EP0157920B2 - Rouleau de grille pour grille à rouleaux par exemple d'une installation d'incinération des ordures ou similaire - Google Patents
Rouleau de grille pour grille à rouleaux par exemple d'une installation d'incinération des ordures ou similaire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0157920B2 EP0157920B2 EP84114826A EP84114826A EP0157920B2 EP 0157920 B2 EP0157920 B2 EP 0157920B2 EP 84114826 A EP84114826 A EP 84114826A EP 84114826 A EP84114826 A EP 84114826A EP 0157920 B2 EP0157920 B2 EP 0157920B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grate
- bar
- roller
- roller according
- bars
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion
- F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion by discharging the air below the fire
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
- F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
- F23B1/165—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using roller grate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H17/00—Details of grates
- F23H17/12—Fire-bars
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H9/00—Revolving-grates; Rocking or shaking grates
- F23H9/02—Revolving cylindrical grates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a grate roller for a grate of a waste incineration plant or the like with a hollow shaft and a cylindrical support structure with grate bar supports on which arc-shaped grate bars are arranged with the outer web walls forming the combustion chamber-side roll shell, each grate bar having a cross section essentially T-shaped with a base bar and one Cross bar is formed, and wherein air gaps for the supply of primary air are formed in each case between the cross bars of two adjacent grate bars.
- a waste incineration plant in which the invention can be implemented for example, consists of a feed device with a reciprocating slide with which the waste is pushed into the combustion chamber through an opening in a filling shaft.
- the waste In the firebox, the waste is exposed to intense flame radiation.
- Downstream of the feed device is a roller grate in the firebox, which is designed as a sloping grate and consists of five or six grate rollers of approximately 1.5 m in diameter arranged one behind the other in a plane inclined at approximately 30 ° in the transport direction, so-called pockets being formed between the grate rollers.
- the most important design features of the grate roller are usually a hollow shaft mounted on both sides and a cylindrical support structure with radial walls for holding the axially extending grate bar supports, on which the circular-arc grate bars made of rust bar cast are lined up next to one another and one behind the other, with slots remaining free between adjacent bars.
- the grate bars form the jacket of the grate roller or the so-called grate covering. Due to the rotation of the grate roller, they are only temporarily exposed to fire and can cool down again in the air zones.
- Guide walls are arranged between the grate rollers, which seal the rollers from one another and, together with the grate rollers, form pockets in which the waste is turned.
- the roller grate is embedded in a sheet metal housing divided for each grate roller.
- the air is supplied to these zones from the side in controllable quantities. From the zones, the air should pass through the grate and the fuel waste bed into the combustion chamber.
- the drying and ignition of the easily combustible components have started.
- the garbage falls into the pocket formed by the first guide wall and the first grate roller as a slice or chunk of low thickness until the slowly rotating grate roller removes the material adhering to its surface from below out of your pocket. It passes through the grate roller into the second pocket between the first and second rollers. This process is repeated from roller to roller and brings an intensive turn of the garbage, which soon leads to a good base fire.
- the air distribution is adapted to this combustion pattern with the adjustable underwind zones.
- the amount of air added is low in the drying and ignition zone. It reaches its maximum in the main combustion zone and decays to a minimum in the burnout zone.
- the grate bars of a known type of grate rollers consist of a relatively narrow, from the side, arcuate web with two side walls, a head and a foot wall and a fire-side outer web wall.
- projecting tooth-like projections are arranged on each side wall at a regular distance from each other parallel to the direction of the axis of the grate roller, each projection of one side wall being positioned diagonally to the projection of the other side wall and the projections of a grate bar into the gaps between the projections of a grips laterally adjacent other grate bar, leaving a gap between adjacent grate bars of about 5 mm in width. As described, this gap is intended for supplying air.
- the grate bars are shaped so that they can be placed one behind the other in the circumferential direction on the grate bar supports and stored there in a stationary manner.
- the gaps between adjacent grate bars cannot be kept much narrower.
- the width of the gaps is in turn responsible for the fact that relatively thin, still unburned waste components can get through the gaps into the interior of the roller, which results in the effects described.
- Another grate roller for a roller grate for waste incineration is known from DE-B-1 164 014.
- the problem is also addressed here. that when garbage is burned by fractions of easily melting metals, there is a slight blockage of the rust coating in the gaps between the grate bars.
- the molten metal drips from the firing layer of the upper part through the grate gaps into the interior of the roller and thus onto the back of the lower grate bars passing through the cooling air space during the combustion process. This easily clogs the rust gap in the lower run, into which the metal flows and cools there. According to this publication, this falling through of molten metal through the inside of the roller onto the cool grate bars of the lower run is to be made impossible.
