EP0954722A1 - Grille de combustion a refroidissement par eau - Google Patents

Grille de combustion a refroidissement par eau

Info

Publication number
EP0954722A1
EP0954722A1 EP97913176A EP97913176A EP0954722A1 EP 0954722 A1 EP0954722 A1 EP 0954722A1 EP 97913176 A EP97913176 A EP 97913176A EP 97913176 A EP97913176 A EP 97913176A EP 0954722 A1 EP0954722 A1 EP 0954722A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
combustion
bars
pieces
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97913176A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0954722B1 (fr
Inventor
Emil Zurl
Jaroslav Aubrecht
Anton Esser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
MG Technologies AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG, MG Technologies AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP0954722A1 publication Critical patent/EP0954722A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0954722B1 publication Critical patent/EP0954722B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H1/00—Grates with solid bars
    • F23H1/02—Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form a part of the grate structure or serve as supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combustion grate cooled with water.
  • Solid particulate fuels such as coal, peat, wood waste and garbage, can be burned in a grate to generate steam and, if necessary, to remove waste.
  • the grate is either horizontal or slanted in the combustion chamber.
  • the grate consists of grate bars or grate plates, in or between which grate slots are arranged. Fixed and movable gratings are known. In the case of the movable grates, the grate bars or plates are arranged on routing rollers, or they form an endless, moving belt, or they are moved by vibration.
  • the fuel is given to the grate in the form of a layer.
  • the fuel is under the influence of gravity and / or the vibration of the grate bars or the rotation of the grate rollers or the speed of migration of the grate belt transported through the combustion chamber, where it burns with the combustion air.
  • the combustion air is fed to the fuel layer from below through the grate slots (primary air), it being possible to supply part of the combustion air to the fuel layer from above (secondary air).
  • the temperature on the surface of the grate bars and plates can reach between 650 and 950 ° C. during combustion and in particular during ignition, so that cooling of the grate is necessary, which is normally done by the combustion air.
  • combustion grates are also known which are cooled with water.
  • a small part of the ash formed during combustion falls through the grate slots or through the spaces between the individual grate bar groups and is collected in ash funnels.
  • the majority of the ash is thrown off at the end of the grate.
  • ash removal is carried out periodically, for example by shaking the grate bars or plates.
  • a water-cooled hollow grate with interchangeable rods in which the hollow grate rods have recesses at their ends, in which the connecting pieces provided with flow channels and the connecting pieces provided with pipe connections are fastened by pressing devices.
  • the connectors generally connect two grate bars in such a way that the whole grate forms a continuous coil of tubes.
  • the coolant flow can vary depending on the arrangement of the connectors provided with pipe connections can be designed as desired, and each individual grate bar can be replaced after loosening only two connectors.
  • This construction has the disadvantage that the connecting pieces and abutments are partially in the immediate vicinity of the combustion chamber and are therefore subject to constant wear. In addition, due to the large spacing of the grate bars, a slight air-side grate resistance is generated, which adversely affects the course of the combustion.
  • a hollow grate with water circulation which has additional air channels which distribute the combustion air over the grate surface, the additional air channels being formed by the jacket of a water chamber which projects over the entire length of the grate and below the widened head of the water chamber open into the firebox.
  • the cooling medium water flows through the hollow grate bars of the known grate, the grate slots forming incisions in the grate bar around which the water located in the hollow bars runs.
  • the circulating water is connected to a feed water vessel through a corresponding pipe.
  • DE-AS 1 053 131 discloses a firing grate with divided grate bars which flowed through by the water Rest pipes, between which they are inserted from above and against which they are pressed with a recess corresponding to the pipe profile.
  • This furnace grate has the disadvantage that it is technically complex; it can be carried out in a technically simpler manner using jacket pipe walls.
  • Thrust combustion grate module for burning waste in large plants which has several grate stages movable against each other and a primary air supply, its load-bearing elements and its grate consist of sheet metal hollow bodies through which a liquid cooling medium flows when installed.
  • the individual grate levels each consist of a hollow grate plate, the length of which is intended to extend over the entire width of the combustion grate to be created.
  • the grate plate is hollow on the inside and has at least one connection piece and one discharge piece for the supply and discharge of the cooling medium.
  • a pipe extends below the grate over the entire length of the grate, which serves as a cooling water supply and from which hose connections lead to each grate plate or grate stage or its cooling chambers, and hose connections are present which act as separate cooling water returns from each grate plate or Return the grate or its cooling chambers to the controls for the coolant control.
  • the primary air is supplied through holes that penetrate the grate plates.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a water-cooled combustion grate, which allows a high thermal load of 0.9 to 1.1 MW / m 2 grate area, has little wear and requires little maintenance.
