EP0962410B1 - Doppeltragwalzenwickler - Google Patents
Doppeltragwalzenwickler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0962410B1 EP0962410B1 EP99110247A EP99110247A EP0962410B1 EP 0962410 B1 EP0962410 B1 EP 0962410B1 EP 99110247 A EP99110247 A EP 99110247A EP 99110247 A EP99110247 A EP 99110247A EP 0962410 B1 EP0962410 B1 EP 0962410B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- winding
- wound
- roll
- drive device
- roller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H18/00—Winding webs
- B65H18/08—Web-winding mechanisms
- B65H18/14—Mechanisms in which power is applied to web roll, e.g. to effect continuous advancement of web
- B65H18/20—Mechanisms in which power is applied to web roll, e.g. to effect continuous advancement of web the web roll being supported on two parallel rollers at least one of which is driven
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
- B65H2301/40—Type of handling process
- B65H2301/41—Winding, unwinding
- B65H2301/414—Winding
- B65H2301/4148—Winding slitting
- B65H2301/41486—Winding slitting winding on two or more winding shafts simultaneously
- B65H2301/414866—Winding slitting winding on two or more winding shafts simultaneously on bed rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
- B65H2404/40—Shafts, cylinders, drums, spindles
- B65H2404/43—Rider roll construction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
- B65H2404/40—Shafts, cylinders, drums, spindles
- B65H2404/43—Rider roll construction
- B65H2404/431—Rider roll construction involving several segments in axial direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
- B65H2404/40—Shafts, cylinders, drums, spindles
- B65H2404/43—Rider roll construction
- B65H2404/434—Driven rider roll arrangement
Definitions
- the invention relates to a double carrier roller winder with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for winding a winding roll with the Features of the preamble of claim 7.
- Such double carrier roll winder are often in the Connection to a roll cutter used to the partial webs made in the roll cutter a material web has been cut in the longitudinal direction are to be wound into winding rolls.
- Paper webs are available in widths of up to 10 m manufactured. Consumers, such as printers, but usually only require paper web widths from 0.8 to 3.8 m.
- Double carrier roller winders have the advantage that you can have several Winding rolls next to each other, that is, with a common one Winding axis, can wrap. The sum of the axial lengths the winding rolls then correspond to the width of the original one Paper web. The same applies to others Material webs, for example plastic films or metal.
- the winding rolls should be constructed so that they in Area of their core have a relatively high hardness, i.e. in the core area the paper (or another Material web) can be wound particularly tightly.
- the Hardness in the middle area should be slightly lower and remain constant or from the inside out fall off continuously.
- DE 12 29 361 B shows a double winder and a method for winding a winding roll of the entry mentioned type.
- the drive device formed by a load roller.
- the drive of the Carrier rollers and the loading roller is done via hydraulic Motors that have a hydraulic control circuit to be controlled.
- the motors of the load roller and the second carrier roller are coupled.
- the drive the second carrier roller can have a maximum of 60% and the drive the load roller can have a maximum of 12% of the maximum torque deliver.
- DE 44 02 874 A shows a double carrier roller winder a support roller, which has an elastic surface.
- the invention is based, another object Possibility to influence the winding hardness specify.
- the further drive device thus drives the winding roll in addition to the two support rollers. So that is it is possible to have a greater drive power than before transfer to the winding roll.
- the transmission larger Drive power on the winding roll failed So far, among other things, the fact that one is too big could not ensure the drive torque of the support rollers, that the idler rollers are slip-free compared to the Moving winding roll.
- the winding roll just off their winding tube with possibly a few there is wound material web layers is the winding power that can be transferred from the support rollers to the winding roll limited.
- the drive power between the second and the first Carrier roller wants to adjust to a certain Basically, wrapping web tension in the winding roll not even taken the theoretically possible full Drive power of both carrier rollers available, but just a little more than the drive power of one King roll.
- the further drive device overcome this problem. You can now use the winding roll wrap with a much higher torque so that the wrapped train especially at the beginning of the Winding process can be enlarged. It is intended that the further drive device at least in a winding section at the beginning of a winding process at least 15%, in particular at least 20% of the drive power for the winding roll. This is a relatively significant proportion of the drive power. Accordingly, the transferable to the winding roll Drive power increased considerably.
