EP0899095B1 - Rotary sheet-fed press - Google Patents

Rotary sheet-fed press Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0899095B1
EP0899095B1 EP98118431A EP98118431A EP0899095B1 EP 0899095 B1 EP0899095 B1 EP 0899095B1 EP 98118431 A EP98118431 A EP 98118431A EP 98118431 A EP98118431 A EP 98118431A EP 0899095 B1 EP0899095 B1 EP 0899095B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet
cylinder
fed rotary
printing machine
rotary printing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98118431A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0899095A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Bernhard BOLZA-SCHÜNEMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koenig and Bauer AG
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Koenig and Bauer AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0899095A1 publication Critical patent/EP0899095A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0899095B1 publication Critical patent/EP0899095B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F5/00Rotary letterpress machines
    • B41F5/02Rotary letterpress machines for printing on sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F31/00Inking arrangements or devices
    • B41F31/02Ducts, containers, supply or metering devices
    • B41F31/027Ink rail devices for inking ink rollers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F7/00Rotary lithographic machines
    • B41F7/02Rotary lithographic machines for offset printing
    • B41F7/08Rotary lithographic machines for offset printing using one transfer cylinder co-operating with several forme cylinders for printing on sheets or webs, e.g. sampling of colours on one transfer cylinder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F7/00Rotary lithographic machines
    • B41F7/02Rotary lithographic machines for offset printing
    • B41F7/10Rotary lithographic machines for offset printing using one impression cylinder co-operating with several transfer cylinders for printing on sheets or webs, e.g. satellite-printing units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
    • B41P2227/00Mounting or handling printing plates; Forming printing surfaces in situ
    • B41P2227/70Forming the printing surface directly on the form cylinder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 1, which e.g. in the DE-C-432853.
  • DE-PS 435 592 is a three-cylinder rotary rubber printing machine known at the plate and Rubber cylinder at least two printing surfaces each own and a printing cylinder a printing area more than the rubber cylinder has.
  • DE 43 03 797 A1 and FR-A-564 212 show Sheetfed offset printing presses, where a sheet only after a printing process between Rubber cylinder and impression cylinder from one sheet-removing gripper system is taken over.
  • WO 90/02044 describes a rotary printing press with one arranged on a forme cylinder, laser-writable printing plate.
  • the forme cylinder is assigned an axially movable laser writing system.
  • GB-A-10 154 A.D. 1915 is one Sheet-fed rotary printing machine for multi-color printing with known a central pressure cylinder. This Printing cylinders are two with several printing areas Assigned forme cylinders.
  • EP 0 359 957 A2 shows a printing press with a Short inking unit.
  • the short inking unit essentially exists from a doctor blade, an anilox roller and one Inking roller.
  • DE-PS 521 874 and DE-C-238264 describe one Sheet-fed rotary printing machine for direct multi-color printing with a forme cylinder and an impression cylinder.
  • the forme cylinder has four printing surfaces and the Printing cylinder five gripper systems.
  • US-A-19 19 462 shows one Sheet-fed rotary printing machine for direct Multi-color printing, with a central printing cylinder five forme cylinders are assigned.
  • the invention has for its object a To create sheet-fed rotary printing press.
  • the inventive Sheet-fed rotary printing press with a multi-color print a register of the highest accuracy because the to printing sheet during all printing processes in one single gripper system held on a pressure cylinder become.
  • the printed sheets are only made by one Another gripper system taken over and from the pressure cylinder removed after the sheet has been fully printed.
  • the short inking units enable a very small overall size of the entire printing press.
  • the short inking units are only in contact with one printing surface of the forme cylinder, so that, when parked, they are rolled over only against an anilox roller.
  • An existing color relief in the circumferential direction is reduced by different diameters of applicator roller and anilox roller.
  • the anilox roller interacts with a chambered doctor blade, which completely removes the remains of the ink relief and creates a completely even ink film on the anilox roller.
  • Damping units are not required when using plates suitable for dry offset, so that known problems caused by dampening solutions, such as, for example, emulsification or increased stenciling, cannot arise.
  • the investment pile and delivery pile are on one side, which improves usability.
  • the side to be printed of the sheets to be fed is at the bottom, while the printed side is at the top of the discharged sheets of the delivery stack. As a result, it is not necessary to turn the stacks after the straight printing in order to reprint the sheets.
  • the sheet-fed rotary printing press according to the invention is compact, minimizes set-up times, simplifies Operation and still guarantees multi-colored, stencil-free quality prints with excellent Passer. This makes it suitable Sheet-fed rotary printing machine, especially for small ones Print runs in a range from 100 to 20,000 sheets.
  • At least double coloring of the Ink application roller achieved in that the circumferential length the printing area to be inked is less than or equal to one Circumferential length of the assigned inking roller is.
  • This patent application does not seek protection for a sheetfed offset press, but only for one Sheet printing machine for direct printing, d. H. without Blanket cylinders.
  • a shed feeder 1 is a sheet feeder 2 Upstream sheet-fed rotary printing press.
  • This Sheet system 2 is in side frames 3, 4 of Sheet offset rotary printing machine stored and exists essentially from a side alignment device, for example a suction mark 6, one Sheet feeder 7 and front marks 8, 9.
  • the sheet feeder 7 is as rotating stop drum 7 running on the circumference two offset by 180 °, towards one Axis of rotation 11 of the stop drum 7 extending Gripper systems 12, 13 is provided.
  • Gripper systems 12, 13 are each a row, i. H. at least two, front marks 8, 9 arranged.
  • the stop drum 7 is driven, for example synchronized to the machine cycle by means of a electric drive, not shown, each within 180 ° of the stop drum 7 this from standstill to peripheral speed Printing cylinder 14 accelerated and then again brakes to a standstill.
  • the sheet feeder 7 can also be designed as a vibrator or suction drum be or multi-stage from combinations of Suction drum and stop drum or vibrator work and is arranged below the sheet to be fed.
  • the respective rubber cylinder 21, 22 can be covered with two rubber blankets 28, 29 or 31, 32 corresponding to the assigned printing surfaces 23, 24 or 26, 27 or with a single rubber blanket corresponding to the two printing surfaces 23, 24 or 26, 27 become.
  • Corresponding forme cylinders 33, 34 are assigned to these rubber cylinders 21, 22.
  • These pressure surfaces 36, 37 and 38, 39 are formed, for example, by printing plate plates 41, 42 and 43, 44, each of these pressure surfaces 36, 37 and 38, 39 of the forme cylinders 33, 34 having its own plate 41, 42 and 43, 44 or both printing surfaces 36, 37 or 38, 39 can be provided with a common plate which then carries two printing forms.
  • Special plates 41, 42, 43, 44 suitable for waterless offset printing are preferably used, so that dampening units can be dispensed with.
  • the sheet offset rotary machine described works with planographic printing plates. But it is also possible to use high pressure plates (letterset). In direct high pressure, ie for direct multi-color printing, the rubber cylinders 21, 22 can be omitted.
  • Each forme cylinder 33, 34 is assigned its own laser writing system 46, 47 for direct imaging of suitable plates 41, 42, 43, 44. These plates 41, 42, 43, 44 are located on the forme cylinders 33, 34 before the imaging and can be fed to the forme cylinders 33, 34 individually. However, it is also possible to provide the forme cylinder 33, 34 with a cavity and to arrange a supply and holding spindle of a laser-inscribable film there. Rubber and forme cylinders 21, 22 and 33, 34 can each be equipped with more than two printing surfaces, the printing cylinder 14 then z. B. a gripper system carries more or less than the number of printing surfaces of a forme cylinder 33, 34.
  • the number of gripper systems 17, 18, 19 of the printing cylinder 14 is not equal to the number of printing surfaces 36, 37 of the forme cylinder 33.
  • the two laser writing systems 46, 47 are mounted together on a traverse 48 which extends parallel to the axis of rotation 16 of the printing cylinder 14.
  • a large number of independent laser diodes are located at a fixed location and are each connected to one end of an optical fiber.
  • the other ends of the light guides are arranged close to one another on a slide, a large number (for example 64) of the light guides being aligned with each forme cylinder 33, 34.
