EP0918309B2 - Verriegelungssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Detektor zum Feststellen der Annäherung des Benutzers - Google Patents

Verriegelungssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Detektor zum Feststellen der Annäherung des Benutzers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0918309B2
EP0918309B2 EP98402881A EP98402881A EP0918309B2 EP 0918309 B2 EP0918309 B2 EP 0918309B2 EP 98402881 A EP98402881 A EP 98402881A EP 98402881 A EP98402881 A EP 98402881A EP 0918309 B2 EP0918309 B2 EP 0918309B2
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Prior art keywords
capacitance
user
vehicle
dipole
value
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EP98402881A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0918309B1 (de
EP0918309A1 (de
Inventor
Vincent Portet
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Valeo Comfort and Driving Assistance SAS
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Valeo Securite Habitacle SAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/26—Electrical actuation by proximity of an intruder causing variation in capacitance or inductance of a circuit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00658—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys
    • G07C9/00714—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys with passive electrical components, e.g. resistor, capacitor, inductor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a motor vehicle equipped with a system for detecting the approach of a user.
  • Such detection systems are already used in certain motor vehicles to automatically trigger the unlocking of a door lock or an authorization for opening the door, as soon as the user approaches, without the latter needing to use a key or a remote control.
  • a system generally called “hands-free access system”, which system is to activate a remote exchange of information between an identifier on the vehicle and an identifier worn by the user. 'user.
  • the lock will be unlocked, allowing the user to open the door by simply pulling on the door pallet.
  • the identifier and / or the identifier must be able to be activated at all times because the approach of the vehicle by the user is unpredictable. Therefore, it has already been proposed to use a system for approach detection or entry of the pallet by the user, to activate the identifier of the vehicle only when the user prepares to open the door.
  • EP-A-0735219 discloses a system for detecting the user's approach to waking up the on-board interrogation device, using an antenna connected to a Doppler, volumetric, or infra-red type of waking sensor.
  • the document DE No. 196 17 038 discloses a motor vehicle having a first electrode integrated with a handle of a door, a second electrode on the surface of the door, a capacitive detector integrated in the door handle, the capacitive sensor being connected by an electrical connection to the unit centralized control unit, a voltage of opposite poles being applied to the two electrodes and, to produce an electric field, between the handle and the door, the insertion of the user's hand between the two electrodes modifying the electric field, this modification being measured by the capacitive detector which can thus trigger the interrogation for the purpose of identifying the user.
  • a capacitive detector integrated in the door handle, the capacitive sensor being connected by an electrical connection to the unit centralized control unit, a voltage of opposite poles being applied to the two electrodes and, to produce an electric field, between the handle and the door, the insertion of the user's hand between the two electrodes modifying the electric field, this modification being measured by the capacitive detector which can thus trigger the interrogation for the purpose of
  • the aim of the invention is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose a motor vehicle equipped with a new approach detection system of a user, allowing a detection, which is anticipated compared with that of a contactor pallet and whose cost is lower than that of an optical detector or ultrasound, without the need for connection by connectors or additional electrical harness with the pallet.
  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle equipped with a user approach detection system, as defined in claim 1.
  • This capacitance detection could be processed by an electronic module, for example, previously integrated into the lock of a vehicle door, to control various functions, such as door lock unlocking, as well as the transfer of the door lock. information on the state of a lock to other locks.
  • the aforementioned surface is part of an opening pallet of a vehicle opening, for example, a door, a gas door, a trunk, said pallet being connected to a door lock by a mechanical linkage which is electrically conductive and isolated from the mass of the vehicle to serve as an electrical connection between said surface and said generator.
  • the aforementioned dipole is formed, on the one hand, by the mass of the vehicle and, on the other hand, by the whole of said surface and the mechanical connection, which can be constituted, for example, by a sheathed cable or a control rod actuating a lever for opening the lock of the opening.
  • the detector is arranged to activate an identifier on the vehicle, which identifier, in the first place, checks, when activated, whether the user has an authorized identifier and, secondly, whether the verification shows that the identifier is recognized correct, controlled at least one function of the vehicle, for example the unlocking of a sash lock.
  • the device comprises a system for performing an automatic recalibration of the aforementioned threshold value. For example, when the detected capacity value remains stably greater than the threshold value Cs for a predetermined duration, for example of the order of 30 s, the minimum capacity value Cmin then takes this new capacity value. detected. Conversely, when the detected capacitance value remains stably lower than the minimum capacitance value Cmin for a predetermined duration, for example of the order of 2 s, Cmin then takes this new capacitance value detected.
  • the maximum capacity value Cmax is also modified so as to keep the ratio Cmax / Cmin constant.
