EP0918309B1 - Verriegelungssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Detektor zum Feststellen der Annäherung des Benutzers - Google Patents

Verriegelungssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Detektor zum Feststellen der Annäherung des Benutzers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0918309B1
EP0918309B1 EP98402881A EP98402881A EP0918309B1 EP 0918309 B1 EP0918309 B1 EP 0918309B1 EP 98402881 A EP98402881 A EP 98402881A EP 98402881 A EP98402881 A EP 98402881A EP 0918309 B1 EP0918309 B1 EP 0918309B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capacitance
user
vehicle
dipole
value
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP98402881A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0918309A1 (de
EP0918309B2 (de
Inventor
Vincent Portet
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Valeo Comfort and Driving Assistance SAS
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Valeo Securite Habitacle SAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/26—Electrical actuation by proximity of an intruder causing variation in capacitance or inductance of a circuit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00658—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys
    • G07C9/00714—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys with passive electrical components, e.g. resistor, capacitor, inductor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a motor vehicle equipped a user approach detection system.
  • Such detection systems are already used in some motor vehicles to automatically trigger the unlocking a door lock or authorization door opening, as soon as the user approaches, without the user need to use a key or remote control.
  • a system generally called “hands-free access system", which system is to enable a remote exchange of information between an identifier on the vehicle and an identifier carried by the user.
  • the lock will be unlocked, allowing the user to open the door by simple pull on the door pallet.
  • the identifier and the identifier must be able to be activated at any time because approaching the vehicle by the user is unpredictable. Therefore, it has already been proposed to use a approach detection system or pallet entry by the user, to activate the vehicle identifier only when the user prepares to open the door.
  • EP-A-0735219 describes a system for detecting the approach of the user in order to wake up the device on-board interrogation, using an antenna connected to a Doppler type, volumetric, or infrared sensor.
  • Document DE n ° 196 17 038 describes a motor vehicle comprising a first electrode integrated into a handle of a door, a second electrode on the door surface, a capacitive sensor integrated in the door handle, the capacitive detector being connected by an electrical connection to centralized control unit, voltage from opposite poles being applied to both electrodes and, to produce a field electric, between the handle and the door, the insertion of the user's hand between the two electrodes modifying the electric field, this modification being measured by the capacitive detector which can thus trigger the interrogation in view of user identification.
  • a field change electric generated between two electrodes and insert the hand between the two electrodes, which delays detection.
  • the invention aims to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to offer a motor vehicle equipped with a new system approach detection of a user, allowing a detection, which is anticipated compared to that of a contactor of pallet and whose cost price is lower than that of a optical or ultrasonic detector, without the need for connection by connectors or electrical harness additional with the pallet.
  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle equipped with a user approach detection system, as defined in claim 1.
  • This capacity variation detection could be processed by an electronic module, for example, previously integrated in the lock of a vehicle door, to control various functions, such as unlocking a lock doors, as well as the transfer of state information from one lock to the other locks.
  • the aforementioned surface is part of an opening pallet of a vehicle opening, for example, a door, a fuel door, a trunk, said pallet being connected to a door lock by a mechanical connection which is electrically conductive and isolated from the mass of the vehicle to serve as an electrical connection between - said surface and the aforementioned generator.
  • the dipole aforementioned is formed, on the one hand, by the mass of the vehicle and, on the other hand, by the whole of said surface and of the connection mechanical, which can be constituted, for example, by a cable sheathed or a control rod actuating an opening lever of the door lock.
  • the detector is arranged to activate a identifier on the vehicle, which identifier, first, checks, when activated, if the user is wearing a authorized identifier and, secondly, if the verification shows that the identifier is recognized as correct, ordered at least a function of the vehicle, for example unlocking a sash lock.
  • the device has a system to perform automatic recalibration of the aforementioned threshold value. For example, when the value of detected capacity remains stably higher than the threshold value Cs for a predetermined period, for example of the order of 30 s, the minimum capacity value Cmin takes then this new capacity value detected. Conversely, when the detected capacity value remains lower, by stably, at the minimum capacity value Cmin during a predetermined duration, for example, of the order of 2 s, Cmin takes then this new capacity value detected.
  • the maximum capacity value Cmax is also modified to keep the report constant Cmax / Cmin.
  • the device has a system for performing a series of basic capacity detections, each corresponding to different generated frequencies, said capacitance values elementaries detected in the same series then being averaged, by possibly discarding the discordant values, said mean value then being compared to the threshold value predetermined Cs to activate, if necessary, the identifier. If all the generated frequencies of the same series result in discordant elementary detections, the system is arranged not to activate the identifier, in order to maintain the security of conviction.