- the drive power on the two support rollers and on the drive device distributed. You can then drive certain patterns according to which the drive power is distributed. For example you can with a drive power distribution start with the first idler roller at the beginning of the winding process 10%, the second support roller 40% and the drive device 50% of the total drive power he brings. If the winding roll has a diameter of 500 mm, you can get the share of the second Swap carrier roller and drive device. With a diameter of 1000 mm, the proportion of the drive device can then of the drive power reduced to zero be while the first support roller 30% and the second carrier roller contributes 70% to the total drive power. At the end of the winding process, for example at 1500 mm in diameter, the first carrier roller can be 45% and apply the second carrier roller 55% of the drive power. Of course, it is also possible to use other distribution histories provided.
- the loading device train as a load roller and drive it. So far, the drive has not been suitable, including that To drive the winding roll. He only served that Apply momentum for the load roller in order to to prevent the winding roller from the loading roller must drag along.
- the drive device actually active on the winding roll acts and drives them.
- the drive device is preferably located with a Contact pressure distribution on the winding roll, the resultant is directed into the changing bed. You use So the drive device also from that To keep the winding roll in the changing bed and there against the Press rollers. You can also achieve this a better frictional connection between the winding roller and the support rollers and thus increases the possibility of drive power from the support rollers to the circumference of the Transfer winding roll.
- the drive device by the Load device is formed.
- You combine in the load device therefore has two functions: on the one hand a contact pressure is applied to the winding roll, which is necessary at least at the beginning of the winding process is the necessary for the winding process To generate nip pressures on the support rollers.
- an additional drive power is applied, which the possibility of train control and thus the Control of winding hardness expanded considerably.
- the loading device is advantageously used as a loading roller formed which has an elastic surface having. So the surface is within certain limits yielding. When the load roller on the winding roll is pressed, there is a larger contact area, so that despite a predetermined line load Compressive stress can be kept within certain limits. This protects the material web.
- the Drive device over a correspondingly larger Circumferential section on the winding roll, so that the contact surface for torque transmission larger and therefore becomes more effective.
- Such a configuration is especially of Advantage if several winding rolls in a row in the changing bed are arranged, and the loading roller is provided for several winding roll together, wherein the resilience of the surface is sufficient to despite smaller diameter differences between neighboring ones Winding rolls one system of the load roller on all Ensure winding rolls.
- the winding rolls in practice not all of them are usually absolutely identical build up.
- the elastic load roller can still be used within certain limits Density and the diameter of the individual winding rolls design equally. This results in a self-steering Effect.
- the winding rolls with a larger diameter penetrate further into the elastic surface of the Loading roller on. So here is the compressive stress greater.
- the diameter increase is thereby inhibited more than the winding rolls, which are smaller Have diameters and therefore not that far penetrate the elastic surface of the load roller.
- the diameter can increase faster, so that the diameters align. Overall, this results during the winding process a relatively even increase in diameter for all winding rolls.
- the drive device a larger share of the drive power of the Winding roller as the first carrier roller.
- the second carrier roller should provide a larger share of the drive power.
- the other drive device should also be one provide a larger share of the drive power. This will keep the possibility of having the winding roll with a relatively big moment that doesn't in the first nip, i.e. between the first support roller and the winding roll, is applied so that immediately behind this nip an increased web tension is generated can be. This web tension can be in the winding roll "Wrapped up", creating the desired one high winding hardness results.
- the predetermined winding section is preferably sufficient up to at least 40% of the final diameter of the winding roll. With increasing roll diameter, the share of Drive power applied by the first carrier roller becomes. This ensures that the winding hardness decreases with increasing roll diameter.
- Preferably increases from a predetermined diameter in the share of the drive device in the drive power and the proportion of the first carrier roller increases to. This gives the desired winding hardness profile, after which the winding hardness decreases from the inside out.
- a winding device shown schematically in FIG. 1 1 has a first support roller 2 with a drive 3 and a second support roller 4 with a drive 5. Between the two support rollers 2, 4 is a winding bed 6 is formed, in which a winding roll 7 is arranged.
- the winding roll is at the beginning with solid lines of the winding process shown. It exists to this Time practically only from a winding tube with one Diameter of about 100 mm, for example.
