0966562B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP4017192B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
KR (1) KR100481742B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN1265053C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU6729798A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR9808020B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA2282677A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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ES (1) ES2178186T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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CN105869786B (zh) * 2016-06-22 2017-10-03 远东电缆有限公司 一种复合芯半硬态铝绞线及其制造方法
JP7123038B2 (ja) * 2017-04-17 2022-08-22 株式会社ブリヂストン ケーブルビードおよびこれを用いた航空機用タイヤ
RU2020119729A (ru) 2017-12-20 2022-01-20 Компани Женераль Дэз Этаблиссман Мишлен Каучуковая композиция
CN111511578A (zh) 2017-12-20 2020-08-07 米其林集团总公司 橡胶组合物
US11066783B2 (en) * 2018-09-17 2021-07-20 Leggett & Platt Canada Co. Corrosion resistant cable
FR3087197B1 (fr) 2018-10-11 2020-10-23 Michelin & Cie Composant caoutchouc comprenant des elements de renforcement
FR3097549A1 (fr) 2019-06-19 2020-12-25 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin composition de caoutchouc
JP7648037B2 (ja) * 2020-08-26 2025-03-18 栃木住友電工株式会社 スチールコード、タイヤ
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KR20000076217A (ko) 2000-12-26
EP0966562A1 (fr) 1999-12-29
US6667110B1 (en) 2003-12-23
JP2001515546A (ja) 2001-09-18
CN1265053C (zh) 2006-07-19
DE69807048T2 (de) 2003-02-27
CN1250498A (zh) 2000-04-12
KR100481742B1 (ko) 2005-04-08
BR9808020B1 (pt) 2009-01-13
RU2196856C2 (ru) 2003-01-20
BR9808020A (pt) 2000-03-08
WO1998041682A1 (fr) 1998-09-24
ES2178186T3 (es) 2002-12-16
CA2282677A1 (fr) 1998-09-24
JP4017192B2 (ja) 2007-12-05
DE69807048D1 (de) 2002-09-12
AU6729798A (en) 1998-10-12

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