  • the carriage can be moved axially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the forme cylinders 33, 34 on the crossmember 48.
  • the two forme cylinders 33, 34 can thus be imaged at the same time. It is also possible to dispense with the axially displaceable carriage and to arrange the light guides in a stationary manner, aligned with the respective forme cylinders 33, 34, in which case a number of light guides corresponding to the desired resolution of the printed image is provided over an entire length of the forme cylinders 33, 34.
  • a single imaging system can also be arranged, which can optionally be assigned to both forme cylinders 33, 34, for example by means of a swiveling device, or whose rays are deflected such that both forme cylinders 33, 34 can be imaged.
  • Each of the printing surfaces 36, 37, 38, 39 of the two Forme cylinder 33, 34% is operated by its own inking unit 49, 51, 52, 53 colored.
  • the inking units 49, 51, 52, 53 to the forme cylinders 33, 34 alternately on and adjustable, so that only the associated one Printing area 36, 37, 38, 39 is colored.
  • This as Short inking units executed inking units 49, 51, 52, 53 consist essentially of one each Printing area 36, 37, 38, 39 inking inking roller 54, 56, 57, 58 of a driven anilox roller 59, 61, 62, 63 a chambered doctor blade 64, 66, 67, 68 and one Collecting pan 69.
  • the respective inking roller 54, 56, 57, 58 can also be designed to be driven, wherein a with the Anilox roller 59, 61, 62, 63 common drive or a own independent, for example controllable drive can be provided.
  • a diameter d54, d56, d57, d58, e.g. B. 123 mm
  • the one working and Closing doctor blade 71, 72 having chamber doctor blade 64, 66, 67, 68 guides the anilox roller 59, 61, 62, 63 printing ink to, which is metered by means of the doctor blade 71. excess, from the anilox roller 59, 61, 62, 63 doctored by means of the respective doctor blade 72 Ink is received by the drip pan 69 and fed back into a color cycle.
  • Anilox roller 59, 61, 62, 63 and rubberized inking roller 54, 56, 57, 58 are in constant contact with each other while the Ink application roller 54, 56, 57, 58 synchronized to respective forme cylinders 33, 34 to the associated Printing area 36, 37, 38, 39 is adjustable. Is to the inking roller 54, 56, 57, 58 on both sides in pivotable about the anilox roller 59, 61, 62, 63, one-armed lever 72, 73, 74, 76 mounted. These levers 72, 73, 74, 76 can be mechanically, e.g. B. by means of a Cam gear, or electrical, e.g. B. by means of a working cylinder can be pressurized 78, 79, 81, 82 cooperating solenoid valve actuated become.
  • a length l e.g. B. 414 mm, one of two centers 85, 90 of the blanket cylinder 22 and Printing cylinder 14 or sprocket shaft 8 and Printing cylinder 14 limited circular arc 95 on the
  • the outer surface of the printing cylinder 14 is larger than one Length, e.g. B. 360 mm, the arch at maximum, for this Machine allowed format.
  • the sprocket shaft 84 guides a chain 86 a chain grab arm 87.
  • This chain 86 is with z. B. four chain gripper systems 88, 89, 91, 92 equipped, with a distance a, z. B. 829 mm, two Chain gripper systems 88, 89, 91, 92 to each other stretched chain 86 of a circumferential length of a rubber or. Plate cylinder 21, 22 or 33, 34 corresponds.
  • This endless chain 86 designed in this way is operated by a second sprocket shaft 93 deflected and runs to Printing cylinder 14 back. This distance a can also then be made smaller when the chain non-uniform, e.g. B. slows down to sheet storage, circulates.
  • the functioning of the sheetfed offset printing machine not according to the invention is as follows:
  • the scale feeder 1 separates sheets from a stack 94 and feeds them via a suction belt table 96 to the stationary stop drum 7.
  • a front edge of a first sheet 97 applied is aligned on the front marks 8 parallel to the axis of rotation 11 of the stop drum 7.
  • the suction mark 6 detects the sheet 97 and aligns it laterally.
  • the gripper system 12 closes the stop drum 7 and the stop drum 7 accelerates the sheet 97 from standstill to the circumferential speed of the printing cylinder 14.
  • the gripper system 12 transfers the sheet 97 to the first gripper system 17 Printing cylinder 14.
  • the plate 41 of the forme cylinder 33 inked by the inking unit 49 for example with black printing ink, has transferred its printed image to the printing surface 23 of the blanket cylinder 21.
  • the sheet 97 thus provided with a first printed image and the sheet 97 held by the gripper system 17 are transported to the second rubber cylinder 22.
  • the sheet 97 is printed with the second printing image from the printing surface 26 previously provided by the inking unit 52 and the plate 43 of the second forme cylinder 34 with a second printing image (for example in the printing ink “cyan”).
  • the third gripper system 19 now takes over a second sheet 98 from the second gripper system 13 of the stop drum 7, which was fed and aligned in the same way as the first sheet 97 of the stop drum 7.
  • This sheet 98 is also printed first by the printing surface 23 of the first blanket cylinder 21 bearing the printed image of the plate 41 and then by the printing surface 26 of the second blanket cylinder 22 bearing the printed image of the plate 43.
  • the first sheet 97 was conveyed past the sprocket shaft 84 and the stop drum 7 without opening the gripper system 17.
  • the sheet 97 now reaches the rubber cylinders 21 and 22 for the second time.
  • the sheet 97 is now printed by the second printing surface 24 with the third printing image, which is colored by the inking unit 51, for example with the printing ink "magenta" Plate 42 was transferred to the printing surface 24.
  • the fourth printed image was transferred from the plate 44 inked, for example, with yellow printing ink by means of the inking unit 53 to the second printing surface 27 of the second blanket cylinder 22.
  • This printing surface 44 prints the sheet 97 with the fourth print image.
  • the second gripper system 18 in the meantime took over a third sheet 99 from the first gripper system 12 of the stop drum 7, which, like the first and second sheets 97, 98, is now being printed for the first time by the printing surfaces 23 and 26 of the rubber cylinders 21 and 22, respectively.
  • the completely printed, provided with four printed images first sheet 97 is after the end of the fourth printing process even at maximum format length, z. B. 360 mm, taken from the chain gripper system 91 in the area of the sprocket shaft 84.
  • the gripper system 17 opens for the first time after the unprinted sheet 97 has been taken over from the first gripper system 12 of the stop drum 7, the sheet 97 has thus been printed with four printed images in a gripper closure.
  • This chain gripper system 91 transports the sheet 97 in the chain gripper arm 87 to the area of a stack 101. There the chain gripper system 91 opens and the sheet 97 is placed on the stack 101.
  • the now empty gripper system 17 then takes over a fourth sheet 102 from the gripper system 12 of the stop drum 7.
  • the second gripper system 18 transports the third sheet 99 printed with two printed images past the sprocket shaft 84, while the second sheet 98, which has now been provided with four printed images, is transferred to the chain gripper system 92 and transported to the stack 101. These described processes are repeated periodically, so that each revolution of the forme cylinders 33, 34 and the rubber cylinders 21, 22, respectively, one sheet printed with four printed images reaches the chain gripper arm 87 and is deposited there on the stack 101.
  • the aforementioned cam gear 75 for the start and Parking the inking rollers 54, 56, 57, 58 can on each page, for example, essentially from a pair of cams 106, 107 and two with these cooperating cam rollers 108, 109 exist and are exemplified using a cam gear 75 of the forme cylinder 33 described.
  • the cams 106, 107 are rigid on a pin 111 of the respective associated forme cylinder 33 attached and run with this around.
  • each cam 106, 107 is in the circumferential direction with an arcuate, adapted to the associated printing surface 36, 37 Recess 112, 113 and an opposite, arcuate elevation 114, 116 which means more gently, in the area of a channel of the forme cylinder 33 horizontal transition curves are connected.
  • the Cam rollers 108, 109 are for example on one Pins 117 and 118 of the inking roller 54 and 56 rotatably mounted.
  • the cam rollers 108, 109 both with a forme cylinder 33 spring cooperating Ink application rollers 54, 56 are in the axial direction offset from one another so that each cam roller 108, 109 a cam plate 106, 107 is assigned.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rotary Presses (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Registering Or Overturning Sheets (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine gemäß dem Anspruch 1, welche z.B. in der DE-C-432853 beschrieben ist. Aus der DE-PS 435 592 ist eine Dreizylinder-Rotationsgummidruckmaschine bekannt, bei der Platten-und Gummizylinder mindestens je zwei Druckflächen besitzen und ein Druckzylinder eine Druckfläche mehr als der Gummizylinder aufweist.The invention relates to a sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 1, which e.g. in the DE-C-432853. From DE-PS 435 592 is a three-cylinder rotary rubber printing machine known at the plate and Rubber cylinder at least two printing surfaces each own and a printing cylinder a printing area more than the rubber cylinder has.