- a paper web 8 is wound onto the winding tube.
- the Paper web 8 can, as shown, from the side between the sleeve 7 and the first support roller 2. But it is also possible to run a web in which the paper web 8 from below between the two support rollers 2, 4 in the winding bed 6 and the nip between the support roller 2 and the winding roller 7 is guided.
- the diameter of the winding roll increases 7, what is shown by a winding roller shown in dashed lines 7 'is to be symbolized.
- a loading roller 9 acts on the winding roller 7.
- the loading roller 9 also has a drive 10.
- the drive 10 can both from an axial end also act on the load roller from both ends.
- the loading roller 9 has an elastic Layer 11 on its perimeter. It is schematic over a lever linkage 12 shown with a force F resilient in the direction of the changing bed 6 acts.
- the force F is represented here by an arrow.
- the drives 3, 5, 10 are with a control device 13 in connection with the distribution of drive power controls the individual drives.
- a curve TW 1 shows the drive power of the first support roller 2 over the diameter of the winding roll 7, 7 '.
- a curve TW 2 shows the corresponding course of the drive power of the second support roller 4, and a curve BW shows the corresponding course of the drive power of the loading roller 9. It can be seen from this that at the beginning of the winding process the drive power is mainly applied by the second support roller 4 and the loading roller 9.
- the first support roller 2, on the other hand, only makes an insignificant contribution to the total drive power. It can even be seen that the load roller 9 acts on the winding roller 7 with a greater drive power than the first support roller 2. If one wishes to reproduce the power distribution, the following table shows, for example: diameter Share of roller 2 Share of load roller Share of roller 1 102 mm 40% 50% 10% 500 mm 50% 40% 10% 1000 mm 70% 0% 30% 1500 mm 55% 0% 45%
- the decreasing with increasing winding roll diameter Power is through a slightly smaller arrow F 'shown.
- the elastic layer 11 of the loading roller 9 has two effects. First, it increases the contact area between the loading roller 9 and the winding roll 7, so that the torque transmission is larger and so that it becomes more effective.
- FIG. 2 There are schematic three winding rollers 7A, 7B, 7C, which rest on the first support roller 2.
- the second carrier roller 4 is not visible.
- the winding roll 7B although it has a partial web is wound, cut from the same material web becomes like the partial webs of the winding rolls 7A and 7C, a slightly smaller diameter. The diameter differences are exaggerated here, however shown large.
- the elastic layer 11 in the area the winding rollers 7A and 7C more compressed.
- This increases the surface pressure.
- the increase in diameter the two winding rollers 7A, 7C becomes something more inhibited than the diameter of the middle winding roll 7B, the elastic layer 11 is not so must compress strongly. Accordingly, you will in a relatively short time due to the larger diameter enlargement set the same diameter again as with the adjacent rollers 7A and 7C as well. It This results in a self-regulating effect, so that in Changing bed 6 several winding rolls 7A-C wound simultaneously can be arranged axially one behind the other are.
Landscapes
- Winding Of Webs (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Wikkeleinrichtung,
- Fig. 2
- ein schematische Vorderansicht, teilweise im Schnitt, und
- Fig. 3
- eine graphische Darstellung einer Wickelleistungsverteilung.
Durchmesser | Anteil Tragwalze 2 | Anteil Belastungswalze | Anteil Tragwalze 1 |
102 mm | 40% | 50% | 10% |
500 mm | 50% | 40% | 10% |
1000 mm | 70% | 0% | 30% |
1500 mm | 55% | 0% | 45% |
Claims (10)
- Doppeltragwalzenwickler mit einer ersten angetriebenen Tragwalze (2) und einer zweiten angetriebenen Tragwalze (4), die ein Wickelbett (6) bilden, in dem mindestens eine Wickelrolle (7) angeordnet ist, mit einer Belastungseinrichtung, mit einer weiteren Antriebseinrichtung (9, 10), die auf den Umfang der Wickelrolle (7) wirkt und die Wickelrolle antreibt, und mit einer Steuereinrichtung (13), die die Antriebsleistung auf die beiden Tragwalzen (2, 4) und auf die Antriebseinrichtung (9, 10) verteilt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anteil der weiteren Antriebseinrichtung (9, 10) an der Antriebsleistung beim Wickeln der Wickelrolle zumindest in einem Wickelabschnitt am Beginn eines Wickelvorgangs, in dem die Wickelrolle lediglich aus ihrer Wickelhülse und einigen wenigen darauf gewickelten Materialbahnlagen besteht, auf mindestens 20% einstellbar ist.