- each grate roller consists of a hollow shaft that has holders for grate bar supports.
- Cross-sectionally T-shaped grate bars are suspended between the grate bar supports in such a way that they form the casing of the grate roller.
- air slots are formed between the grate bars.
- the abutting side surfaces of two adjacent grate bars are kept at a distance by spacers. But this distance is obviously, i.e. the gap or slot width, so large that - as in the prior art described above - disadvantageously during combustion e.g.
- molten metals or the like can enter the louvers, which can lead to caking, through which the louvers gradually become clogged, so that frequent maintenance work is required.
- the present invention is based on the object of completely preventing the penetration of any substances, in particular also thin substances, into the air gaps, so that downtimes due to repairs are also avoided .
- the waste incineration plant according to FIG. 1 has a feed device 1, through which the waste (not shown) is pushed onto a roller grate 2 inclined in the transport direction.
- the roller grate 2 is constructed from a plurality of rotatable grate rollers 3 arranged side by side in the transport direction, pockets 4 being formed between adjacent grate rollers.
- the roller grate 2 is embedded in a sheet metal housing 5 divided for each grate roller. Air is supplied to these zones from the side in controllable quantities. Since all other parts of the waste incineration plant are not related to the invention, they are not described because they are known.
- Each grate roller 3 is laterally supported by a hollow shaft 6 in the corresponding sheet metal housing 5 (FIG. 2).
- the cylindrical support structure of the grate roller is located between the bearings. It essentially consists of radially extending walls or support webs 7, which are arranged at a distance from one another on the hollow shaft and on which rest the grate bar supports 8, which extend axially and are spaced apart on the circumference of the roller. Roller baskets 9 are formed between the walls 7, in which, according to a feature of the invention, air baffles 10 are arranged obliquely to the longitudinal axis direction of the roller. On the grate bar supports 8 are grate bars 11. The lines 12 and arrows 13 in FIG. 2 indicate the air path that the air is to take from the sheet metal housing 5 through the grate roller 3 into the combustion chamber 14. The other parts of a grate roller are for the Invention is immaterial, which is why they are not mentioned in the context of this description.
- a grate bar 11 according to the invention is essentially T-shaped in cross-section (FIG. 4) and consists of the transverse web 15 and the base web 16. It has the outer web wall 17 and the inner web wall 18 as well as the side walls 19 and 20, the head wall 21 and the foot wall 22, the transverse web being provided with side edge surfaces 23 and 24.
- the design of the head and foot walls is known and is insignificant to the invention, which is why it is not explained.
- a grate roller according to the invention is characterized in that it is equipped with grate bars according to the invention and the gap 25 between adjacent grate bars on the combustion chamber side at the edges 26 is approximately 2 millimeters, in particular 1 millimeter and less. It can be advantageous here if the individual rolls have different gap widths, depending on their position in the combustion zone. Here, the smallest gap width should be present in the roller, which is arranged in the main combustion zone, since there the slag is usually the most liquid, so that there is the greatest risk that the liquid slag can run into the interior.
- the rolls with the larger gap width have manufacturing advantages because they can be manufactured with greater tolerances.
- the side walls 19 and 20 lead in the upper third with an arc 28 to the edge 27, which creates a kind of pointed vault 29 between adjacent grate bars (FIG. 5). It is also advantageous if the base web 16 widens evenly upwards, the widening possibly extending to the edge 27 without an arc. The latter features support the action of the slots 25.
- the primary air supply can be carried out through the 2 mm wide and narrower grate gaps 25.
- the nozzle-shaped gap 25 increases the air speed, in particular in combination with the arch shape 29, so that care is taken to ensure that the rust roller nips 25 remain free during operation for the supply of the primary air, which is one of the most important physical components for the combustion.
- a balanced distribution of the combustion air over the entire grate surface of the individual rollers is ensured by the invention.
- gap widths of less than or equal to 1 millimeter in width counteract the dripping of the melts due to the surface tension of light metal melts.
- a certain flow rate is reached which prevents it. that the liquid slag can clog the grates or penetrate the roller.
- This flow rate depends largely on the ratio of the gap width to the distance between the base webs 16. A ratio of 1/25 to 1150 [gap width / distance] is expedient here.
- the shape of the new grate bars enables higher surface pressures so that the risk of breakage of a grate bar is minimized.
- Defective bars are known to block the rollers and cause an emergency shutdown of a system, which leads to considerable economic disadvantages.
- the width of the transverse webs 15 is preferably forty to forty-eight mm and the base webs 16 is approximately 18 mm, in particular twenty to twenty-five gaps being provided per meter of the roll length.
