EP0925377A1 - Verschleissbeständige nockenwelle und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung - Google Patents
Verschleissbeständige nockenwelle und verfahren zu ihrer herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP0925377A1 EP0925377A1 EP97943775A EP97943775A EP0925377A1 EP 0925377 A1 EP0925377 A1 EP 0925377A1 EP 97943775 A EP97943775 A EP 97943775A EP 97943775 A EP97943775 A EP 97943775A EP 0925377 A1 EP0925377 A1 EP 0925377A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- wear
- energy source
- camshaft
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/007—Ledeburite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
Definitions
- the invention relates to the production of highly wear-resistant ledeburitic surface layers of machine components made of cast iron. Objects in which their application is possible and expedient are all cast iron components subject to lubrication sliding wear.
- the invention is particularly advantageous for the production of engine components, such as. B. camshafts, rocker arms, rocker arms, cylinder liners or the like can be used.
- Ledeburitic surface layers have a very good wear resistance with sliding wear under hydrodynamic or mixed friction conditions.
- the cams produced in this way have a coarse solidification structure, which consists of relatively coarse ledeburitic cementite and pearlite in the metallic matrix.
- tempering zones arise which are characterized by property-related unfavorable damage to the remelting structure due to the renewed exposure to temperature as a result of the slow oscillation of the TIG torch.
- a disadvantage of cams produced in this way is that the wear resistance is too low.
- the reason for the low wear resistance lies in the coarse structure and the additional coarsening of the structure within the tempering zone.
- the umgeschmotze ⁇ e ⁇ cam areas consist of a 0.3 mm to about 0.8 mm deep remelt zone.
- the remelting zone contains ledeburitic cementite and pearlite in the metallic matrix.
- a newly periitized zone of slightly higher hardness than that of the initial state is formed. The hardness drop starts directly at the edge of the melting zone and is relatively rugged.
- cams produced in this way are that they do not achieve the wear resistance that is actually possible for such finely dispersed microstructure formation of the ledeburitic cementite.
- the reason for this is that the pearlite in the metallic matrix has a lower wear resistance than the cementite and therefore represents the weak point of the structure.
- the deficiency of the process is that pearlite is formed both within the remelting zone and in the re-austenitizing zone below.
- a surface layer structure that is optimal for wear stress requires a layer structure consisting of a thin layer near the surface, which is able to absorb the adhesive loads, plastic deformations and cyclic elastic-plastic micro-expansions that occur with the tribological load, and an underlying support layer, which supports the stresses due to the Hertz pressure.
- This support layer can only be formed by a remelting layer. The greater remelting depth required for this leads to economic disadvantages because of the lower feed rate required for this.
- a cam with a surface layer structure which is better adapted to the wear load became known from PS EP 0 161 624.
- the cam edge layer contains a cementite layer with a large proportion of cementite and underneath a martensitic layer, the remelting layer having a depth of 0.3 to 1.5 mm and the hardening zone underneath having a thickness of 0.3 to 2.0 mm.
- the method consists in melting the cams without preheating using a TIG arc and then solidifying them by self-quenching.
- a subsequent PS EP 0 194 506
- additional cooling is carried out through the central oil hole with water or a water-air mixture in the longitudinal axis of the camshaft.
- Preheating can be dispensed with without any consequences for the formation of cracks, since a very low output of 1360-2600 W is used at very low rotational speeds of 0.7 to 1.0 rpm. This corresponds to feed speeds of 80 to 130 mm / min. At these minor Feed speeds run the introduced heat in front of the remelting spot and penetrates very deeply into the cam during remelting. The quenching speed is reduced so much that the cracking tension is no longer reached during cooling. However, the solidification speed also reduces the solidification speed. which leads to a coarser formation of the ledeburitic cementite compared to laser or electron beam remelted cams
- cams treated in this way have improved wear resistance compared to cams remelted with TIG. This can only be due to the fact that the pearlite formed in the metallic matrix is significantly more finely striped due to the higher cooling rate when it is formed. However, the potential for improving the properties through finely dispersed cementite formation cannot be used.
- cams produced in this way are therefore that they do not have wear-optimized outer layers.
- the reason for this is the relatively coarse formation of the solidification structure due to the narrow rate of solidification and the formation of tempering zones
- the aim of the invention is to propose a camshaft that is better protected against sliding wear and a method for its production
- the invention is based on the object, a microstructure and an edge layer structure for camshafts and similarly loaded components made of cast iron To be specified to better meet the conditions of use of sliding wear with high stresses under hydrodynamic or mixed friction conditions. Furthermore, a method is to be specified which works for setting finely dispersed structures with high power densities, avoids cracking even without thorough preheating and at the same time largely suppresses the formation of coarse pearlites by a relatively high cooling rate between 600 ° C and 350 ° C.