- Wickler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebseinrichtung mit einer Anpreßkraftverteilung (F) an der Wickelrolle (7) anliegt, deren Resultierende in das Wickelbett gerichtet ist.
- Wickler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebseinrichtung (9, 10) durch die Belastungseinrichtung gebildet ist.
- Wickler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest in einem vorbestimmten Wickelabschnitt des Wickelvorgangs der Anteil der Antriebseinrichtung (9, 10) an der Antriebsleistung der Wickelrolle (7) größer als der Anteil der ersten Tragwalze (2) einstellbar ist.
- Wickler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Belastungseinrichtung als Belastungswalze (9) ausgebildet ist, die eine elastische Oberfläche (11) aufweist.
- Wickler nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Wickelbett (6) mehrere Wickelrollen (7A, 7B, 7C) axial hintereinander angeordnet sind und die Belastungswalze für mehrere Wickelrollen gemeinsam vorgesehen ist, wobei die Nachgiebigkeit der Oberfläche (11) ausreicht, um trotz kleinerer Durchmesserunterschiede zwischen benachbarten Wikkelrollen (7A, 7B, 7C) eine Anlage der Belastungswalze (9) an allen Wickelrollen (7A, 7B, 7C) zu gewährleisten.
- Verfahren zum Wickeln einer Wickelrolle in einem Doppeltragwalzenwickler (1), der eine erste angetriebene Tragwalze (2) und eine zweite angetriebene Tragwalze (4), die ein Wickelbett (6) bilden, in dem die Wickelrolle (7) angeordnet ist, eine Belastungseinrichtung und eine weitere Antriebseinrichtung (9, 10), die auf den Umfang der Wikkelrolle (7) wirkt und diese antreibt, aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die weitere Antriebseinrichtung (9, 10) dann, wenn der Wickelvorgang beginnt und die Wickelrolle aus ihrer Wickelhülse und einigen wenigen darauf gewickelten Materialbahnlagen besteht, mindestens 20% der Antriebsleistung für die Wickelrolle erbringt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest in einem vorbestimmten Wickelabschnitt des Wickelvorgangs die Antriebseinrichtung (9, 10) einen größeren Anteil an der Antriebsleistung der Wickelrolle (7) erbringt als die erste Tragwalze (2).
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vorbestimmte Wickelabschnitt bis mindestens 40% des Enddurchmessers der Wickelrolle (7) reicht.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnete, daß von einem vorbestimmten Durchmesser an der Anteil der Antriebseinrichtung (9, 10) an der Antriebsleistung ab- und der Anteil der ersten Tragwalze zunimmt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19824619 | 1998-06-02 | ||
DE19824619A DE19824619A1 (de) | 1998-06-02 | 1998-06-02 | Doppeltragwalzenwickler |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0962410A1 EP0962410A1 (de) | 1999-12-08 |
EP0962410B1 true EP0962410B1 (de) | 2003-04-02 |
Family
ID=7869671
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99110247A Expired - Lifetime EP0962410B1 (de) | 1998-06-02 | 1999-05-27 | Doppeltragwalzenwickler |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6260789B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0962410B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19824619A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19940665A1 (de) * | 1999-08-27 | 2001-04-05 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Rollenwickeleinrichtung und Aufwickelverfahren |
US6715709B2 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2004-04-06 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Apparatus and method for producing logs of sheet material |
DE10221962A1 (de) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-27 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Wickelvorrichtung |
DE20209752U1 (de) | 2002-06-20 | 2002-09-19 | Mst Maschb Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Aufwickeln einer Materialbahn |
ITFI20060101A1 (it) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-10-29 | Delicarta Spa | Metodo e impianto per la trasformazione di carta tissue tramite uso simultaneo di bobine di cartiera aventi caratteristiche tra loro diverse |
DE102007037809B4 (de) | 2007-08-08 | 2013-09-26 | Mst-Maschinenbau Gmbh | Verfahren zum Aufwickeln einer Warenbahn |
