EP0918309A1 - Verriegelungssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Detektor zum Feststellen der Annäherung des Benutzers - Google Patents

Verriegelungssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Detektor zum Feststellen der Annäherung des Benutzers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0918309A1
EP0918309A1 EP98402881A EP98402881A EP0918309A1 EP 0918309 A1 EP0918309 A1 EP 0918309A1 EP 98402881 A EP98402881 A EP 98402881A EP 98402881 A EP98402881 A EP 98402881A EP 0918309 A1 EP0918309 A1 EP 0918309A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capacity
vehicle
value
dipole
user
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98402881A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0918309B2 (de
EP0918309B1 (de
Inventor
Vincent Portet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Comfort and Driving Assistance SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Securite Habitacle SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Valeo Securite Habitacle SAS filed Critical Valeo Securite Habitacle SAS
Publication of EP0918309A1 publication Critical patent/EP0918309A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0918309B1 publication Critical patent/EP0918309B1/de
Publication of EP0918309B2 publication Critical patent/EP0918309B2/de
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/26—Electrical actuation by proximity of an intruder causing variation in capacitance or inductance of a circuit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00658—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys
    • G07C9/00714—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys with passive electrical components, e.g. resistor, capacitor, inductor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a motor vehicle equipped a user approach detection system.
  • Such detection systems are already used in some motor vehicles to automatically trigger the unlocking a door lock or authorization door opening, as soon as the user approaches, without the user need to use a key or remote control.
  • a system generally called “hands-free access system", which system is to enable a remote exchange of information between an identifier on the vehicle and an identifier carried by the user.
  • the lock will be unlocked, allowing the user to open the door by simple pull on the door pallet.
  • the identifier and the identifier must be able to be activated at any time because approaching the vehicle by the user is unpredictable. Therefore, it has already been proposed to use a approach detection system or pallet entry by the user, to activate the vehicle identifier only when the user prepares to open the door.
  • Document DE n ° 196 17 038 describes a motor vehicle comprising a first electrode integrated into a handle of a door, a second electrode on the door surface, a capacitive sensor integrated in the door handle, the sensor capacitive being connected by an electrical connection to the control unit centralized, a voltage of opposite poles being applied to both electrodes and, to produce an electric field, between the handle and the door, insertion of the user's hand between the two electrodes modifying the electric field, this modification being measured by the capacitive detector which can thus trigger the interrogation with a view to user identification.
  • a capacitive sensor integrated in the door handle, the sensor capacitive being connected by an electrical connection to the control unit centralized, a voltage of opposite poles being applied to both electrodes and, to produce an electric field, between the handle and the door, insertion of the user's hand between the two electrodes modifying the electric field, this modification being measured by the capacitive detector which can thus trigger the interrogation with a view to user identification.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to offer a motor vehicle equipped with a new user approach detection, enabling detection, which is anticipated compared to that of a pallet contactor and whose price cost is lower than that of an optical or ultrasonic detector, without requiring connection by connectors or electrical harness additional with the pallet.
  • the aforementioned surface makes part of a window opening pallet, for example, a door, a fuel door, a trunk, said pallet being connected to a door lock by a mechanical connection which is electrically conductive and isolated from vehicle ground to serve electrical connection between said surface and the aforementioned generator.
  • a mechanical connection which is electrically conductive and isolated from vehicle ground to serve electrical connection between said surface and the aforementioned generator.
  • the aforementioned dipole is formed, on the one hand, by the mass of the vehicle and, on the other hand, by the whole of said surface and the mechanical connection, which can be constituted, for example, by a cable sheathed or a control rod actuating an opening lever the door lock.
  • the detector is arranged to activate a identifier on the vehicle in response to the detection of a variation of capacity, which identifier, first of all, checks, when it is activated, if the user has an authorized identifier and, secondly, if verification shows that the identifier is recognized as correct, order at least one function of the vehicle, for example unlocking of a door lock.