  • a water-cooled combustion grate which consists of a plurality of grate bar blocks which extend over the grate width and which are each composed of a plurality of grate bars and in which each grate bar has a meandering channel and a number of milled-in grate slots in its interior, in which the grate bars are further connected to one another by screwable connecting pieces in such a way that a grate slot is formed between two grate bars, in which a connecting channel runs in the interior of the connecting pieces, which connects the meandering channels of two grate bars and in which the grate bars positioned on the grate limitation can be screwed together - And have outlet pieces through which the liquid cooling medium water is supplied and removed.
  • the temperature on the grate bar surface is 90 to 110 ° C. This results in a reduction in wear on the grate and a high thermal load capacity of 0.9 to 1.1 MW / m 2 grate area. This has the consequence that the grate according to the invention can be built about 30% smaller than the known air-cooled grates with the same thermal output.
  • the meandering design of the channels arranged in the interior of the grate bars, in which the cooling medium flows, and the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces to be used according to the invention advantageously cooperate in such a way that the supply and removal of the cooling medium only from the grate limitation he follows; the individual grate bar blocks or several grate bar blocks can thus be supplied with the cooling medium by the grate limitation, which increases operational reliability.
  • the connecting pieces advantageously cause grate slots to form between the individual grate bars, which make up a grate bar block, and do not change their width during operation.
  • the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces grip around a grate support and are screwed to it and in which the meandering channels of the grate bars are connected to one another via the connecting channels of the connecting pieces.
  • This increases the dimensional accuracy of the grate bar blocks and the operational safety of the combustion grate.
  • the individual grate bar blocks are movable over the grate bar supports and / or that the combustion grate has an inclination angle of 8 to 11 °.
  • the mobility of the grate bar blocks does not reduce the operational safety of the combustion grate designed in accordance with the invention.
  • the combustion grate according to the invention can be designed, for example, as an inclined counter-running grate or as an inclined feed grate or as a horizontally arranged feed grate.
  • the grate slots have a width of 1 to 1.5 mm. This width of the grate slots guarantees that the fuel on the grate does not fall through the slots and that sufficient combustion air gets into the fuel layer.
  • the grate slots that exist between two grate bars do not change in width during operation, because the connecting pieces fix the individual grate bars so that a grate slot width of 1 to 1.5 mm is reliably maintained.
  • connections between the grate bars and the connecting pieces or the inlet and outlet pieces are sealed by a flush grinding of the contact surfaces of the workpieces and by graphite seals.
  • the interaction of the flush-ground contact surfaces of the workpieces with the graphite seals and with the screw connections of the individual workpieces provided according to the invention makes one absolute Reliable sealing of the cooling system is achieved, so that the operational safety of the combustion grate is guaranteed even during a long period of operation.
  • the grate bars are placed on the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces and are screwed to the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces by vertical screws.
  • the large contact surface and the screw connection ensure a good fixation of all workpieces and a secure seal of the cooling system.
  • the combustion grate according to the invention is followed by a horizontal, air-cooled combustion grate known per se. In this way, a high burnout of the fuel is advantageously achieved, although the thermal load capacity of the air-cooled combustion grate is only 0.5 to 0.8 MW / m 2 grate area.
  • the combustion grate according to the invention is followed by a second, horizontal, water-cooled combustion grate according to the invention, by means of which a high fuel burnout is achieved with a high thermal load capacity of the grate.
  • the afterburning can be improved according to the invention in that nozzles are arranged at the beginning of the second water-compatible air-cooled or water-cooled combustion grate, via which pulsed combustion air into the Combustion chamber is introduced, the pulsed air can also be preheated.
  • the horizontal, air-cooled combustion grate connected downstream of the combustion grate according to the invention has connecting and end pieces which have no connecting channels, but are otherwise designed in accordance with the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces.
  • Figure 1 shows a combustion grate according to the invention, which is followed by a horizontal, air-cooled combustion grate.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the structure of a grate bar block.
  • Figure 3 shows the connection between the grate bar block and grate bar support in detail.
  • the arrangement shown in Figure 1 consists of a combustion grate (1) according to the invention and a downstream, air-cooled, known combustion grate (2).
  • the combustion grate (1) has an inclination angle of 10 ° and is designed in its front part as a counter-rotating grate and in its rear part as a feed grate, these two constructions being part of the known prior art and working with movable grate bar blocks (3).
  • Both parts of the combustion grate (1) have a length of approx. 3.5 m and a width of 3 m. However, these dimensions can also be smaller or larger. The width can be varied according to the mass flow of the fuel.
  • the air-cooled The combustion grate (2) is arranged horizontally and has a length of approx.