Nachteilig an dieser Druckmaschine ist, daß Passerprobleme auftreten können, da ein zu bedruckender Bogen schon von einem Greifersystem vom Druckzylinder abgenommen wird, bevor dieser Bogen vollständig bedruckt ist.The disadvantage of this printing press is that Registration problems can occur because of a printable Sheet already from a gripper system from the impression cylinder is removed before this sheet is completely printed is.

Die DE 43 03 797 A1 und die FR-A-564 212 zeigen Bogenoffsetrotationsdruckmaschinen, bei denen ein Bogen erst nach Beendigung eines Druckvorganges zwischen Gummizylinder und Druckzylinder von einem bogenabfuhrenden Greifersystem übernommen wird.DE 43 03 797 A1 and FR-A-564 212 show Sheetfed offset printing presses, where a sheet only after a printing process between Rubber cylinder and impression cylinder from one sheet-removing gripper system is taken over.

Die WO 90/02044 beschreibt eine Rotationsdruckmaschine mit einer auf einem Formzylinder angeordneten, laserbeschreibbaren Druckplatte. Dem Formzylinder ist ein axial verfahrbares Laser-Schreibsystem zugeordnet. WO 90/02044 describes a rotary printing press with one arranged on a forme cylinder, laser-writable printing plate. The forme cylinder is assigned an axially movable laser writing system.

Durch die GB-A-10 154 A.D. 1915 ist eine Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine für Mehrfarbendruck mit einem zentralen Druckzylinder bekannt. Diesem Druckzylinder sind zwei, mehrere Druckflächen aufweisende Formzylinder zugeordnet.By GB-A-10 154 A.D. 1915 is one Sheet-fed rotary printing machine for multi-color printing with known a central pressure cylinder. this Printing cylinders are two with several printing areas Assigned forme cylinders.

Die EP 0 359 957 A2 zeigt eine Druckmaschine mit einem Kurzfarbwerk. Das Kurzfarbwerk besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Kammerrakel, einer Rasterwalze und einer Farbauftragwalze.EP 0 359 957 A2 shows a printing press with a Short inking unit. The short inking unit essentially exists from a doctor blade, an anilox roller and one Inking roller.