  • the detector is arranged to activate the identifier when it detects a capacity greater than a predetermined threshold value Cs comprised between a predetermined minimum capacity value Cmin of the dipole, corresponding for example to its residual capacity in l absence of the user, and a predetermined maximum capacity value Cmax of the dipole, corresponding for example to its capacity when the hand of a user is in contact with the pallet.
  • the device comprises a system to perform automatic recalibration of the threshold value cited above. For example, when the detected capacity value remains stably higher than the threshold value Cs during a predetermined duration, for example of the order of 30 s, the value of minimum capacity Cmin then takes this new capacity value detected. Conversely, when the detected capacity value remains stably lower than the minimum capacity value Cmin for a predetermined duration, for example, of the order of 2 s, Cmin then takes this new detected capacity value.
  • the maximum capacity value Cmax is also modified so as to keep the Cmax / Cmin ratio constant.
  • the device has a system for performing a series of detections elementary capacitors, each corresponding to frequencies generated different, said elementary capacity values detected of the same series then being averaged, possibly excluding the discordant values, said mean value then being compared with the predetermined threshold value Cs to activate, if necessary, the identifier. If all the frequencies generated in the same series result in discordant elementary detections, the system is arranged not to activate the identifier, in order to maintain security of condemnation.
  • the detector is arranged to detect the imaginary part alone of the admittance of the dipole for a fixed frequency delivered by a stable oscillator serving as high frequency wave generator, to make detection insensitive to the presence of more or less conductive liquid, for example, salt water in contact with the pallet. In this case, we can even consider correct operation of the immersion system total of the pallet.
  • an inductor can be provided in parallel with the equivalent impedance of the dipole and determined to eliminate from the detected capacity value, the value of the residual capacity of the dipole in the absence of the user.
  • the metal surface can be covered with an insulating overmold to protect it from attack external.
  • the stable frequency generator can be obtained from a signal linked to the clock of a microcontroller or from the microcontroller itself, this microcontroller can be part of a electronic module integrated into the lock.
  • a door 1 of motor vehicle which includes a detector 2, an identifier 3 and a lock 4.
  • the detector 2 is intended to detect the approach of a user 5 of door 1, as indicated by arrow 6.
  • the detector 2 will send a signal via line 7 to identifier 3 to activate it.
  • identifier 3 When identifier 3 is activated, it exchanges information signals with an identifier carried by the user 5, as represented by the two opposing arrows 8, 9.
  • identifier 3 recognizes user identifier 5 as correct, it sends a command signal by line 10 to the lock 4 to cause its unlocking.
  • Detector 2 will have been arranged so as to detect the approach of user 5 early enough to allow unlocking of lock 4 before user 5 does not operate this same lock 4 by a pallet to open the door 1, according to an action indicated by arrow 11.
  • the pallet 12 has a metal surface portion 15, which is electrically connected to the detector 2 via the cable 13 and lever 14 which are electrically conductive and isolated from ground of the vehicle.
  • the surface portion 15 can also be covered overmolding to protect it from external aggressions.
  • the entire pallet 12 can constitute said metal surface.
  • this surface 15 is supplied with current by a high-frequency wave generator 16, which generator 16 may already be present in an electronic module M integrated into the lock 4.
  • a high-frequency wave generator 16 which generator 16 may already be present in an electronic module M integrated into the lock 4.
  • the torque formed by, on the one hand, the vehicle V which is grounded, and on the other hand, the whole of the surface 15 and of the cable 13, defines a radiating dipole whose equivalent impedance Z 1 is shown in Figure 3.
  • This impedance Z 1 is generally constant and made up of a low capacity C 1 resulting from the residual capacity of the cable 13 and a parallel conductance g 1 , the value of which represents the resistive leaks between l 'assembly (pallet-cable-lock) and the mass of the vehicle, this conductance can vary depending on untimely leaks to the mass, for example, in the presence of water in the door.
  • the dipole admittance value must be minimized to limit the radiation effect around the vehicle. In other words, this dipole is determined so that it behaves like an antenna which is not tuned and undersized with respect to the wavelength emitted by the generator 16.