  • the device comprises a system for performing a series of elementary capacitance detections, each corresponding to different generated frequencies, said elementary capacitance values detected from the same series being then averaged, while spreading out. possibly the discordant values, said average value then being compared with the predetermined threshold value Cs to activate, if necessary, the identifier. If all the generated frequencies of the same series result in discordant elementary detections, the system is arranged not to activate the identifier, in order to maintain the conviction security.
  • the detector is arranged to detect the imaginary part alone of the dipole admittance for a fixed frequency delivered by a stable oscillator serving as a high frequency wave generator, in order to make the detection insensitive to the presence more or less conductive liquid, for example, salt water in contact with the pallet. In this case, one can even consider a correct operation of the system in total immersion of the pallet.
  • an inductor can be provided in parallel with the equivalent impedance of the dipole and determined to eliminate the value of the residual capacitance of the dipole in the absence of the user from the detected capacitance value.
  • the metal surface may be covered with an insulating over-molding to protect it from external aggression.
  • the stable frequency generator can be obtained from a signal linked to the clock of a microcontroller or from the microcontroller itself, this microcontroller can be part of an electronic module integrated in the lock.
  • a door 1 of a motor vehicle which comprises a detector 2, an identifier 3 and a lock 4.
  • the detector 2 is intended to detect the approach of a user 5 of the door 1, as indicated by the arrow 6.
  • the detector 2 will emit a signal via a line 7 to the identifier 3 to activate it.
  • the identifier 3 When the identifier 3 is activated, it exchanges information signals with an identifier carried by the user 5, as represented by the two arrows with opposite directions 8, 9.
  • the identifier 3 recognizes the identifier of the user 5 as correct, it sends a control signal through the line 10 to the lock 4 to cause its unlocking.
  • the detector 2 has been arranged to detect the approach of the user 5 early enough to allow unlocking of the lock 4 before the user 5 actuates the same lock 4 by a pallet to open the door 1, according to an action indicated by the arrow 11.
  • the user 5 To open the door 1, the user 5 must enter a door opening pallet 12 and exert a tensile force on it to cause the opening of the lock 4, by means of a sheathed cable 13 or a control rod connecting the pallet 12 to an opening lever 14 linked to the lock 4.
  • the pallet 12 comprises a metal surface portion 15, which is electrically connected to the detector 2 via the cable 13 and the lever 14 which are electrically conductive and isolated from the vehicle mass.
  • the surface portion 15 may also be covered with overmolding to protect it from external aggression. Alternatively, the entire pallet 12 may constitute said metal surface.
  • this surface 15 is supplied with current by a high frequency wave generator 16, which generator 16 may already be present in an electronic module M integrated in the lock 4.
  • This impedance Z 1 is generally constant and consists of a small capacitance C 1 resulting from the residual capacitance of the cable 13 and a parallel conductance g 1 , the value of which represents the resistive leaks between the assembly (cable pallet).
  • this conductance may vary depending on untimely leakage to the ground, for example, in the presence of water in the door.
  • the value of the admittance of the dipole must be minimized to limit the effect of radiation around the vehicle. In other words, this dipole is determined so that it behaves like an antenna that is not tuned and undersized with respect to the wavelength emitted by the generator 16.
  • the dipole furthermore comprises, in parallel, a variable capacitance capacitor C which is defined between the aforementioned surface 15 and the hand of the user 5. This variable capacitance C increases as the hand approaches the surface 15.
  • the aforementioned dipole furthermore comprises, in series with the capacitor C, an impedance Z 2 equivalent to the user / mass torque, this impedance Z 2 being generally small with respect to C and consisting of a capacitor C 2 in parallel with a conductance g 2 .
  • figure 4 represents an electronic circuit for measuring the imaginary part alone of the admittance of the dipole.
  • the fact of measuring the imaginary part alone of the admittance has the advantage of only detecting the capacitive part of the dipole and to overcome the value of the resistance of the dipole, which resistance can vary in the presence of more or less liquid. driver and therefore may distort the measurement to be made.
  • the frequency used is constant, one can model the radiating dipole by the simplified equivalent electrical diagram referenced Z.
  • the equivalent Z impedance of the dipole comprises a conductance g equivalent to the set of conductances g 1 and g 2 and, in parallel, a variable capacitance C 'equivalent to the set of capacitors C 1 , C 2 and C of the figure 3 .
  • the voltage U (t) is also applied to the positive input of a comparator A 0 whose negative input is at the average value of the signal, and therefore to a value of zero, thanks to the capacitor 25, which connects said negative input to the mass, a resistor 26 being furthermore disposed between the two inputs of the comparator A 0 .
  • This comparator A 0 makes it possible to detect the zero crossings of the voltage U (t) and emits a slot at each of these passages.