- the prescribed cleaning intervals according to the manufacturer's instructions are approximately 4000 hours. With the new grate roller, self-cleaning takes place through primary air supply. The cleaning time of around 250 hours per roller required according to previous experience can be omitted.
- wipers 30 made of steel bristles 31 between the adjacent rollers 3 in the pockets 4, which are fastened next to one another in a clamping rail 32.
- the length of the wipers corresponds to the length of the roller.
- the distance between the bristles 31 is preferably 10 to 15 mm, the diameter is in particular 20 to 25 mm.
- the distance between the free bristle ends and the roller surface is approximately 10 to 15 mm.
- the advantage achieved by using the bristle wipers over the known wipers formed from sheet metal is the flexibility achieved, since jamming of foreign bodies in the gap between the roller and wiper can practically no longer occur. This largely prevents damage to the roller grate bars and the roller drive.
- the greater permeability of the bristles also improves ventilation of the gusset space between the rollers.
- the invention therefore takes a path that is opposite to that of the prior art.
- the previous teaching required the widest possible gaps between the grate bars so that sufficient air can be passed through.
- the gaps are narrowed, but the shape of the grate bars ensures that the primary air is forced through the gaps at high speed, so that substances from the garbage cannot penetrate into the interior of the roller through the gaps for long periods and also cannot smear the columns.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Claims (12)
- Rouleau de grille (3) pour une grille à rouleaux (2) d'une installation d'incinération des ordures ménagères ou similaire, avec un arbre creux (6) et une structure porteuse cylindrique avec des supports de barreaux de grille sur lesquels sont disposés des barreaux de grille (11) en forme d'arc de cercle avec des parois extérieures (17) formant le bandage des rouleaux du côté du foyer, tandis que chaque barreau de grille (11) est formé avec une section essentiellement en forme de T avec une barrette de base (16) et une barrette transversale (15), et tandis qu'à chaque fois entre les barrettes transversales (15) de deux barreaux de grille adjacents (11), sont formées des fentes d'air (25) pour l'introduction de l'air primaire, avec une section en forme de buse telle que l'air primaire introduit prenne une vitesse d'écoulement assez élevée pour qu'il empêche la pénétration de matières dans la fente d'air (25), les fentes d'air (25), présentant du côté du foyer une largeur inférieure ou égale à 2 mm.
- Rouleau de grille selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la barrette transversale (15) de chaque barreau de grille (11) présente des surfaces d'arêtes latérales planes (23, 24) qui, en partant de la paroi extérieure (17) du côté du foyer, sont inclinées en direction de la barrette de base (16) de façon telle que la fente d'air (25) vue en coupe en forme de buse se rétrécisse en forme de coin vers le foyer.
- Rouleau de grille selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la barrette transversale (15) de chaque barreau de grille (11) présente des surfaces d'arêtes latérales planes (23, 24) qui s'étendent à angle droit par rapport à la paroi extérieure (17) du côté du foyer et sont parallèles entre elles.
- Rouleau de grille selon une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la fente d'air (25) présente du côté du foyer une largeur inférieure ou égale à 1 millimètre.
- Rouleau de grille selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, dans la structure porteuse, des tôles directrices d'air (10) sont disposées obliquement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du rouleau.
- Rouleau de grille selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un espace (29) d'admission d'air en forme de voute pointue, formé par les barreaux de grille 11, est disposé en avant des fentes (25) en forme de buse ou en forme de coin.
- Rouleau de grille selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le rapport de la largeur de la fente à l'écart des barrettes de base (16) est compris entre 1/25 et 1/50.
- Rouleau de grille selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que vingt à vingt-cinq fentes (25) sont formées par mètre de longueur de rouleau.
- Rouleau de grille selon une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par un racloir (30) constitué par des brosses d'acier distinctes.
- Rouleau de grille selon une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la barrette de base (16) de chaque barreau de grille (11) présente des parois latérales (19, 20) qui se raccordent à la barrette transversale (15) par un arc (28) dans le tiers supérieur.
- Rouleau de grille selon une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la barrette de base (16) de chaque barreau de grille (11) s'élargit uniformément vers le haut.