  • the dipole also comprises in parallel a capacitor C with variable capacity which is defined between the aforementioned surface 15 and the hand of the user 5.
  • This variable capacitance C increases as the hand approaches the surface 15.
  • the capacity becoming infinite, the capacitor C disappears and the user then acts as a radiating strand of antenna, which has the effect of lengthening the antenna and transmitting more high waves -frequency.
  • an insulating overmolding is provided on the surface 15, there can never be direct contact between the surface 15 and the hand of the user 5.
  • the aforementioned dipole further comprises, in series with the capacitor C, an impedance Z 2 equivalent to the user / mass couple, this impedance Z 2 being generally low compared to C and consisting of a capacitor C 2 in parallel with a conductance g 2 .
  • FIG. 4 represents an electronic circuit for measuring the imaginary part alone of the admittance of the dipole. Measuring the imaginary part of the admittance alone has the advantage of only detecting the capacitive part of the dipole and avoiding the value of the resistance of the dipole, which resistance can vary in the presence of liquid more or less conductor and therefore may distort the measurement to be made.
  • the frequency used is constant, we can model the radiating dipole by the simplified equivalent electrical diagram referenced Z.
  • the equivalent impedance Z of the dipole has a conductance g equivalent to all of the conductances g 1 and g 2 and, in parallel, a variable capacity C ′ equivalent to the set of capacities C 1 , C 2 and C in FIG. 3.
  • the voltage U (t) is also applied to the positive input of a comparator A 0 whose negative input is at the average value of the signal, therefore at a zero value, thanks to the capacitor 25, which connects said negative input to the earth, a resistor 26 being, moreover, disposed between the two inputs of the comparator A 0 .
  • This comparator A 0 makes it possible to detect the zero crossings of the voltage U (t) and emits a slot at each of these passages.
  • a monostable flip-flop T detects the rising or falling edges of the output signal of A 0 as appropriate, and generates pulses sent to a capture circuit Cp. These pulses control an electronic switch I which receives the output signal U 2 (t) from the operational amplifier A 1 .
  • U (t o ) 0.
  • C ' is the capacitance of the equivalent capacitor
  • U the peak amplitude of U (t) and f 0 the frequency of U (t)
  • the current value i (to) is independent of the conductance g.
  • circuit of Figure 4 is that it can be used together with the microcontroller present in the electronic module integrated in the door lock, simply using an interface current acquisition.
  • a high frequency signal can be generated at the exterior and come to superimpose the detected measurement signals for different reasons, for example, by antenna effect, capacitive coupling parasite, induction, etc ... It can result in amplitude beats and phase on the measured current, as well as random errors on current measurements; for high frequency disturbances modulated by the generator.
  • the measurements made do not are not sensitive to untimely phenomena called “detection” high frequency envelope "present in unmodulated disturbances because here the measurement does not take into account the components continue.
  • n being a predetermined integer, each detection corresponding to a different frequency f i , with i between 0 and not. From these n measurements, we will take the average value, having previously discarded all measurements having too great a discrepancy with respect to the other measurements. Then this average value will be compared with the threshold capacity value Cs for activating or not the vehicle identifier.
  • the threshold capacity value Cs is acquired during assembly of the system on the vehicle, by self-learning the capacity values minimum Cmin and maximum Cmax which correspond respectively to a state of non-approach and maximum approach to the surface 15 by the user.
  • the value of the coefficient ⁇ is taken, preferably, less than 1 because the capacitance capacity curve as a function of the distance between the surface and the hand is of the exponential type. Therefore, in order to have a detection of the approach of the hand when it is still far enough away from the pallet, to allow a unlocking the lock before the user completes the pallet actuating stroke, it is better to weight more the value of the minimum capacity Cmin than that of the maximum capacity Cmax. For example, the threshold capacity value Cs will be determined so that it corresponds to a distance about 10 cm between the hand and the palette.
  • Cmin will be equal to C 1 and Cmax will be at most equal to C 2 + C 1 .