- this object is achieved with a wear-resistant camshaft made of cast iron, the edge layer of which consists of a ledeburitic remelting layer with a high cementite content and an underlying martensitic hardening zone, as shown in claims 1 and 2.
- the remelting layer consists of finely dispersed ledeburitic cementite with wall thicknesses of £ 1 ⁇ m and a metallic matrix made of a phase mixture of martensite and / or bainite, residual austenite and less than 20% fine-streaked pearlite with a lamella spacing ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the hardening layer underneath consists of a phase mixture of martensite and / or bainite, dissolved pearlite and residual austenite.
- the depths t s of the remelting layer specified in claim 2 are somewhat smaller according to the invention than known according to the prior art and thus use the supporting effect of the layer below in an economically advantageous manner.
- the object is achieved by a method for producing the wear-resistant camshaft with the aid of a high-energy remelting method as specified in claims 3 to 16.
- tempering zones can be avoided due to excessive temperature fluctuations during the remelting.
- the expedient embodiment of the invention described in claim 5 makes use of the fact that the dimensions of the energy beam in the feed direction and perpendicular to it can be set relatively flexibly and independently of one another by a rapid beam oscillation and that the temperature oscillations are small enough at the specified oscillation frequencies Avoid starting zones. As a result, short weld pool lifetimes can be achieved even with wide cams.
- the power density distribution of the energy beam can thus be adapted to the heat dissipation conditions which change towards the cam edge and the effects of the surface tension of the melt.
- Claims 6 and 8 to 13 indicate cheap energy sources which can be used according to the invention.
- Claims 14 and 15 make advantageous use of the fact that the structure of the structure which is essential for the sliding wear properties can be significantly changed via relatively small changes in the chemical composition of the cast iron.
- FIG. 1 The associated drawings show the superimposition of two short-term temperature cycles according to the invention (FIG. 1) and a schematic comparison of the temperature-time profile according to the invention with those known from the prior art (FIG. 2).
- a cast iron camshaft with a chemical composition of 2.5 ... 3.2% C; 1.6 ... 2.5% Si; 0.3 ... 1.0% Mn; ⁇ 0.2% P; ⁇ 0.12% S; ⁇ 0.6% Cu; ⁇ 0.15% Ti; ⁇ 0.2% Ni; ⁇ 0.3% Cr; ⁇ 0.3% Mo; S c ⁇ 0.9 should be provided with an optimally wear-resistant and economically producible surface layer.
- the cam diameter is 36 mm and the cam width is 14 mm.
- the hardness of the initial structure is 250 HV 0.05.
- the graphite formation is lamellar, the matrix almost completely pearlitic.
- the realized temperature-time profile is shown schematically in FIG.
- Inductive energy input is selected as the method for generating the temperature-time cycle T1.
- the generator is an MF generator and has a frequency of 10 kHz.
- the inductor is a single-winding ring inductor with a winding thickness of 8 mm x 8 mm and a coupling distance of 2.0 mm.
- a 5.0 kW CO 2 laser serves as the energy source for generating the temperature-time cycle T2.
- the laser beam is focused with an off-axis parabolic mirror with a focal length of 400 mm.
- the cam surface is 30 mm out of focus.
- the camshaft After the camshaft has been clamped in, it is rotated at a speed of 300 rpm.
- the induction generator is rated at 70 kW set.
- the power density p 1 is 4000 W / cm 2.
- the laser is switched on as energy source S 2 .
- the laser beam has the dimensions 16 mm x 2.5 mm, which leads to an average power density at the beam exit of approximately 1.15 • 10 4 W / cm 2 .
- a CNC-programmed rotary movement of the cam is started with a relative feed speed of the laser beam of 600 mm / min as well as the corresponding compensating movements of the z-axis to keep the focus distance constant and the y-axis to ensure the vertical beam incidence
- the cam After switching off the laser, the cam cools in air. Because the temperature field of the inductive preheating at the beginning of the laser beam melting only reached about 3 mm into the cam, self-quenching is sufficient to suppress continuous or coarse pearlite formation
- the result of the treatment is a 0.4 mm thick ledebu ⁇ tician layer with an average hardness of 780 HV0.05 It consists of finely dispersed cementite with a wall thickness of about 1 micron, residual austenite, martensite and bainite. The periite content is less than 20%. This is followed by a martensitic support layer with a thickness of 0.65 mm. In it, the hardness drops continuously from 780 HV0.05 to 400 HV0.05. It mainly consists of martensite, residual austenite, bainite and dissolved pearlite. The surface layers are free of cracks
- Wear tests in a sliding sliding wear test showed an increase in load carrying capacity of 20% compared to conventionally preheated in the oven at 450 ° C and then laser remelted with the same parameters.