Die DE-PS 521 874 und die DE-C-238264 beschreiben eine Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine für direkten Mehrfarbendruck mit einem Formzylinder und einem Druckzylinder. Dabei weist der Formzylinder vier Druckflächen und der Druckzylinder fünf Greifersysteme auf.DE-PS 521 874 and DE-C-238264 describe one Sheet-fed rotary printing machine for direct multi-color printing with a forme cylinder and an impression cylinder. there the forme cylinder has four printing surfaces and the Printing cylinder five gripper systems.

Die US-A-19 19 462 zeigt eine Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine für direkten Mehrfarbendruck, wobei einem zentralen Druckzylinder fünf Formzylinder zugeordnet sind.US-A-19 19 462 shows one Sheet-fed rotary printing machine for direct Multi-color printing, with a central printing cylinder five forme cylinders are assigned.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine zu schaffen.The invention has for its object a To create sheet-fed rotary printing press.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a Sheet-fed rotary printing press with the features of the Claim 1 solved.

In vorteilhafter Weise wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine ein Mehrfarbendruck mit einem Passer höchster Genauigkeit erreicht, da die zu bedruckenden Bogen während aller Druckvorgänge in einem einzigen Greifersystem auf einem Druckzylinder gehalten werden. Die bedruckten Bogen werden erst von einem weiteren Greifersystem übernommen und vom Druckzylinder abgeführt, nachdem der Bogen vollständig bedruckt wurde.Advantageously, the inventive Sheet-fed rotary printing press with a multi-color print a register of the highest accuracy, because the to printing sheet during all printing processes in one single gripper system held on a pressure cylinder become. The printed sheets are only made by one Another gripper system taken over and from the pressure cylinder removed after the sheet has been fully printed.

Durch die Verwendung einer mit dem Druckzylinder synchronisierten Bogenzuführeinrichtung, die die zuzuführenden Bogen vom Stillstand auf Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Druckzylinders beschleunigt, wird auch bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten (z. B. 12.000 Bogen pro Stunde) eine sichere Bogenzufuhr mit einem sehr genauen Anlagepasser erreicht.
Von besonderem Vorteil ist, daß den Formzylindern Laser-Schreibsysteme zugeordnet sind und somit laserbebilderbare Platten direkt in der Druckmaschine bebildert werden (Computer-to-Press). Dadurch treten keine Passerschwierigkeiten infolge der Plattenmontage auf dem Formzylinder oder infolge Fehler während der Herstellung der Platten auf. Somit kann auf Umfangs-, Seiten- oder Schrägregistereinstellvorrichtungen verzichtet werden.
Die farbzonenlosen Kurzfarbwerke minimieren die Rüstzeiten und vereinfachen die Bedienung der Druckmaschine. Insbesondere ermöglichen die Kurzfarbwerke eine sehr kleine Baugröße der gesamten Druckmaschine. Die Kurzfarbwerke sind nur mit jeweils einer Druckfläche des Formzylinders in Kontakt, so daß im abgestellten Zustand eine mehrfache überrollung nur gegen eine Rasterwalze erfolgt. Durch unterschiedliche Durchmesser von Auftragwalze und Rasterwalze wird ein vorhandenes Farbrelief in Umfangsrichtung verringert. Die Rasterwalze wirkt mit einer Kammerrakel zusammen, die Reste des Farbreliefs vollständig entfernt und einen völlig gleichmäßigen Farbfilm auf der Rasterwalze erzeugt.
Feuchtwerke entfallen bei Verwendung von für Trockenoffset geeigneten Platten, so daß bekannte durch Feuchtmittel hervorgerufene Probleme, wie beispielsweise Emulgieren oder verstärktes Schablonieren, nicht entstehen können.
Anlagestapel und Auslagestapel befinden sich auf einer Seite, was die Bedienbarkeit verbessert. Zudem befindet sich die zu bedruckende Seite der zuzuführenden Bogen unten, während bei den abgeführten Bogen des Auslagestapels die bedruckte Seite oben ist. Dadurch ist ein Wenden der Stapel nach dem Schöndruck nicht notwendig, um einen Widerdruck der Bogen durchzuführen.
By using a sheet feed device that is synchronized with the printing cylinder and accelerates the sheets to be fed from standstill to the peripheral speed of the printing cylinder, a safe sheet feed is achieved with a very precise feed register even at high speeds (e.g. 12,000 sheets per hour).
It is particularly advantageous that laser-writing systems are assigned to the forme cylinders and thus laser-imageable plates are imaged directly in the printing press (computer-to-press). This means that there are no registration problems due to the plate mounting on the forme cylinder or due to errors during the production of the plates. This means that circumferential, side or inclined register setting devices can be dispensed with.
The short inking units without ink zones minimize makeready times and simplify operation of the printing press. In particular, the short inking units enable a very small overall size of the entire printing press. The short inking units are only in contact with one printing surface of the forme cylinder, so that, when parked, they are rolled over only against an anilox roller. An existing color relief in the circumferential direction is reduced by different diameters of applicator roller and anilox roller. The anilox roller interacts with a chambered doctor blade, which completely removes the remains of the ink relief and creates a completely even ink film on the anilox roller.
Damping units are not required when using plates suitable for dry offset, so that known problems caused by dampening solutions, such as, for example, emulsification or increased stenciling, cannot arise.
The investment pile and delivery pile are on one side, which improves usability. In addition, the side to be printed of the sheets to be fed is at the bottom, while the printed side is at the top of the discharged sheets of the delivery stack. As a result, it is not necessary to turn the stacks after the straight printing in order to reprint the sheets.

Die erfindungsgemäße Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine ist kompakt, minimiert die Rüstzeiten, vereinfacht die Bedienung und garantiert trotzdem mehrfarbige, schablonierfreie Qualitätsdrucke bei hervorragendem Passer. Somit eignet sich diese Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine besonders für kleine Auflagen in einem Bereich von 100 bis 20.000 Bogen. The sheet-fed rotary printing press according to the invention is compact, minimizes set-up times, simplifies Operation and still guarantees multi-colored, stencil-free quality prints with excellent Passer. This makes it suitable Sheet-fed rotary printing machine, especially for small ones Print runs in a range from 100 to 20,000 sheets.

Zudem wird eine mindestens doppelte Einfärbung der Farbauftragwalze dadurch erreicht, daß die Umfangslänge der einzufärbenden Druckfläche kleiner oder gleich einer Umfangslänge der zugeordneten Farbauftragswalze ist.In addition, at least double coloring of the Ink application roller achieved in that the circumferential length the printing area to be inked is less than or equal to one Circumferential length of the assigned inking roller is.