  • an additional inductance L can be used in parallel with the impedance Z of the dipole (see FIG. 5) to eliminate the detection of C 1 .
  • recalibration automatic Cs can be kept operational, to prevent the detection system may become blocked for a prolonged period in a state leading to permanent activation of the identifier, this which could cause the vehicle battery to discharge.
  • the detected capacity may increase accordingly and trigger the activation of the identifier. Therefore, we can predict that, if the detected capacity value remains stably higher during a period determined at the threshold value Cs, the value of minimum capacity Cmin is replaced by this new value, for shift the value of the threshold capacity Cs by as much and thus deactivate the identifier.
  • the system is arranged to replace Cmin by this new value detected when it remains stable during of this duration.
  • the minimum capacity value Cmin returns to its usual reference value after a fixed period.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
EP98402881A 1997-11-24 1998-11-20 Verriegelungssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Detektor zum Feststellen der Annäherung des Benutzers Expired - Lifetime EP0918309B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9714718A FR2771534B1 (fr) 1997-11-24 1997-11-24 Vehicule automobile equipe d'un systeme de detection de l'approche d'un utilisateur
FR9714718 1997-11-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0918309A1 true EP0918309A1 (de) 1999-05-26
EP0918309B1 EP0918309B1 (de) 2004-04-07
EP0918309B2 EP0918309B2 (de) 2008-12-10

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EP98402881A Expired - Lifetime EP0918309B2 (de) 1997-11-24 1998-11-20 Verriegelungssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Detektor zum Feststellen der Annäherung des Benutzers

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6081185A (de)
EP (1) EP0918309B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69822970T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2771534B1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2799490A1 (fr) 1999-10-11 2001-04-13 Valeo Systemes Dessuyage Vehicule automobile equipe d'un systeme de detection de presence d'un utilisateur
EP1143092A1 (de) * 2000-04-06 2001-10-10 Valeo Electronique System zum Entriegeln oder Öffnen einer Fahrzeugöffnung, speziell einer Kraftfahrzeugöffnung, insbesondere System zum Öffnen eines Kofferraumes
FR2809132A1 (fr) 2000-05-18 2001-11-23 Valeo Electronique Vehicule automobile equipe d'un systeme de detection de presence d'utilisateur

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FR2809885B1 (fr) * 2000-06-02 2003-01-17 Eaton Corp Dispositif de commutation fonctionnant par contact d'un corps humain
FR2809759B1 (fr) * 2000-06-02 2003-06-20 Eaton Corp Dispositif de verrouillage automatise des acces a un vehicule automobile
DE10108354B4 (de) * 2001-02-21 2021-01-14 Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg Schlüssellose Betätigungs- und/oder Schließeinrichtung
US20030216817A1 (en) * 2002-05-16 2003-11-20 Richard Pudney Vehicle access system with sensor
DE102004024387B3 (de) * 2004-05-17 2006-02-02 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Verhinderung von Fehlauslösungen eines passiven Zugangssystems im Kraftfahrzeugbereich
DE112006002827A5 (de) * 2005-10-28 2008-09-25 Ident Technology Ag Verfahren und Schaltung zur Erfassung der Präsenz, Position und/oder Annäherung eines Objektes an wenigstens eine Elektrodeneinrichtung
DE102008036240A1 (de) * 2008-08-02 2010-02-04 Dr.Ing.H.C.F.Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Anordnung und Verfahren zur Erfassung eines kapazitiven Objekts in einem Observationsbereich
DE102010027503A1 (de) 2009-07-17 2011-01-27 Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg Sensoreinrichtung sowie Moduleinheit dafür