- the contents of martensite, austenite, bainite and pearlite can be changed by varying the preheating time t-- the temperature-time cycle T 1 hm at longer times and the peak temperature T 1 max at higher temperatures.
- a higher periite content can also be set for wear stresses at higher temperatures without violating the inventive concept.
- the increase in the laser feed rate makes the formation of cementite even more finely dispersed.
- FIG. 2 the method according to the invention is compared with the prior art.
- ⁇ t 2a range Mp of periite formation Due to the long weld pool life and the low quenching rate, the cementite formation becomes very coarse.
- Laser or electron beam remelting after conventional preheating (dash-dotted line), on the other hand, has very high heating speeds, short melt bath life and large solidification and quenching speeds, which lead to finer cementite formation because of the high
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19637464 | 1996-09-13 | ||
DE19637464A DE19637464C1 (de) | 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-13 | Verschleißbeständige Nockenwelle und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
PCT/DE1997/002072 WO1998011262A1 (de) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-09-12 | Verschleissbeständige nockenwelle und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0925377A1 true EP0925377A1 (de) | 1999-06-30 |
EP0925377B1 EP0925377B1 (de) | 2001-12-12 |
Family
ID=7805614
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97943775A Expired - Lifetime EP0925377B1 (de) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-09-12 | Verschleissbeständige nockenwelle und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6398881B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0925377B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2001503104A (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ295308B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19637464C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998011262A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10137776C1 (de) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-04-17 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von verschleissbeständigen Randschichten |
WO2006123497A1 (ja) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. | 摺動部材 |
DE102005054709A1 (de) * | 2005-11-17 | 2007-05-31 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gleit-und/oder Gegenringen einer Gleitringdichtung |
US20070116889A1 (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-05-24 | Federal Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Laser treatment of metal |
DE102005061980B4 (de) * | 2005-12-23 | 2010-02-18 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Nockenwelle und Nockenwelle |
US20070254111A1 (en) * | 2006-04-26 | 2007-11-01 | Lineton Warran B | Method for forming a tribologically enhanced surface using laser treating |
US20090078343A1 (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2009-03-26 | Atlas Copco Secoroc Llc | Earthboring tool and method of casehardening |
DE102013008396B4 (de) | 2013-05-17 | 2015-04-02 | G. Rau Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Umschmelzen und/oder Umschmelzlegieren metallischer Werkstoffe, insbesondere von Nitinol |
GB201600645D0 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-02-24 | Rolls Royce Plc | Improvements in additive layer manufacturing methods |
DE102019003511A1 (de) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-11-19 | VoItabox AG | Verfahren zum thermischen und insbesondere stoffschlüssigen Verbinden, vorzugsweise Verschweißen, von Aluminiumgehäuseteilen |
US20220314372A1 (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | System and method for making an enhanced cast iron workpiece having increased lubricant retention |
WO2023249954A2 (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-12-28 | Cummins Inc. | Systems and methods for improving iron-based camshaft fatigue life |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2209147B2 (de) * | 1972-02-26 | 1975-09-18 | Steigerwald Strahltechnik Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren zur Vermeidung der Porenbildung innerhalb energiestrahl-umgeschmolzener Werkstoffbereiche |
JPS59188001A (ja) | 1983-03-26 | 1984-10-25 | Mazda Motor Corp | ロ−タリピストンエンジンのアペックスシ−ルおよびその製造法 |
JPS60234169A (ja) | 1984-05-07 | 1985-11-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | 再溶融チルカムシヤフトおよびその製造方法 |
JPS61246320A (ja) * | 1985-03-01 | 1986-11-01 | Toyota Motor Corp | 再溶融チルカムシヤフトの製造方法 |
JPH01190907A (ja) * | 1988-01-25 | 1989-08-01 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 再溶融チルカムシャフト |
DE3916684A1 (de) | 1989-05-23 | 1990-11-29 | Opel Adam Ag | Verfahren zum umschmelzhaerten von oberflaechen |
JP3036648B2 (ja) | 1990-09-27 | 2000-04-24 | マツダ株式会社 | 再溶融硬化処理方法及びその装置 |
DE4237484A1 (de) | 1992-11-06 | 1994-05-11 | Mauser Werke Oberndorf | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Umschmelzen einer Werkstückoberfläche eines Werkstückes, insbesondere einer Nocken- oder Kurbelwelle |