Die erfindungsgemäße Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben.The sheet-fed rotary printing press according to the invention is in shown in the drawing and is described in more detail below described.

Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine schematische Seitenansicht der Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung eines Nockengetriebes zur Steuerung von Farbauftragwalzen.
Show it
Fig. 1
a schematic side view of the sheet-fed rotary printing press;
Fig. 2
is a schematic representation of a cam gear for controlling inking rollers.

Die vorliegende Patentanmeldung begehrt nicht Schutz für eine Bogenoffsetdruckmaschine, sondern nur für eine Bogendruckmaschine für Direktdruck, d. h. ohne Gummizylinder.This patent application does not seek protection for a sheetfed offset press, but only for one Sheet printing machine for direct printing, d. H. without Blanket cylinders.

Ein Schuppenanleger 1 ist einer Bogenanlage 2 einer Bogenoffsetrotationsdruckmaschine vorgeschaltet. Diese Bogenanlage 2 ist in Seitengestellen 3, 4 der Bogenoffsetrotationsdruckmaschine gelagert und besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Seitenausrichteeinrichtung, beispielsweise einer Saugziehmarke 6, einer Bogenzuführeinrichtung 7 und Vordermarken 8, 9. Beispielsweise ist die Bogenzuführeinrichtung 7 als rotierende Stopptrommel 7 ausgeführt, die am Umfang mit zwei um 180° versetzten, sich in Richtung einer Drehachse 11 der Stopptrommel 7 erstreckenden Greifersystemen 12, 13 versehen ist. Im Bereich dieser Greifersysteme 12, 13 ist jeweils eine Reihe, d. h. mindestens zwei, Vordermarken 8, 9 angeordnet. Der Antrieb der Stopptrommel 7 erfolgt beispielsweise synchronisiert zum Maschinentakt mittels eines nichtdargestellten Elektroantriebes, der jeweils innerhalb von 180° bezogen auf die Stopptrommel 7 diese von Stillstand auf Umfangsgeschwindigkeit eines Druckzylinders 14 beschleunigt und anschließend wieder bis zum Stillstand abbremst. Die Bogenzuführeinrichtung 7 kann auch als Schwinger oder Saugtrommel ausgeführt sein oder auch mehrstufig aus Kombinationen von Saugtrommel und Stopptrommel bzw. Schwinger arbeiten und ist unterhalb von zuzuführenden Bogen angeordnet.A shed feeder 1 is a sheet feeder 2 Upstream sheet-fed rotary printing press. This Sheet system 2 is in side frames 3, 4 of Sheet offset rotary printing machine stored and exists essentially from a side alignment device, for example a suction mark 6, one Sheet feeder 7 and front marks 8, 9. For example, the sheet feeder 7 is as rotating stop drum 7 running on the circumference two offset by 180 °, towards one Axis of rotation 11 of the stop drum 7 extending Gripper systems 12, 13 is provided. In the area of this Gripper systems 12, 13 are each a row, i. H. at least two, front marks 8, 9 arranged. The The stop drum 7 is driven, for example synchronized to the machine cycle by means of a electric drive, not shown, each within 180 ° of the stop drum 7 this from standstill to peripheral speed Printing cylinder 14 accelerated and then again brakes to a standstill. The sheet feeder 7 can also be designed as a vibrator or suction drum be or multi-stage from combinations of Suction drum and stop drum or vibrator work and is arranged below the sheet to be fed.