- Rouleau de grille selon une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de la barrette transversale (15) de chaque barreau de grille (11) est de quarante à quarante huit millimètres et celle de la barrette de base (16) est d'environ dix-huit millimètres.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3346747 | 1983-12-23 | ||
DE3346747 | 1983-12-23 | ||
DE19843420020 DE3420020A1 (de) | 1983-12-23 | 1984-05-29 | Roststab sowie rostwalze fuer den walzenrost z.b. einer muellverbrennungsanlage oder dergleichen |
DE3420020 | 1984-05-29 |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0157920A2 EP0157920A2 (fr) | 1985-10-16 |
EP0157920A3 EP0157920A3 (en) | 1987-05-20 |
EP0157920B1 EP0157920B1 (fr) | 1989-07-26 |
EP0157920B2 true EP0157920B2 (fr) | 1995-05-31 |
Family
ID=25816737
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84114826A Expired - Lifetime EP0157920B2 (fr) | 1983-12-23 | 1984-12-06 | Rouleau de grille pour grille à rouleaux par exemple d'une installation d'incinération des ordures ou similaire |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4610209A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0157920B2 (fr) |
CS (1) | CS273159B2 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE3420020A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE59005994D1 (de) * | 1989-05-10 | 1994-07-14 | Babcock Anlagen Ag | Roststab und Rostwalze. |
FR2647532B1 (fr) * | 1989-05-25 | 1991-09-06 | Picard Fours | Rouleau de grille de foyer, notamment pour incineration de dechets, avec un garnissage tubulaire forme d'anneaux de barreaux separes par des intervalles de soufflage de largeur maintenue |
US5042401A (en) * | 1990-06-04 | 1991-08-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Water cooled rolling grate incinerator |
DE4300636C1 (de) * | 1993-01-13 | 1994-07-14 | Rbu Rolf Becker Gmbh Ingieneur | Walzenrost zum Betrieb eines Verbrennungskessels |
DE4316343A1 (de) * | 1993-05-15 | 1994-11-17 | Babcock Energie Umwelt | Walzenrost für Verbrennungsanlagen |
DE4322909A1 (de) * | 1993-07-09 | 1995-01-12 | Lentjes Kraftwerkstechnik | Vorrichtung zur Aufgabe von Brennstoff auf einen Walzenrost |
DE4322908A1 (de) * | 1993-07-09 | 1995-01-26 | Lentjes Kraftwerkstechnik | Walzenrost |
BR7900232U (pt) * | 1999-02-03 | 2000-09-05 | Vale Do Rio Doce Co | Aperfeiçoamento em barra de grelha para fornos de pelotização e sinterização |
AT410128B (de) * | 2000-11-08 | 2003-02-25 | Ferdinand Dipl Ing Tischler | Rost für feste brennstoffe |
DE102004011834A1 (de) | 2004-03-09 | 2005-10-06 | Fisia Babcock Environment Gmbh | Walzenrost |
DE102007020515B4 (de) * | 2007-04-29 | 2013-08-22 | Wvt Breiding Gmbh | Axial auf einen Walzenrost aufschiebbarer Roststab, Roststab-Satz und Walzenrost |
CZ304869B6 (cs) | 2013-04-05 | 2014-12-17 | Josa S.R.O. | Rošt pro spalovací zařízení zejména pro spalování pelet na bázi biomasy |
CN105465801B (zh) * | 2016-01-05 | 2018-05-08 | 任丘市创新采暖设备有限公司 | 双向分料自动除渣旋转炉排 |
RU185323U1 (ru) * | 2018-07-01 | 2018-11-30 | Сергей Петрович Семенихин | Колосник |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD19558A (fr) * | ||||
AT62478B (de) * | 1911-03-14 | 1913-12-10 | Augustus Francis Davis | Roststab. |
US1961098A (en) * | 1929-03-06 | 1934-05-29 | Loraine L Denker | Mechanical stoker |
US2501763A (en) * | 1945-03-26 | 1950-03-28 | Charles T Denker | Solid fuel furnace of the rotary grate progressive feed type |
US3078839A (en) * | 1961-02-17 | 1963-02-26 | Earland R Mitchell | Dump grate |
DE1164014B (de) * | 1962-05-25 | 1964-02-27 | Ver Kesselwerke Ag | Rostwalze fuer Walzenrost zur Muellverbrennung |
DE1526112A1 (de) * | 1965-10-19 | 1970-01-08 | Ver Kesselwerke Ag | Walzenrost fuer Muellverbrennung sehr grosser Leistung |
-
1984
- 1984-05-29 DE DE19843420020 patent/DE3420020A1/de active Granted
- 1984-11-28 US US06/675,888 patent/US4610209A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-12-06 EP EP84114826A patent/EP0157920B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-12-06 DE DE8484114826T patent/DE3479150D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-12-19 CS CS1000684A patent/CS273159B2/cs unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0157920A2 (fr) | 1985-10-16 |
DE3420020C2 (fr) | 1987-10-29 |
DE3420020A1 (de) | 1985-07-04 |
EP0157920A3 (en) | 1987-05-20 |
CS273159B2 (en) | 1991-03-12 |
US4610209A (en) | 1986-09-09 |
EP0157920B1 (fr) | 1989-07-26 |
DE3479150D1 (en) | 1989-08-31 |
CS1000684A2 (en) | 1990-07-12 |
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