  • the width of the air-cooled grates can also be varied in accordance with the mass flow of the fuel.
  • the combustion grate (1) is operated with an average thermal load of 0.94 MW / m 2
  • the air-cooled combustion grate (2) operates with a thermal load of 0.64 MW / m 2 .
  • the ash particles falling through the combustion grates (1) and (2) are collected in the ash funnels (4a), (4b) and (4c) and this ash is fed to the ash discharge (5), in which the ashes from the end of the combustion grate are also fed (2) is dropped. Waste is supplied to the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 via the allocation device (6).
  • the combustion air is introduced into the fuel layer from below via the ash funnels (4a, 4b, 4c) through the grids (1, 2).
  • the combustion grate (1) is operated with an average air ratio of approx. 1.1.
  • nozzles (not shown) are arranged in the drawing, via which pulsed, hot combustion air is introduced into the combustion chamber can.
  • the temperature in the combustion chamber i.e. above the fuel layer, is between 1100 and 950 ° C.
  • the temperature in the fuel layer is 700 to 800 ° C.
  • Combustion grate (1) has a temperature of 90 to 110 ° C due to water cooling. A temperature of 400 to 600 ° C prevails on the surface of the grate bar blocks of the combustion grate (2). It is obvious that the The combustion grate according to the invention cannot be designed as a roller grate or traveling grate, since in these constructions the cooling provided according to the invention cannot be realized with economically justifiable effort. It is possible to enter combustion air in the combustion chamber above the combustion grate (1). By introducing the combustion air into the combustion chamber, that is above the fuel layer, in particular an optimal combustion of the gaseous components emerging from the fuel is achieved. The combustion air which is introduced into the combustion chamber via the nozzles arranged on the grate stage (7) also promotes the combustion of the gaseous fuel components and the afterburning of the fuel.
  • the grate bar block (3) shown schematically in FIG. 2 consists of several grate bars (8a), (8b) and (8c).
  • the grate bars (8) have a length of 400 to 600 mm and a width of 400 to 700 mm.
  • the grate bar blocks (3) are arranged within the grate limitation (9a), (9b).
  • a meandering channel (10) is arranged in the interior of each grate bar (8) and has, for example, a diameter of 20 mm and in which the cooling medium water flows. The amount of cooling water is measured so that it has a temperature of 60 to 95 ° C after passing through one or more grate bar blocks (3); No steam is generated during the cooling process.
  • a plurality of grate slots (11) of the same length, width and shape are milled into the grate bars (8), the width of the grate slots (11) being 1 to 1.5 mm.
  • the fuel layer from below Combustion air supplied Through the rust slots (11) the fuel layer from below Combustion air supplied.
  • Each grate bar (8) has an inlet opening (12a) and an outlet opening for the cooling water
  • the cooling water is fed to the grate bar block (3) from the outside via the line (13) and passes through the line
  • inlet and outlet pieces (15a), (15b) are placed, which are connected to the grate bars (8a) and (8c). are screwed.
  • the lines (13) and (14) open into the inlet and outlet pieces (15a), (15b).
  • the grate bars (8a) and (8c) are connected to the grate bar (8b) by connecting pieces (16) placed on them and firmly positioned.
  • the connecting pieces (16) are screwed to the grate bars (8). All screws (20) used are led to the support surfaces at an angle of 90 °, ie, perpendicularly.
  • a connecting channel (17) through which the cooling water passes from one grate bar to the other.
  • the surfaces of the inlet and outlet pieces (15a), (15b) and the connecting pieces (16) resting on the grate bars (8) as well as the corresponding mating surfaces of the grate bars (8) are provided with a ground joint, which means that in cooperation with the screw connection high degree of tightness of the cooling system can be achieved.
  • the transition between the grate bars (8) and the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces is sealed by a graphite seal (21), so that ultimately a very reliable, durable and robust seal of the cooling system is achieved.
  • the individual grate bars (8) are so against each other by the connecting pieces (16) positioned that a rust slot (18) is formed between them, the width of which is also 1 to 1.5 mm.
  • the fixing of the grate bars (8) achieved with the connecting pieces (16) is so stable that the width of the grate slots (18) does not change during operation. It has been shown that the connection of the grate bars (8) by the connecting pieces (16) alone is sufficient to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the grate bar blocks (3).
  • the connection of the Ros rod block (3) consisting of several grate bars (8a, 8b, 8c) to the drive elements of the combustion grate is established via the grate bar support (19).
  • the inlet and outlet pieces (15a, 15b) and the connecting pieces (16) are firmly connected to the grate bar support (19). According to FIG. 3, this can be achieved in that the inlet and outlet pieces (15a, 15b) and the connecting pieces (16) grip around the grate bar support (19) flush and are screwed to both the grate bars (8) and the grate bar support (19) are.
  • the generally movable grate bar support (19) thus moves the grate bar block (3) via the inlet and outlet pieces (15a, 15b) acting as claws and the connecting pieces (16) and drives it.
EP97913176A 1996-12-06 1997-10-24 Grille de combustion a refroidissement par eau Expired - Lifetime EP0954722B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19650742 1996-12-06
DE19650742A DE19650742C1 (de) 1996-12-06 1996-12-06 Mit Wasser gekühlter Verbrennungsrost
PCT/EP1997/005893 WO1998025079A1 (fr) 1996-12-06 1997-10-24 Grille de combustion a refroidissement par eau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0954722A1 true EP0954722A1 (fr) 1999-11-10
EP0954722B1 EP0954722B1 (fr) 2001-05-23

