EP0964218B1 - Echangeur de chaleur avec tubes plats ailetés, en particulier radiateur, refroidisseur, condenseur ou évaporateur pour véhicule automobile - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur avec tubes plats ailetés, en particulier radiateur, refroidisseur, condenseur ou évaporateur pour véhicule automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0964218B1
EP0964218B1 EP99109324A EP99109324A EP0964218B1 EP 0964218 B1 EP0964218 B1 EP 0964218B1 EP 99109324 A EP99109324 A EP 99109324A EP 99109324 A EP99109324 A EP 99109324A EP 0964218 B1 EP0964218 B1 EP 0964218B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
header
flat tubes
heat exchange
flat
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99109324A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0964218A2 (fr
EP0964218A3 (fr
Inventor
Roland Haussmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Klimatechnik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Valeo Klimatechnik GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Klimatechnik GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Valeo Klimatechnik GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0964218A2 publication Critical patent/EP0964218A2/fr
Publication of EP0964218A3 publication Critical patent/EP0964218A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0964218B1 publication Critical patent/EP0964218B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
    • F28F9/0209—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only transversal partitions
    • F28F9/0212—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only transversal partitions the partitions being separate elements attached to header boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0072—Special adaptations
    • F24H1/009—Special adaptations for vehicle systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0435—Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/08—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes
    • F24H3/081—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/08—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes
    • F24H3/081—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H3/085—The tubes containing an electrically heated intermediate fluid, e.g. water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D1/035—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other with U-flow or serpentine-flow inside the conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0391—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits a single plate being bent to form one or more conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0263—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by varying the geometry or cross-section of header box

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular Heater core, radiator, condenser or evaporator, for motor vehicles, with ribbed flat tubes, with the further features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a multifunctional arrangement in particular for aircraft having features of the preamble of claim 1 according to GB-A-583 814 is in terms of material, Vietnamesesund in particular space expenditure at least for certain applications further optimized.
  • the invention is based on the object, such Heat exchanger for the conditions in motor vehicles even further to optimize.
  • This task is performed by a heat exchanger solved with the features of claim 1.
  • In each Case only requires a single type of heat exchanger during production manufactured for multiple functions and during assembly in the Motor vehicle to be arranged, resulting in significant savings leads to material, manufacturing costs and assembly costs.
  • the required installation space in the motor vehicle can in the above Context be kept minimal.
  • Claims 2 relates to a preferred development the invention.
  • heat exchangers In all illustrated heat exchangers is a block provided from mutually parallel flat tubes 2, which have a common ribbing by zigzag blades 4, connect at least to the flat sides of the flat tubes 2.
  • a corresponding ribbing 4a on the outer flat side of a respective outer Flat tube 2 may be provided, to which an external lateral End plate 6 connects.
  • a group of flat tubes 2 communicates with a collector 8, which two-part of a tube sheet 10 and a Cover 12 is composed.
  • the tubesheet has insertion slots 14 each for a free end of the concerned with Collector 8 communicating flat tubes 2 on.
  • the Flat tubes are doubly formed. The in the flow direction the inner heat exchange fluid first tide 16 extends while in countercurrent within the flat tube to the second flood 18, wherein between the two floods 16 and 18 a partition wall 20 is formed within the flat tube 2.
  • the arrow 22 in Figs. 1 and 2 illustrates the Flow reversal of the two floods within the flat tube.
  • the lid 12 of the collector 8 is in turn by an intermediate wall 24 in an input-side department 26 and an output-side department 28 divided.
  • the input side Department 26 is with a lateral inlet 30th provided on the lid 12 and communicates within the collector 8 with the first flood 16.
  • the output-side department 28 also has on one side of the lid 12, here without Restriction of generality on the same page, a return 32 of the internal heat exchange fluid and communicates within the collector 8 with the respective second flood 18th
  • Fig. 1st illustrated that in any case the intermediate wall 24 in the collector. 8 Tongues 34 may have, which in along the tube sheet 10th extending grooves or slots 36 can engage.
  • Fig. 1 In the embodiment of Fig. 1 is ever a collector 8a and 8b arranged in the region of both ends of the flat tubes 2, being both collectors of different types of an inner Heat exchange fluids are acted upon.
  • the different types may in particular be chemically different. But one can also consider only one parameter of the to choose different inner heat exchange fluid, such as the operating temperature.
  • FIG. 1 In the embodiment of FIG. 1 are consecutive following flat tubes 2 alternately communicating the collector 8a or connected to the collector 8b.
  • connection sequence can also be in another Rhythm. So you can say instead of the alternate Connection according to FIG. 3 without limiting the generality in each case a connection to only one flat tube with a connection each to a parallel circuit of two flat tubes change. Any other assignment of individual and / or groupwise Connections is also possible within the scope of the invention.
  • Construction and connection of the two collectors 8a and 8b as shown in FIG. 1 are similar, so that the collector 8b does not need to be described separately.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show two particularly preferred embodiments the training and arrangement of an internal Heat exchange fluid acted upon flat tubes 2 in the deflection the floods.
  • the deflection of the floods can be complete or partially done in the flat tube 2 itself, as with two alternatives in Fig. 2 on the one hand and in Fig. 4 on the other is shown.
  • Representation of Fig. 2 can also be objectively such Detect embodiment in which at the end of the relevant Flat tube 2, the partition 20 is completely omitted.
  • this partition 20 also with the flow connection serving openings 46 may be formed analogous to FIG. 4, wherein here a number of two openings is shown at the However, place a single opening as well as a number of more than two openings 46 can occur.
  • the relevant flat tube at the end which does not communicate with its collector 8, just finish, e.g. by clamping and brazing.
  • the Embodiments according to FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 show instead an end of the respective flat tube 2 by a separate cup-shaped element 48. Its arrangement gives the possibility on a deflection of the floods in the flat tube itself even to refrain entirely and instead the diversion in the concerned cup-shaped element 48 exclusively. But you can also be a hybrid between the two embodiments take part, where the diversion partially within the Flat tube and partially within the cup-shaped element is made. Preferred and meant within the scope of the illustration is the arrangement in which the deflection is exclusive takes place in the flat tube and the respective cup-shaped element 48th only to the frontal conclusion of the respective flat tube. 2 is provided.
  • the cup-shaped element 48 is slipped over at a free end of the relevant flat tube 2.
  • This type of termination of an open end of a flat tube is to be understood here only as an example of a possibility of the design of a heat exchanger to which the invention relates.
  • Fig. 4 shows, in contrast, the variant according to the invention, is dispensed with in the separate training and arrangement of the cup-shaped part 48 and its function is taken over by appropriate cup-shaped formation 48 of the tube sheet 10 with.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Echangeur thermique, en particulier échangeur thermique de chauffage, radiateur de moteur, condenseur ou évaporateur, pour véhicules automobiles, à tuyaux plats nervurés (2), dont l'intérieur de tuyau (38) est chargé respectivement par un fluide d'échange thermique intérieur qui communique avec l'intérieur de tuyau (38) à travers des collecteurs (8a, 8b) dont un premier collecteur (8a) est disposé au niveau des premières extrémités et un deuxième collecteur (8b) est disposé au niveau des deuxièmes extrémités des tuyaux plats (2), dans lequel
    les tuyaux plats (2) peuvent être chargés par leur fluide d'échange thermique intérieur dans une séquence individuelle ou groupée en alternance à leurs premières extrémités à partir du premier collecteur (8a) et à leurs deuxièmes extrémités à partir du deuxième collecteur (8b),
    le premier collecteur (8a) est réalisé avec une arrivée (30) et un retour (32) d'un premier fluide d'échange thermique, et le deuxième collecteur (8b) est réalisé avec une arrivée (30) et un retour (32) d'un deuxième fluide d'échange thermique différent du premier, et
    les extrémités des tuyaux plats (2) détournées de leur collecteur (8a, 8b) sont munies d'une inversion d'écoulement en forme d'U (22) dans le tuyau plat (2),
    caractérisé par des terminaisons (48) séparées des tuyaux plats (2) pour les extrémités des tuyaux plats qui sont réalisées dans le fond de tuyau (10) d'un collecteur (8) qui est prévu pour mettre en charge d'autres tuyaux plats (2) avec un fluide d'échange thermique intérieur.
  2. Echangeur thermique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que pour l'inversion de l'écoulement (22), au moins un orifice (46) est prévu dans la paroi de séparation (20) entre des flux adjacents opposés (16, 18) du même tuyau plat (2) .
EP99109324A 1998-06-08 1999-05-28 Echangeur de chaleur avec tubes plats ailetés, en particulier radiateur, refroidisseur, condenseur ou évaporateur pour véhicule automobile Expired - Lifetime EP0964218B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19825561 1998-06-08
DE19825561A DE19825561A1 (de) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 Wärmetauscher mit verrippten Flachrohren, insbesondere Heizungswärmetauscher, Motorkühler, Verflüssiger oder Verdampfer, für Kraftfahrzeuge