  • the detector is arranged to detect the imaginary part only of admittance dipole for a fixed frequency delivered by an oscillator stable serving as a high frequency wave generator, in order to make detection insensitive to the presence of liquid more or less conductive, for example, salt water in contact with the palette. In this case, we can even consider correct operation of the immersion system total of the pallet.
  • an inductor can be provided in parallel with the equivalent impedance of the dipole and determined to eliminate from the detected capacity value, the value of the residual capacity of the dipole in the absence of the user.
  • the metal surface can be covered with an insulating overmold to protect it from attack External.
  • the stable frequency generator can be obtained from a signal linked to the clock of a microcontroller or from the microcontroller itself, this microcontroller can be part of a electronic module integrated into the lock.
  • a door 1 of motor vehicle which includes a detector 2, a identifier 3 and a lock 4.
  • Detector 2 is intended to detect the approach of a user 5 of the door 1, as indicated by arrow 6.
  • the detector 2 will send a signal by a line 7 to the identifier 3 to activate it.
  • identifier 3 When identifier 3 is activated, it exchange of information signals with a worn identifier by user 5, as represented by the two arrows at opposite directions 8, 9.
  • the identifier 3 recognizes user id 5 as correct, it sends a control signal via line 10 to lock 4 for cause, its unlocking.
  • Detector 2 will have been arranged to way to detect the approach of user 5 sufficiently early to allow unlocking of lock 4 before that user 5 does not operate this same lock 4 by a pallet to open the door 1, according to an indicated action by arrow 11.
  • pallet 12 has a metal surface portion 15 which is electrically connected to detector 2 via the cable 13 and lever 14 which are electrically conductive and isolated from the mass of the vehicle.
  • the surface portion 15 can also be covered with an overmolding for the protect from external aggressions.
  • the set of the pallet 12 can constitute said metallic surface.
  • this surface 15 is supplied with current by a high-frequency wave generator 16, which generator 16 may already be present in an electronic module M integrated into the lock 4.
  • a high-frequency wave generator 16 which generator 16 may already be present in an electronic module M integrated into the lock 4.
  • the torque formed by, on the one hand, the vehicle V which is grounded, and on the other hand, the whole of the surface 15 and of the cable 13, defines a radiating dipole whose equivalent impedance Z 1 is shown in Figure 3.
  • This impedance Z 1 is generally constant and consists of a low capacity C 1 resulting from the residual capacity of the cable 13 and a parallel conductance g 1 , the value of which represents the resistive leaks between l 'assembly (pallet-cable-lock) and the mass of the vehicle, this conductance may vary depending on untimely leaks to the mass, for example, in the presence of water in the door.
  • the dipole admittance value should be minimized to limit the radiation effect around the vehicle. In other words, this dipole is determined so that it behaves like an antenna which is not tuned and undersized with respect to the wavelength emitted by the generator 16.
  • the dipole also comprises in parallel a variable capacitor C which is defined between the aforementioned surface 15 and the hand of the user 5.
  • This variable capacitance C increases as the hand approaches the surface 15.
  • the capacity becoming infinite, the capacitor C disappears and the user then acts as a radiating strand of antenna, which has the effect of lengthening the antenna and transmitting more high waves -frequency.
  • an insulating overmolding is provided on the surface 15, there can never be direct contact between the surface 15 and the hand of the user 5.
  • the aforementioned dipole further comprises, in series with the capacitor C, an impedance Z 2 equivalent to the user / mass couple, this impedance Z 2 being generally low compared to C and consisting of a capacitor C 2 in parallel with a conductance g 2 .
  • FIG. 4 represents an electronic circuit for measuring the imaginary part alone of the admittance of the dipole. Measuring the imaginary part of the admittance alone has the advantage of only detecting the capacitive part of the dipole and eliminating the value of the resistance of the dipole, which resistance can vary in the presence of liquid more or less conductor and therefore may distort the measurement to be made.
  • the frequency used is constant, we can model the radiating dipole by the simplified equivalent electrical diagram referenced Z.
  • the equivalent impedance Z of the dipole has a conductance g equivalent to all of the conductances g 1 and g 2 and, in parallel, a variable capacity C ′ equivalent to the set of capacities C 1 , C 2 and C in FIG. 3.
  • the voltage U (t) is also applied to the positive input of a comparator A 0 whose negative input is at the mean value of the signal, therefore at a zero value, thanks to the capacitor 25, which connects said negative input to ground, a resistor 26 being, moreover, disposed between the two inputs of comparator A 0 .
  • This comparator A 0 makes it possible to detect the zero crossings of the voltage U (t) and emits a slot at each of these passages.
  • a monostable flip-flop T detects the rising or falling edges of the output signal from A 0 as appropriate, and generates pulses sent to a capture circuit Cp. These pulses control an electronic switch I which receives the output signal U 2 (t) from the operational amplifier A 1 .
  • U (t O ) 0.