  • a monostable flip-flop T detects the rising or falling edges of the output signal of A 0 as the case may be, and generates pulses sent on a capture circuit Cp. These pulses control an electronic switch I which receives the output signal U 2 (t) of the operational amplifier A 1 .
  • a capture of the voltage U 2 (t) is thus carried out by sampling / blocking and a voltage is obtained which, via an operational amplifier A 2 , provides an exploitable output U S which makes it possible to obtain the instantaneous captured value.
  • C ' is the capacitance of the equivalent capacitor
  • U the peak amplitude of U (t)
  • f 0 the frequency of U (t)
  • the current value i (to) is well independent of the conductance g.
  • circuit of the figure 4 The interest of the circuit of the figure 4 is that it can be used together with the micro-controller present in the electronic module integrated to the door lock, simply using a current acquisition interface.
  • a high-frequency signal can be generated externally and can be superimposed on the measurement signals detected for various reasons, for example, by antenna effect, parasitic capacitive coupling, induction, etc. This may result amplitude and phase beats on the measured current, as well as random errors on the current measurements, for the high frequency disturbances modulated by the generator.
  • the measurements made are not sensitive to the so-called "high frequency envelope detection" phenomena present in the non-modulated disturbances because here the measurement does not take into account the DC components.
  • n being a predetermined integer, each detection corresponding to a different frequency f 1, with i ranging from 0 to n . From these n measurements, the average value will be taken, having previously discarded any measurements which show too much discordance with respect to the other measurements. Then this average value will be compared with the threshold capacity value Cs for the activation or not of the identifier of the vehicle.
  • the threshold capacitance value Cs is acquired during assembly of the system on the vehicle, by self-learning values of minimum capacity Cmin and maximum Cmax which respectively correspond to a state of non-approach and maximum approach of the surface 15 by the user.
  • the value of the coefficient ⁇ is preferably less than 1 because the capacity curve of the capacitor as a function of the distance between the surface and the hand is of the exponential type. Therefore, in order to have a detection of the approach of the hand when it is still sufficiently distant from the pallet, to allow unlocking of the lock before the user has completed the actuation stroke of the pallet, it is better to weight more the value of the minimum capacity Cmin than that of the maximum capacity Cmax. For example, the threshold capacitance value Cs will be determined so that it corresponds to a distance of about 10 cm between the hand and the pallet.
  • Cmin will be equal to C 1 and C max will be at most equal to C 2 + C 1 .
  • C max will be at most equal to C 2 + C 1 .
  • an additional inductance L in parallel with the dipole impedance Z (see FIG. figure 5 ) to eliminate the detection of C 1 .
  • LC 1 . (2 ⁇ fo) 2 equivalent to 1 to eliminate C 1 from the value detected by the module M and C 'then becomes function only of C and C 2 , C' varying between 0 and C 2 .
  • the automatic recalibration of Cs can be kept operational, to avoid that the detection system can be stuck in a prolonged state in a state leading to the permanent activation of the identifier, this which could cause a discharge of the vehicle battery.
  • the detected capacity may increase accordingly and trigger the activation of the identifier. Therefore, it can be predicted that, if the detected capacitance value remains stably greater than the threshold value Cs for a determined duration, the minimum capacitance value Cmin is replaced by this new value, to shift the value by the same amount. of the threshold capacity Cs and thus disable the identifier.
  • the system is arranged to replace Cmin with this new value detected when it remains stable during this period. .
  • the minimum capacity value Cmin returns to its usual reference value after a determined period.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Kraftfahrzeug (V), das mit einem System zum Erfassen der Annäherung eines Benutzers (5) ausgestattet ist, enthaltend:
    - eine metallische Fläche (15), die von der Masse des Fahrzeugs (V) isoliert und mit einem Hochfrequenzwellengenerator (16) verbunden ist, so dass das durch die Masse des Fahrzeugs und die Fläche gebildete Paar einen mit hoher Impedanz (Z1) strahlenden Dipol definiert, der sich wie eine nicht abgestimmte Antenne verhält, die gegenüber der Wellenlänge unterdimensioniert ist, und
    - einen Kapazitätsschwankungssensor (2), der mit der genannten Fläche (15) verbunden und dazu bestimmt ist, die Schwankung der Kapazität des Dipols zu erfassen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer Kapazität des Dipols, die je nach Kapazität des Kondensators (C) schwankt, welcher aus dem Paar Hand/Fläche (15) gebildet wird, dessen Kapazität dann ansteigt, wenn die Hand des Benutzers sich der genannten Fläche nähert, der Sensor (2) dazu vorgesehen ist, eine Identifikationsvorrichtung (3) am Fahrzeug zu aktivieren, wenn er eine Kapazität größer als ein vorbestimmter Schwellwert Cs erfasst, der zwischen einem vorbestimmten Kapazitätsmindestwert Cmin des Dipols, welcher seiner Restkapazität bei Abwesenheit des Benutzers entspricht, und einem vorbestimmten Kapazitätshöchstwert Cmax des Dipols liegt, welcher seiner Kapazität entspricht, wenn die Hand eines Benutzers (5) mit der genannten Fläche (15) in Kontakt ist,
    und dadurch, dass die vorgenannte Fläche (15) zu einer Griffklappe (12) zum Öffnen einer Fahrzeugtür (1) gehört, wobei die Griffklappe mit einem Türschloss (4) über eine mechanische Verbindung (13) verbunden ist, die elektrisch leitend und von der Masse des Fahrzeugs isoliert ist, um als elektrische Verbindung zwischen der genannten Fläche und dem Frequenzgenerator (16) zu dienen,
    und dadurch, dass die Identifikationsvorrichtung bei Aktivierung zunächst überprüft, ob der Benutzer (5) einen autorisierten Identifizierer mit sich führt und dann, wenn die Überprüfung aufzeigt, dass der Identifizierer als ordnungsgemäß erkannt wurde, zumindest eine Funktion des Fahrzeugs steuert.