Family

ID=7813893

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97913176A Expired - Lifetime EP0954722B1 (fr) 1996-12-06 1997-10-24 Grille de combustion a refroidissement par eau

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6145451A (fr)
EP (1) EP0954722B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3990463B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE201501T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19650742C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0954722T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2159126T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998025079A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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EP1617143A3 (fr) * 2004-07-15 2006-02-15 Lurgi Lentjes AG Barreau de grille, grille et incinerateur équipés dudit barreau

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AU2000266797A1 (en) * 2000-09-04 2002-03-22 Theodor Koch Grate bar with liquid cooling for incinerators
EP1355112A1 (fr) 2002-04-17 2003-10-22 Seghers Keppel Technology Group Barreau de grille d'incinérateur, méthode pour son refroidissement et procédé pour sa fabrication
CA2490433A1 (fr) * 2002-06-24 2003-12-31 John N. Basic, Sr. Grilles de secheur d'incinerateur a temperature reglable
DE10359400A1 (de) * 2003-12-18 2005-07-14 Khd Humboldt Wedag Ag Schüttgutkühler zum Kühlen von heißem Kühlgut
EP2362144A1 (fr) * 2010-02-19 2011-08-31 Seko-Patent GmbH Barreau de grille
US20120103319A1 (en) * 2010-11-01 2012-05-03 Sheridan James T Cooking Grill With Integrated Removable Roller Grate
DE102010055526A1 (de) * 2010-12-22 2012-06-28 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Festbrennstoffheizkessel
CN102721067B (zh) * 2012-07-11 2015-01-14 光大环保科技发展（北京）有限公司 一种水冷往复多级液压机械式炉排炉
DE102012107980A1 (de) * 2012-08-29 2014-03-06 M-S Consulting und Beteiligungs GmbH Kraftwerk zur Nutzung von in Dampf enthaltener Wärmeenergie und Verfahren zur Steuerung dafür
WO2018166587A1 (fr) * 2017-03-15 2018-09-20 Seko-Patent Gmbh Barreau de grille, grille et installation de combustion
KR102083304B1 (ko) * 2018-07-12 2020-03-02 (주)에스지이에너지 교체가 용이한 수냉식 화격자
CN108826963A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-16 沈阳精合数控科技开发有限公司 一种分体式链箅机箅板、连接结构及其制造方法
CN112628759A (zh) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-09 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 一种半水冷炉排结构及其焚烧炉

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EP1617143A3 (fr) * 2004-07-15 2006-02-15 Lurgi Lentjes AG Barreau de grille, grille et incinerateur équipés dudit barreau

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1998025079A1 (fr) 1998-06-11
ES2159126T3 (es) 2001-09-16
US6145451A (en) 2000-11-14
EP0954722B1 (fr) 2001-05-23
ATE201501T1 (de) 2001-06-15
DE19650742C1 (de) 1998-02-19
JP3990463B2 (ja) 2007-10-10
DK0954722T3 (da) 2001-09-10
DE59703629D1 (de) 2001-06-28
JP2001505295A (ja) 2001-04-17

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