US8400209B2 (en) 2010-10-22 2013-03-19 Atmel Corporation Proximity detection
DE102011103406B4 (de) * 2011-06-06 2015-03-26 Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Hallstadt Stellvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug
FR2981026A1 (fr) * 2011-10-11 2013-04-12 Johnson Contr Automotive Elect Systeme de controle a distance, et procede pour verrouiller et/ou pour deverrouiller automatiquement au moins un ouvrant d'un vehicule automobile et/ou pour demarrer un moteur d'un vehicule automobile a l'aide d'un systeme de controle a distance
EP2683084B1 (de) 2012-07-06 2015-11-18 abatec group AG LKW Diebstahlsicherung mittels Zollschnur
TWI551048B (zh) * 2015-07-31 2016-09-21 國立雲林科技大學 具雜散效應補償之線性三角波產生器及其雜散效應的補償方法
DE102016203521A1 (de) 2016-03-03 2017-09-07 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und System für ein Authentifizieren eines Benutzers sowie ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE102016009825A1 (de) * 2016-08-15 2018-02-15 BROSE SCHLIEßSYSTEME GMBH & CO. KG Funktionsanordnung zur Montage in einer Kraftfahrzeugtür
US10821937B1 (en) 2020-01-24 2020-11-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc. Active approach detection with macro capacitive sensing

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EP0816597A1 (de) * 1996-06-25 1998-01-07 Valeo Securite Habitacle Bedienungsvorrichtung zum Öffnen eines Kraftfahrzeugtürschlosses
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US2708746A (en) * 1952-03-19 1955-05-17 Joseph D Shaw Approach signal system with selfadjusting control
US3276005A (en) * 1964-05-05 1966-09-27 Mosler Res Products Inc Capacity intruder alarm having capacitive a.c. coupling and d.c. bias coupling in parallel between a detector and amplifier
WO1988005950A1 (en) * 1987-02-05 1988-08-11 Fokon F. Olsson Konsultbyrå Ab Intrusion warning alarm system
DE4226053A1 (de) * 1991-08-09 1993-02-11 Alps Electric Co Ltd Fernbedieneinrichtung
DE4409167C1 (de) * 1994-03-17 1995-06-29 Siemens Ag Schlüssellose Zugangskontrolleinrichtung
EP0735219A2 (de) * 1995-03-27 1996-10-02 UNITED TECHNOLOGIES AUTOMOTIVE, Inc. Handfreies ferngesteuertes Eingangssystem
FR2732798A1 (fr) * 1995-04-06 1996-10-11 Rcdc Radio Concept Dev & Commu Dispositif de controle d'acces autonome
DE19617038A1 (de) * 1996-04-27 1997-11-06 Huf Huelsbeck & Fuerst Gmbh Schließsystem, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge
EP0816597A1 (de) * 1996-06-25 1998-01-07 Valeo Securite Habitacle Bedienungsvorrichtung zum Öffnen eines Kraftfahrzeugtürschlosses
EP0831194A1 (de) * 1996-09-20 1998-03-25 Valeo Securite Habitacle Betätigungsgriff zum Öffnen eines Schlosses einer Kraftfahrzeugöffnung

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2799490A1 (fr) 1999-10-11 2001-04-13 Valeo Systemes Dessuyage Vehicule automobile equipe d'un systeme de detection de presence d'un utilisateur
EP1143092A1 (de) * 2000-04-06 2001-10-10 Valeo Electronique System zum Entriegeln oder Öffnen einer Fahrzeugöffnung, speziell einer Kraftfahrzeugöffnung, insbesondere System zum Öffnen eines Kofferraumes
FR2807462A1 (fr) * 2000-04-06 2001-10-12 Valeo Electronique Systeme de deverouillage ou d'ouverture d'ouvrant(s) de vehicule, notamment automobile, en particulier systeme d'ouverture de coffre
FR2809132A1 (fr) 2000-05-18 2001-11-23 Valeo Electronique Vehicule automobile equipe d'un systeme de detection de presence d'utilisateur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0918309B2 (de) 2008-12-10
FR2771534B1 (fr) 2000-06-09
US6081185A (en) 2000-06-27
EP0918309B1 (de) 2004-04-07
DE69822970D1 (de) 2004-05-13
DE69822970T2 (de) 2005-04-14
DE69822970T3 (de) 2009-08-13
FR2771534A1 (fr) 1999-05-28

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