FI127840B (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2019-03-29 | Valmet Technologies Oy | A method for controlling the operation of a roller web for a fiber web |
Family Cites Families (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1984784A (en) * | 1930-06-14 | 1934-12-18 | Cameron Machine Co | Winding machine |
US2141629A (en) * | 1937-05-08 | 1938-12-27 | John Waldron Corp | Rewinder |
US2985398A (en) * | 1956-10-11 | 1961-05-23 | Cameron Machine Co | Roll rewinding device |
US3009666A (en) * | 1958-10-31 | 1961-11-21 | Samuel M Langston Co | Roll density control for slitter winders |
DE1229361B (de) * | 1961-03-17 | 1966-11-24 | Samuel M Langston Company | Vorrichtung zum Wickeln von bahnfoermigem Gut |
DE1710082C3 (de) * | 1968-02-22 | 1974-05-02 | Industrie-Werke Karlsruhe Augsburg Ag, 7500 Karlsruhe | Spulvorrichtung für zylindrische Textilspulen |
US3937410A (en) * | 1975-01-16 | 1976-02-10 | Beloit Corporation | Method of and means for controlling internal tension in web rolls |
US4026487A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-05-31 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Drum unwind system for sheet materials |
JPS55119653A (en) * | 1979-03-08 | 1980-09-13 | Toshiba Corp | Controller for winder |
GB2087362A (en) * | 1980-11-14 | 1982-05-26 | Masson Scott Thrissell Eng Ltd | Winding web at constant winding density |
SU971756A1 (ru) * | 1981-04-30 | 1982-11-07 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектно-Конструкторский Институт По Автоматизированному Электроприводу В Промышленности,Сельском Хозяйстве И На Транспорте | Система регулировани плотности намотки к устройству дл намотки рулонного материала |
DE3143436A1 (de) * | 1981-11-02 | 1983-05-11 | Schwab Maschinenbau GmbH & Co, 8867 Oettingen | Vorrichtung zum aufwickeln einer warenbahn |
SE450703B (sv) * | 1982-04-01 | 1987-07-20 | Asea Ab | Sett for kontrollering av den i en parullad pappersrulle inrullade materialspenningen |
US4541585A (en) * | 1983-09-06 | 1985-09-17 | Beloit Corporation | Compliant drum and rider roll |
JPS62264154A (ja) * | 1986-05-12 | 1987-11-17 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ウエブ巻取り密度制御方法及び装置 |
FI81770C (fi) * | 1987-05-20 | 1990-12-10 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc | Foerfarande vid styrning av pappers rullstol. |
US5190235A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1993-03-02 | Jagenberg Aktiengesellschaft | Drum-type winder for winding webs of material |
US5150850A (en) * | 1991-05-10 | 1992-09-29 | Beloit Corporation | Method for winding a traveling web on a belted two drum wound web roll winder |
US5240198A (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-08-31 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Compliant roller for a web winding machine |
EP0562266B1 (de) * | 1992-03-26 | 2000-07-12 | J.M. Voith GmbH | Wickelmaschine zum Aufwickeln einer Bahn, insbesondere einer Papierbahn |
US5386950A (en) * | 1992-06-08 | 1995-02-07 | Abt; Richard | Apparatus and method for preparing individual wound rolls from a slitted web of material |
DE4402874A1 (de) * | 1994-02-01 | 1995-08-03 | Beloit Technologies Inc | System zur Erzeugung einer einwandfreien Wickelstruktur |
US5553806A (en) * | 1994-05-19 | 1996-09-10 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Support or pressure roll for a paper roll winder |
DE19636894A1 (de) * | 1996-09-11 | 1998-03-12 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Aufwickeln einer längsgeschnittenen Materialbahn und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens |
-
1998
- 1998-06-02 DE DE19824619A patent/DE19824619A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-05-27 DE DE59904806T patent/DE59904806D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-27 EP EP99110247A patent/EP0962410B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-28 US US09/322,175 patent/US6260789B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6260789B1 (en) | 2001-07-17 |
DE59904806D1 (de) | 2003-05-08 |
DE19824619A1 (de) | 1999-12-16 |
EP0962410A1 (de) | 1999-12-08 |
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