Der zentrale Druckzylinder 14 mit einem Durchmesser d14, z. B. d14 = 396 mm, der einem dreifachen Nenndurchmesser dn = 132 mm entspricht, ist mit drei jeweils um 120° versetzten, sich parallel zu dessen Drehachse 16 erstreckenden Greifersystemen 17, 18, 19 versehen. Diese steuerbaren, mit Greiferauflagen 103, 104, 106 zusammenwirkenden Greifersysteme 17, 18, 19 werden mittels Kurvenrollen, die mit veränderbaren Steuerkurven zusammenwirken, zum öffnen und Schließen betätigt.
Mit diesem Druckzylinder 14 wirken zwei einen doppelten Nenndurchmesser dn aufweisende Gummizylinder 21, 22 mit einem Durchmesser d21 bzw. d22, z. B. d21 = 264 mm bzw. d22 = 264 mm zusammen, die jeweils zwei gleich große, gegenüberliegende Druckflächen 23, 24 bzw. 26, 27 aufweisen. Der jeweilige Gummizylinder 21, 22 kann mit zwei Gummitüchern 28, 29 bzw. 31, 32 entsprechend den zugeordneten Druckflächen 23, 24 bzw. 26, 27 oder auch mit einem einzigen, den beiden Druckflächen 23, 24 bzw. 26, 27 entsprechenden Gummituch belegt werden.
Diesen Gummizylindern 21, 22 sind entsprechende Formzylinder 33, 34 zugeordnet. Die doppeltgroßen Formzylinder 33, 34 mit einem Durchmesser d33 bzw. d34, z. B. d33 = 264 mm bzw. d34 = 264 mm, weisen ebenfalls zwei den Druckflächen 23, 24 bzw. 26, 27 der Gummizylinder 21, 22 zugeordnete Druckflächen 36, 37 bzw. 38, 39 auf. Diese Druckflächen 36, 37 bzw. 38, 39 werden beispielsweise von druckformtragende Platten 41, 42 bzw. 43, 44 gebildet, wobei jede dieser Druckflächen 36, 37 bzw. 38, 39 der Formzylinder 33, 34 mit einer eigenen Platte 41, 42 bzw. 43, 44 oder auch beide Druckflächen 36, 37 bzw. 38, 39 mit einer gemeinsamen Platte, die dann zwei Druckformen trägt, versehen sein kann. Vorzugsweise werden spezielle, für den wasserlosen Offsetdruck geeignete Platten 41, 42, 43, 44 verwendet, so daß auf Feuchtwerke verzichtet werden kann. Die beschriebene Bogenoffsetrotationsmaschine arbeitet mit Flachdruckplatten. Es ist aber auch möglich Hochdruckplatten zu verwenden (Letterset). Beim direkten Hochdruck, d. h. zum direkten Mehrfarbendruck, können die Gummizylinder 21, 22 entfallen.
Jedem Formzylinder 33, 34 ist ein eigenes Laser-Schreibsystem 46, 47 zur direkten Bebilderung dazu geeigneter Platten 41, 42, 43, 44 zugeordnet. Diese Platten 41, 42, 43, 44 befinden sich vor der Bebilderung auf den Formzylindern 33, 34 und können den Formzylindern 33, 34 einzeln zugeführt werden. Es ist aber auch möglich den Formzylinder 33, 34 mit einem Hohlraum zu versehen und dort Vorrats- und Aufnahmespindel einer laserbeschriftbaren Folie anzuordnen.
Gummi- und Formzylinder 21, 22 bzw. 33, 34 können jeweils mit mehr als zwei Druckflächen ausgestattet sein, wobei der Druckzylinder 14 dann z. B. ein Greifersystem mehr oder weniger trägt als die Anzahl der Druckflächen eines Formzylinders 33, 34. Die Anzahl der Greifersysteme 17, 18, 19 des Druckzylinders 14 ist ungleich der Anzahl der Druckflächen 36, 37 des Formzylinders 33.
Die beiden Laser-Schreibsysteme 46, 47 sind im Ausführungsbeispiel gemeinsam auf einer sich parallel zu der Drehachse 16 des Druckzylinders 14 erstreckenden Traverse 48 gelagert. Dabei befinden sich beispielsweise eine Vielzahl von unabhängigen Laserdioden an einem festen Standort und sind jeweils mit einem Ende eines Lichtleiters verbunden. Die anderen Enden der Lichtleiter sind auf einem Schlitten eng nebeneinander angeordnet, wobei auf jeden Formzylinder 33, 34 jeweils eine Vielzahl (z. B. 64) der Lichtleiter ausgerichtet sind. Der Schlitten ist parallel zur Längsrichtung der Formzylinder 33, 34 auf der Traverse 48 axial verfahrbar. Die beiden Formzylinder 33, 34 können so gleichzeitig bebildert werden. Es ist auch möglich auf den axial verfahrbaren Schlitten zu verzichten und die Lichtleiter ortsfest, auf den jeweiligen Formzylinder 33, 34 ausgerichtet anzuordnen, wobei dann eine der gewünschten Auflösung des Druckbildes entsprechende Anzahl von Lichtleitern über eine gesamte Länge der Formzylinder 33, 34 vorgesehen ist. Es kann auch ein einziges Bebilderungsystem angeordnet sein, das wahlweise beiden Formzylindern 33, 34 zugeordnet werden kann, beispielsweise mittels einer Schwenkeinrichtung, oder dessen Strahlen derart abgelenkt werden, daß beide Formzylinder 33, 34 bebildert werden können.
The central pressure cylinder 14 with a diameter d14, z. B. d14 = 396 mm, which corresponds to a triple nominal diameter dn = 132 mm, is provided with three gripper systems 17, 18, 19, each offset by 120 ° and extending parallel to its axis of rotation 16. These controllable gripper systems 17, 18, 19, which interact with gripper supports 103, 104, 106, are actuated to open and close by means of cam rollers which interact with variable control cams.
With this pressure cylinder 14 act two double nominal diameter dn rubber cylinders 21, 22 with a diameter d21 and d22, z. B. d21 = 264 mm or d22 = 264 mm together, which each have two equal, opposite pressure surfaces 23, 24 and 26, 27. The respective rubber cylinder 21, 22 can be covered with two rubber blankets 28, 29 or 31, 32 corresponding to the assigned printing surfaces 23, 24 or 26, 27 or with a single rubber blanket corresponding to the two printing surfaces 23, 24 or 26, 27 become.
Corresponding forme cylinders 33, 34 are assigned to these rubber cylinders 21, 22. The double-sized forme cylinders 33, 34 with a diameter d33 or d34, z. B. d33 = 264 mm or d34 = 264 mm, also have two pressure surfaces 36, 37 or 38, 39 assigned to the pressure surfaces 23, 24 or 26, 27 of the rubber cylinders 21, 22. These pressure surfaces 36, 37 and 38, 39 are formed, for example, by printing plate plates 41, 42 and 43, 44, each of these pressure surfaces 36, 37 and 38, 39 of the forme cylinders 33, 34 having its own plate 41, 42 and 43, 44 or both printing surfaces 36, 37 or 38, 39 can be provided with a common plate which then carries two printing forms. Special plates 41, 42, 43, 44 suitable for waterless offset printing are preferably used, so that dampening units can be dispensed with. The sheet offset rotary machine described works with planographic printing plates. But it is also possible to use high pressure plates (letterset). In direct high pressure, ie for direct multi-color printing, the rubber cylinders 21, 22 can be omitted.
Each forme cylinder 33, 34 is assigned its own laser writing system 46, 47 for direct imaging of suitable plates 41, 42, 43, 44. These plates 41, 42, 43, 44 are located on the forme cylinders 33, 34 before the imaging and can be fed to the forme cylinders 33, 34 individually. However, it is also possible to provide the forme cylinder 33, 34 with a cavity and to arrange a supply and holding spindle of a laser-inscribable film there.
Rubber and forme cylinders 21, 22 and 33, 34 can each be equipped with more than two printing surfaces, the printing cylinder 14 then z. B. a gripper system carries more or less than the number of printing surfaces of a forme cylinder 33, 34. The number of gripper systems 17, 18, 19 of the printing cylinder 14 is not equal to the number of printing surfaces 36, 37 of the forme cylinder 33.
In the exemplary embodiment, the two laser writing systems 46, 47 are mounted together on a traverse 48 which extends parallel to the axis of rotation 16 of the printing cylinder 14. For example, a large number of independent laser diodes are located at a fixed location and are each connected to one end of an optical fiber. The other ends of the light guides are arranged close to one another on a slide, a large number (for example 64) of the light guides being aligned with each forme cylinder 33, 34. The carriage can be moved axially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the forme cylinders 33, 34 on the crossmember 48. The two forme cylinders 33, 34 can thus be imaged at the same time. It is also possible to dispense with the axially displaceable carriage and to arrange the light guides in a stationary manner, aligned with the respective forme cylinders 33, 34, in which case a number of light guides corresponding to the desired resolution of the printed image is provided over an entire length of the forme cylinders 33, 34. A single imaging system can also be arranged, which can optionally be assigned to both forme cylinders 33, 34, for example by means of a swiveling device, or whose rays are deflected such that both forme cylinders 33, 34 can be imaged.