  • C ' is the capacity of the equivalent capacitor
  • U the peak amplitude of U (t) and f 0 the frequency of U (t)
  • the current value i (to) is independent of the conductance g.
  • circuit of Figure 4 The advantage of the circuit of Figure 4 is that it can be used in conjunction with the microcontroller present in the electronic module integrated into the door lock, in simply using a current acquisition interface.
  • a high frequency signal can be generated outside and superimpose the measurement signals detected for different reasons, for example, by effect antenna, parasitic capacitive coupling, induction, etc. may result in amplitude and phase beats on the measured current, as well as random errors on the current measurements, for high frequency disturbances modulated by the generator.
  • the measures performed are not sensitive to untimely phenomena so-called "high frequency envelope detection" present in non-modulated disturbances because here the measurement does not hold has continuous components.
  • n an integer predetermined, each detection corresponding to a frequency different fi, with i between 0 and n. From these n measurements, we will take the average value, having, beforehand, discarded all measures with too much discrepancy important vis-à-vis other measures. Then this value mean will be compared to the threshold capacity value Cs for whether or not to activate the vehicle identifier.
  • the threshold capacity value Cs is acquired during assembly of the system on the vehicle, by self-learning the capacity values minimum Cmin and maximum Cmax which correspond respectively to a state of non-approach and maximum approach to the surface 15 by the user.
  • the value of the coefficient ⁇ is taken, preferably, less than 1 because the capacitance capacity curve as a function of the distance between the surface and the hand is of the exponential type. Therefore, in order to have a detection of the approach of the hand when it is still far enough away from the pallet, to allow a unlocking the lock before the user completes the pallet actuating stroke, it is best to weight more the value of the minimum capacity Cmin than that of the maximum capacity Cmax. For example, the threshold capacity value Cs will be determined so that it corresponds to a distance about 10 cm between the hand and the palette.
  • Cmin will be equal to C 1 and Cmax will be at most equal to C 2 + C 1 .
  • an additional inductance L can be used in parallel with the impedance Z of the dipole (see FIG. 5) to eliminate the detection of C 1 .
  • recalibration automatic Cs can be kept operational, to prevent the detection system could be blocked for a long time in a state leading to permanent activation of the identifier, this which could cause the vehicle battery to discharge.
  • the detected capacity may increase in consequence and trigger the activation of the identifier. from we can then foresee that, if the detected capacity value remains superior stably for a specified period at the threshold value Cs, the minimum capacity value Cmin is replaced by this new value, to shift as much the value of the threshold capacity Cs and thus deactivate the identifier.
  • the detected capacity value becomes lower again at Cmin, and after a predetermined period of time, the system is arranged to replace Cmin with this new detected value when it remains stable during this period. So, the minimum capacity value Cmin returns to its value of usual reference after a fixed period.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Kraftfahrzeug (V), das mit einem System zum Erfassen der Annäherung eines Benutzers (5) ausgestattet ist, enthaltend:
    eine metallische Fläche (15), die von der Masse des Fahrzeugs (V) isoliert und mit einem Hochfrequenzwellengenerator (16) verbunden ist, so dass das durch die Masse des Fahrzeugs und die Fläche gebildete Paar einen mit hoher Impedanz (Z1) strahlenden Dipol definiert, der sich wie eine nicht abgestimmte Antenne verhält, die gegenüber der Wellenlänge unterdimensioniert ist, und
    einen Kapazitätsschwankungssensor (2), der mit der genannten Fläche (15) verbunden und dazu bestimmt ist, die Schwankung der Kapazität des Dipols zu erfassen,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer Kapazität des Dipols, die je nach Kapazität des Kondensators (C) schwankt, welcher aus dem Paar Hand/Fläche (15) gebildet wird, dessen Kapazität dann ansteigt, wenn die Hand des Benutzers sich der genannten Fläche nähert, der Sensor (2) dazu vorgesehen ist, eine Identifikationsvorrichtung (3) am Fahrzeug zu aktivieren, wenn er eine Kapazität größer als ein vorbestimmter Schwellwert Cs erfasst, der zwischen einem vorbestimmten Kapazitätsmindestwert Cmin des Dipols, welcher seiner Restkapazität bei Abwesenheit des Benutzers entspricht, und einem vorbestimmten Kapazitätshöchstwert Cmax des Dipols liegt, welcher seiner Kapazität entspricht, wenn die Hand eines Benutzers (5) mit der genannten Fläche (15) in Kontakt ist.
  2. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vorgenannte Fläche (15) zu einer Griffklappe (12) zum Öffnen einer Fahrzeugtür (1) gehört, wobei die Griffklappe mit einem Türschloss (4) über eine mechanische Verbindung. (13) verbunden ist, die elektrisch leitend und von der Masse des Fahrzeugs isoliert ist, um als elektrische Verbindung zwischen der genannten Fläche und dem Frequenzgenerator (16) zu dienen.