  2. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwellwert Cs sich aus folgender Gleichung ergibt: Cs = C ⁢ min + aC ⁢ max 1 + a
    Figure imgb0005
    wobei a ein dimensionsloser Koeffizient zwischen 0 und 1 ist.
  3. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein System zum Durchführen einer automatischen Nachkalibrierung des Schwellwerts Cs enthält, wenn der erfasste Kapazitätswert in stabiler Weise über diesem Schwellwert Cs während einer vorbestimmten Zeitdauer bleibt, wobei der Kapazitätsmindestwert Cmin dann diesen neu erfassten Kapazitätswert annimmt.
  4. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein System zum Durchführen einer automatischen Nachkalibrierung des Schwellwerts Cs enthält, wenn der erfasste Kapazitätswert in stabiler Weise unter dem Kapazitätsmindestwert Cmin während einer vorbestimmten Zeitdauer bleibt, wobei der Kapazitätsmindestwert Cmin dann diesen neu erfassten Kapazitätswert annimmt.
  5. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein System zum Ändern des Kapazitätshöchstwerts Cmax enthält, so dass das Verhältnis Cmax/Cmin konstant gehalten wird, wenn der Kapazitätsmindestwert Cmin durch automatische Nachkalibrierung geändert wird.
  6. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein System zum Durchführen einer Reihe von grundlegenden Kapazitätserfassungen enthält, die jeweils unterschiedlich erzeugten Frequenzen entsprechen, wobei die erfassten grundlegenden Kapazitätswerte einer gleichen Reihe dann gemittelt werden, indem gegebenenfalls nicht übereinstimmende Werte eliminiert werden, wobei der genannte Mittelwert dann mit dem vorbestimmten Schwellwert Cs verglichen wird, um gegebenenfalls die Identifikationsvorrichtung (3) zu aktivieren.
  7. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sensor (2) dazu vorgesehen ist, nur einen imaginären Teil der Admittanz des Dipols für eine feste Frequenz zu erfassen, die von einem stabilen Oszillator abgegeben wird, der als Hochfrequenzwellengenerator (16) dient.
  8. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Induktivität (L) enthält, die parallel zur äquivalenten Impedanz (Z) des Dipols geschaltet und so bestimmt ist, dass vom erfassten Kapazitätswert die Restkapazität (Ci) des Dipols bei Abwesenheit des Benutzers eliminiert wird.
  9. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die metallische Fläche (15) von einer aufgeformten Isolierung überdeckt ist.
EP98402881A 1997-11-24 1998-11-20 Verriegelungssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Detektor zum Feststellen der Annäherung des Benutzers Expired - Lifetime EP0918309B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9714718A FR2771534B1 (fr) 1997-11-24 1997-11-24 Vehicule automobile equipe d'un systeme de detection de l'approche d'un utilisateur
FR9714718 1997-11-24

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EP0918309A1 EP0918309A1 (de) 1999-05-26
EP0918309B1 EP0918309B1 (de) 2004-04-07
EP0918309B2 true EP0918309B2 (de) 2008-12-10

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Also Published As

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FR2771534B1 (fr) 2000-06-09
US6081185A (en) 2000-06-27
EP0918309B1 (de) 2004-04-07
DE69822970D1 (de) 2004-05-13
EP0918309A1 (de) 1999-05-26
DE69822970T2 (de) 2005-04-14
DE69822970T3 (de) 2009-08-13
FR2771534A1 (fr) 1999-05-28

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