Jede der Druckflächen 36, 37, 38, 39 der beiden Formzylinder 33, 34% wird von einem eigenen Farbwerk 49, 51, 52, 53 eingefärbt. Dazu sind die Farbwerke 49, 51, 52, 53 an die Formzylinder 33, 34 alternierend an- und abstellbar, so daß jeweils nur die zugehörige Druckfläche 36, 37, 38, 39 eingefärbt wird. Diese als Kurzfarbwerke ausgeführten Farbwerke 49, 51, 52, 53 bestehen im wesentlichen jeweils aus einer die Druckfläche 36, 37, 38, 39 einfärbenden Farbauftragwalze 54, 56, 57, 58 einer angetriebenen Rasterwalze 59, 61, 62, 63 einer Kammerrakel 64, 66, 67, 68 und einer Auffangwanne 69. Die jeweilige Farbauftragwalze 54, 56, 57, 58 kann auch angetrieben ausgeführt sein, wobei ein mit der Rasterwalze 59, 61, 62, 63 gemeinsamer Antrieb oder ein eigener unabhängiger, beispielsweise regelbarer Antrieb vorgesehen sein kann. Ein Durchmesser d54, d56, d57, d58, z. B. = 123 mm, der Farbauftragwalzen 54, 56, 57, 58 ist von einem Durchmesser d59, d61, d62, d63, z. B. = 117 mm, der Rasterwalzen 59, 61, 62, 63 verschieden. Damit ist eine Umfangslänge der einzufärbenden Druckfläche 36, 37, 38, 39 kleiner oder gleich der Umfangslänge der zugeordneten Farbauftragswalze 54, 56, 57, 58. Die ein Arbeits- und Schließrakelblatt 71, 72 aufweisende Kammerrakel 64, 66, 67, 68 führt der Rasterwalze 59, 61, 62, 63 Druckfarbe zu, die mittels des Arbeitsrakelblattes 71 dosiert wird. überschüssige, von der Rasterwalze 59, 61, 62, 63 mittels des jeweiligen Schließrakelblatt 72 abgerakelte Druckfarbe wird von der Auffangwanne 69 aufgenommen und einem Farbkreislauf wieder zugeführt. Rasterwalze 59, 61, 62, 63 und gummierte Farbauftragwalze 54, 56, 57, 58 sind in ständigen Kontakt miteinander, während die Farbauftragwalze 54, 56, 57, 58 synchronisiert zum jeweiligen Formzylinder 33, 34 an die zugehörige Druckfläche 36, 37, 38, 39 anstellbar ist. Dazu ist jeweils die Farbauftragwalze 54, 56, 57, 58 beidseitig in um die Rasterwalze 59, 61, 62, 63 schwenkbare, einarmige Hebel 72, 73, 74, 76 gelagert. Diese Hebel 72, 73, 74, 76 können mechanisch, z. B. mittels eines Nockengetriebes, oder elektrisch, z. B. mittels eines mit einem Druckmittel beaufschlagbaren Arbeitszylinders 78, 79, 81, 82 zusammenwirkenden Magnetventil betätigt werden. Each of the printing surfaces 36, 37, 38, 39 of the two Forme cylinder 33, 34% is operated by its own inking unit 49, 51, 52, 53 colored. The inking units 49, 51, 52, 53 to the forme cylinders 33, 34 alternately on and adjustable, so that only the associated one Printing area 36, 37, 38, 39 is colored. This as Short inking units executed inking units 49, 51, 52, 53 consist essentially of one each Printing area 36, 37, 38, 39 inking inking roller 54, 56, 57, 58 of a driven anilox roller 59, 61, 62, 63 a chambered doctor blade 64, 66, 67, 68 and one Collecting pan 69. The respective inking roller 54, 56, 57, 58 can also be designed to be driven, wherein a with the Anilox roller 59, 61, 62, 63 common drive or a own independent, for example controllable drive can be provided. A diameter d54, d56, d57, d58, e.g. B. = 123 mm, the inking rollers 54, 56, 57, 58 is of a diameter d59, d61, d62, d63, z. B. = 117 mm, the anilox rollers 59, 61, 62, 63 different. So that is a circumferential length of to be inked printing area 36, 37, 38, 39 smaller or equal to the circumferential length of the assigned Ink application roller 54, 56, 57, 58. The one working and Closing doctor blade 71, 72 having chamber doctor blade 64, 66, 67, 68 guides the anilox roller 59, 61, 62, 63 printing ink to, which is metered by means of the doctor blade 71. excess, from the anilox roller 59, 61, 62, 63 doctored by means of the respective doctor blade 72 Ink is received by the drip pan 69 and fed back into a color cycle. Anilox roller 59, 61, 62, 63 and rubberized inking roller 54, 56, 57, 58 are in constant contact with each other while the Ink application roller 54, 56, 57, 58 synchronized to respective forme cylinders 33, 34 to the associated Printing area 36, 37, 38, 39 is adjustable. Is to the inking roller 54, 56, 57, 58 on both sides in pivotable about the anilox roller 59, 61, 62, 63, one-armed lever 72, 73, 74, 76 mounted. These levers 72, 73, 74, 76 can be mechanically, e.g. B. by means of a Cam gear, or electrical, e.g. B. by means of a working cylinder can be pressurized 78, 79, 81, 82 cooperating solenoid valve actuated become.