DE4241527A1 (de) * | 1992-12-10 | 1994-06-16 | Opel Adam Ag | Verfahren zum Aufhärten und ggf. Glätten von Maschinenbauteilen sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellten Maschinenbauteilen |
DE4309870A1 (de) | 1993-03-26 | 1994-09-29 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Umschmelzen von Oberflächenbereichen von Werkstücken |
DE59403740D1 (de) * | 1993-05-19 | 1997-09-18 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur materialbearbeitung mit diodenstrahlung |
-
1996
- 1996-09-13 DE DE19637464A patent/DE19637464C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-12 DE DE59705796T patent/DE59705796D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-12 CZ CZ1999838A patent/CZ295308B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-12 JP JP10513161A patent/JP2001503104A/ja active Pending
- 1997-09-12 US US09/254,704 patent/US6398881B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-12 EP EP97943775A patent/EP0925377B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-12 WO PCT/DE1997/002072 patent/WO1998011262A1/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9811262A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59705796D1 (de) | 2002-01-24 |
CZ295308B6 (cs) | 2005-07-13 |
DE19637464C1 (de) | 1997-10-09 |
EP0925377B1 (de) | 2001-12-12 |
US6398881B1 (en) | 2002-06-04 |
CZ83899A3 (cs) | 2000-05-17 |
JP2001503104A (ja) | 2001-03-06 |
WO1998011262A1 (de) | 1998-03-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1285719B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von verschleissbeständigen Randschichten mittels Laser | |
AT16699U2 (de) | Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von Aluminium-beschichteten Stahlblechen | |
DE19637464C1 (de) | Verschleißbeständige Nockenwelle und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
DE19637465C1 (de) | Verfahren zum Strahlschweißen von härtbaren Stählen mittels Kurzzeitwärmebehandlung | |
EP3676047A1 (de) | VERFAHREN ZUM LASERSTRAHLSCHWEIßEN EINES ODER MEHRERER STAHLBLECHE AUS PRESSHÄRTBAREM MANGAN-BORSTAHL | |
DE3202788A1 (de) | Zylinderlaufbuechse | |
WO2019166498A1 (de) | VERFAHREN ZUR SCHWEIßVORBEHANDLUNG BESCHICHTETER STAHLBLECHE | |
EP0601451B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Aufhärten und ggf. Glätten von Maschinenbauteilen sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellten Maschinenbauteilen | |
EP2160267A1 (de) | Schmelzbehandelter muldenrand einer kolben-brennraummulde | |
DE19611929C1 (de) | Schichtverbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenhärte von Schichtverbundwerkstoffen | |
DE2263174A1 (de) | Verfahren zur ausbildung einer gehaerteten schicht auf einem kohlenstoffenthaltendem gusstueck auf eisen-basis | |
DE4340568C2 (de) | Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Vergüten von Stahldraht | |
DE102009011569B3 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Härten von Kurbelwellen | |
DE10157403B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Schweißen von Bauteilen | |
WO1983000051A1 (en) | Remelting hardening | |
DE3418555C1 (de) | Verfahren zum Umschmelzhaerten der Oberflaeche von Zylindern aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Gusseisen | |
EP1153686A2 (de) | Verfahren zur Bruchtrennung in Bauteilen oder deren Vormaterial | |
WO2000001858A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer verengung in einer zylinderbohrung | |
DE836358C (de) | Oberflaechenhaerteverfahren | |
EP0617134B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Umschmelzen von Oberflächenbereichen von Werkstücken | |
CH664579A5 (en) | Surface hardening of high carbon content material - e.g. cast iron, by plasma surface remelting avoiding martensite prodn. | |
DE10164980B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Elektronenstrahl-Schweißen von Bauteilen | |
WO1980002434A1 (en) | Surface hardening of metals by electric arc discharge | |
DE2553601C3 (de) | Elektroschlacke-Schweißverfahren | |
DD214657A1 (de) | Laufflaeche von kolbenringen |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19990216 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20010110 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59705796 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20020124 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20020226 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20140922 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20140923 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20140925 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20140917 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 59705796 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150912 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20150912 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20160531 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160401 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150912 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150930 |