  3. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Identifikationsvorrichtung bei Aktivierung zunächst überprüft, ob der Benutzer (5) einen autorisierten Identifizierer mit sich führt und dann, wenn die Überprüfung aufzeigt, dass der Identifizierer als ordnungsgemäß erkannt wurde, zumindest eine Funktion des Fahrzeugs steuert.
  4. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwellwert Cs sich aus folgender Gleichung ergibt: Cs = Cmin+ aCmax1 + a    wobei a ein dimensionsloser Koeffizient zwischen 0 und 1 ist.
  5. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein System zum Durchführen einer automatischen Nachkalibrierung des Schwellwerts Cs enthält, wenn der erfasste Kapazitätswert in stabiler Weise über diesem Schwellwert Cs während einer vorbestimmten Zeitdauer bleibt, wobei der Kapazitätsmindestwert Cmin dann diesen neu erfassten Kapazitätswert annimmt.
  6. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein System zum Durchführen einer automatischen Nachkalibrierung des Schwellwerts Cs enthält, wenn der erfasste Kapazitätswert in stabiler Weise unter dem Kapazitätsmindestwert Cmin während einer vorbestimmten Zeitdauer bleibt, wobei der Kapazitätsmindestwert Cmin dann diesen neu erfassten Kapazitätswert annimmt.
  7. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein System zum Ändern des Kapazitätshöchstwerts Cmax enthält, so dass das Verhältnis Cmax/Cmin konstant gehalten wird, wenn der Kapazitätsmindestwert Cmin durch automatische Nachkalibrierung geändert wird.
  8. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein System zum Durchführen einer Reihe von grundlegenden Kapazitätserfassungen enthält, die jeweils unterschiedlich erzeugten Frequenzen entsprechen, wobei die erfassten grundlegenden Kapazitätswerte einer gleichen Reihe dann gemittelt werden, indem gegebenenfalls nicht übereinstimmende Werte eliminiert werden, wobei der genannte Mittelwert dann mit dem vorbestimmten Schwellwert Cs verglichen wird, um gegebenenfalls die Identifikationsvorrichtung (3) zu aktivieren.
  9. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sensor (2) dazu vorgesehen ist, nur einen imaginären Teil der Admittanz des Dipols für eine feste Frequenz zu erfassen, die von einem stabilen Oszillator abgegeben wird, der als Hochfrequenzwellengenerator (16) dient.
  10. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Induktivität (L) enthält, die parallel zur äquivalenten Impedanz (Z) des Dipols geschaltet und so bestimmt ist, dass vom erfassten Kapazitätswert die Restkapazität (Ci) des Dipols bei Abwesenheit des Benutzers eliminiert wird.
  11. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die metallische Fläche (15) von einer aufgeformten Isolierung überdeckt ist.
EP98402881A 1997-11-24 1998-11-20 Verriegelungssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Detektor zum Feststellen der Annäherung des Benutzers Expired - Lifetime EP0918309B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9714718 1997-11-24
FR9714718A FR2771534B1 (fr) 1997-11-24 1997-11-24 Vehicule automobile equipe d'un systeme de detection de l'approche d'un utilisateur

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EP0918309A1 EP0918309A1 (de) 1999-05-26
EP0918309B1 true EP0918309B1 (de) 2004-04-07
EP0918309B2 EP0918309B2 (de) 2008-12-10

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US (1) US6081185A (de)
EP (1) EP0918309B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69822970T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2771534B1 (de)

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US5682032A (en) † 1996-02-22 1997-10-28 Philipp; Harald Capacitively coupled identity verification and escort memory apparatus
DE19617038C2 (de) * 1996-04-27 2000-11-30 Huf Huelsbeck & Fuerst Gmbh Schließsystem, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge
FR2750155B1 (fr) * 1996-06-25 1998-09-04 Valeo Securite Habitacle Dispositif de commande de l'ouverture d'une serrure d'un ouvrant de vehicule automobile
FR2753739B1 (fr) * 1996-09-20 1998-10-23 Poignee de commande de l'ouverture d'une serrure d'un ouvrant de vehicule automobile
FR2799490B1 (fr) † 1999-10-11 2002-05-31 Valeo Systemes Dessuyage Vehicule automobile equipe d'un systeme de detection de presence d'un utilisateur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0918309A1 (de) 1999-05-26
DE69822970T3 (de) 2009-08-13
US6081185A (en) 2000-06-27
EP0918309B2 (de) 2008-12-10
DE69822970T2 (de) 2005-04-14
DE69822970D1 (de) 2004-05-13
FR2771534B1 (fr) 2000-06-09
FR2771534A1 (fr) 1999-05-28

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