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0964218A2 EP0964218A2 (fr) 1999-12-15
EP0964218A3 EP0964218A3 (fr) 2000-08-30
EP0964218B1 true EP0964218B1 (fr) 2004-01-07

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EP99109324A Expired - Lifetime EP0964218B1 (fr) 1998-06-08 1999-05-28 Echangeur de chaleur avec tubes plats ailetés, en particulier radiateur, refroidisseur, condenseur ou évaporateur pour véhicule automobile

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6328100B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0964218B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9901800A (fr)
DE (2) DE19825561A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2213943T3 (fr)

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US8472181B2 (en) 2010-04-20 2013-06-25 Cray Inc. Computer cabinets having progressive air velocity cooling systems and associated methods of manufacture and use
FR2963868B1 (fr) * 2010-08-11 2012-09-28 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un element chauffant serigraphie
JP5413433B2 (ja) * 2010-11-09 2014-02-12 株式会社デンソー 熱交換器
JP5626194B2 (ja) * 2010-12-21 2014-11-19 株式会社デンソー 熱交換システム
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US20170328637A1 (en) * 2016-05-13 2017-11-16 Denso Thermal Systems S.P.A. Heat exchanger with dummy tubes
US20210207535A1 (en) * 2020-01-03 2021-07-08 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Aircraft Heat Exchanger Panel Array Interconnection
US11448132B2 (en) 2020-01-03 2022-09-20 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Aircraft bypass duct heat exchanger
US11525637B2 (en) 2020-01-19 2022-12-13 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Aircraft heat exchanger finned plate manufacture
US11585273B2 (en) 2020-01-20 2023-02-21 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Aircraft heat exchangers
US11585605B2 (en) 2020-02-07 2023-02-21 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Aircraft heat exchanger panel attachment

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0964218A2 (fr) 1999-12-15
US6328100B1 (en) 2001-12-11
DE19825561A1 (de) 1999-12-09
EP0964218A3 (fr) 2000-08-30
DE59908225D1 (de) 2004-02-12
ES2213943T3 (es) 2004-09-01
BR9901800A (pt) 2000-03-14

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