In Produktionsrichtung ist nach den beiden Gummizylindern 21, 22 eine Kettenräder 83 aufweisende Kettenradwelle 84 angeordnet, die mit dem Druckzylinder 14 zusammenwirkt. Eine Länge l, z. B. 414 mm, eines von zwei Zentralen 85, 90 des Gummizylinders 22 und Druckzylinders 14 bzw. Kettenradwelle 8 und Druckzylinder 14 begrenzten Kreisbogens 95 auf der Mantelfläche des Druckzylinders 14 ist größer als eine Länge, z. B. 360 mm, der Bogen bei maximalem, für diese Maschine zulässigen Format. Ein von der Zentralen 90 des Druckzylinders 14 und der Kettenradwelle 84 und von der Zentralen 100 des Druckzylinders 14 und der Stopptrommel 7 eingeschlossener Winkel Alpha, z. B. Alpha = 60°, ist kleiner als ein Winkel Beta, z. B. Beta = 120°, der von zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Greifersystemen 17, 18 gebildet wird. Die Kettenradwelle 84 führt eine Kette 86 eines Kettengreiferauslegers 87. Diese Kette 86 ist mit z. B. vier Kettengreifersystemen 88, 89, 91, 92 ausgestattet, wobei ein Abstand a, z. B. 829 mm, zweier Kettengreifersysteme 88, 89, 91, 92 zueinander bei gestreckter Kette 86 einer Umfangslänge eines Gummi-bzw. Plattenzylinders 21, 22 bzw. 33, 34 entspricht. Diese so ausgestaltete, endlose Kette 86 wird von einer zweiten Kettenradwelle 93 umgelenkt und läuft zum Druckzylinder 14 zurück. Dieser Abstand a kann aber auch dann kleiner ausgeführt sein, wenn die Kette ungleichförmig, z. B. zur Bogenablage verlangsamt, umläuft.In the direction of production is after the two Rubber cylinders 21, 22 having a sprocket 83 Sprocket shaft 84 arranged with the pressure cylinder 14 cooperates. A length l, e.g. B. 414 mm, one of two centers 85, 90 of the blanket cylinder 22 and Printing cylinder 14 or sprocket shaft 8 and Printing cylinder 14 limited circular arc 95 on the The outer surface of the printing cylinder 14 is larger than one Length, e.g. B. 360 mm, the arch at maximum, for this Machine allowed format. One of the central 90 of the Printing cylinder 14 and the sprocket shaft 84 and from the Central 100 of the printing cylinder 14 and the stop drum 7 included angle alpha, e.g. B. Alpha = 60 ° smaller than an angle beta, e.g. B. Beta = 120 °, that of two successive gripper systems 17, 18 is formed. The sprocket shaft 84 guides a chain 86 a chain grab arm 87. This chain 86 is with z. B. four chain gripper systems 88, 89, 91, 92 equipped, with a distance a, z. B. 829 mm, two Chain gripper systems 88, 89, 91, 92 to each other stretched chain 86 of a circumferential length of a rubber or. Plate cylinder 21, 22 or 33, 34 corresponds. This endless chain 86 designed in this way is operated by a second sprocket shaft 93 deflected and runs to Printing cylinder 14 back. This distance a can also then be made smaller when the chain non-uniform, e.g. B. slows down to sheet storage, circulates.

Die Funktionsweise der nicht erfindungsgemäßen Bogenoffsetdruckmaschine ist folgendermaßen:
Der Schuppenanleger 1 vereinzelt Bogen von einem Stapel 94 und führt diese über einen Saugbändertisch 96 der stillstehenden Stopptrommel 7 zu. Dort wird eine Vorderkante eines ersten angelegten Bogens 97 an den Vordermarken 8 parallel zur Drehachse 11 der Stopptrommel 7 ausgerichtet. Anschließend erfaßt die Saugziehmarke 6 den Bogen 97 und richtet diesen seitlich aus. Nach dem Ausrichten des Bogens 97 schließt das Greifersystem 12 der Stopptrommel 7 und die Stopptrommel 7 beschleunigt den Bogen 97 aus dem Stillstand auf Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Druckzylinders 14. Nach Erreichen der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit übergibt das Greifersystem 12 der Stopptrommel 7 den Bogen 97 an das erste Greifersystem 17 des Druckzylinders 14. Dieses fördert den Bogen 97 zu dem ersten Gummizylinder 21 und
der Bogen 97 wird von der Druckfläche 23 des Gummizylinders 21 bedruckt. Zuvor hat die vom Farbwerk 49 beispielsweise mit schwarzer Druckfarbe eingefärbte Platte 41 des Formzylinders 33 ihr Druckbild an die Druckfläche 23 des Gummizylinders 21 übertragen. Der so mit einem ersten Druckbild versehene Bogen 97 und vom Greifersystem 17 gehaltene Bogen 97 wird zum zweiten Gummizylinder 22 transportiert. Dort wird der Bogen 97 von der zuvor mittels des Farbwerkes 52 und der Platte 43 des zweiten Formzylinders 34 mit einem zweiten Druckbild (beispielsweise in der Druckfarbe "Cyan") versehenen Druckfläche 26 mit dem zweiten Druckbild bedruckt.
Unterdessen passierte das zweite Greifersystem 18 des Druckzylinders 14 die Stopptrommel 7 ohne dabei einen Bogen aufzunehmen.
Das dritte Greifersystem 19 übernimmt nun einen zweiten Bogen 98 von dem zweiten Greifersystem 13 der Stopptrommel 7, der in der gleichen Weise wie der erste Bogen 97 der Stopptrommel 7 zugeführt und ausgerichtet wurde. Auch dieser Bogen 98 wird zuerst von der das Druckbild der Platte 41 tragenden Druckfläche 23 des ersten Gummizylinders 21 und dann von der das Druckbild der Platte 43 tragenden Druckfläche 26 des zweiten Gummizylinders 22 bedruckt.
Währenddessen wurde der ersten Bogen 97 an der Kettenradwelle 84 und an der Stopptrommel 7 vorbeigefördert, ohne das Greifersystem 17 zu öffnen. Der Bogen 97 gelangt nun zum zweitenmal zu den Gummizylindern 21 und 22. Am ersten Gummizylinder 21 wird der Bogen 97 allerdings nun von der zweiten Druckfläche 24 mit dem dritten Druckbild bedruckt, das von der beispielsweise mit der Druckfarbe "Magenta" mittels des Farbwerkes 51 eingefärbten Platte 42 an die Druckfläche 24 übertragen wurde. Das vierte Druckbild wurde von der beispielsweise mit gelber Druckfarbe mittels des Farbwerkes 53 eingefärbten Platte 44 auf die zweite Druckfläche 27 des zweiten Gummizylinders 22 übertragen. Diese Druckfläche 44 bedruckt den Bogen 97 mit dem vierten Druckbild.
Das zweite Greifersystem 18 übernahm zwischenzeitlich von dem ersten Greifersystem 12 der Stopptrommel 7 einen dritten Bogen 99, der nun ebenso wie der erste und zweite Bogen 97, 98 erstmalig von den Druckflächen 23 bzw. 26 der Gummizylinder 21 bzw. 22 bedruckt wird. Der vollständig bedruckte, mit vier Druckbildern versehene erste Bogen 97 wird nach Ende des vierten Druckvorganges auch bei maximaler Formatlänge, z. B. 360 mm, von dem Kettengreifersystem 91 im Bereich der Kettenradwelle 84 übernommen. Hierbei öffnet das Greifersystem 17 erstmalig nach der übernahme des unbedruckten Bogens 97 von dem ersten Greifersystem 12 der Stopptrommel 7, der Bogen 97 wurde somit in einem Greiferschluß mit vier Druckbildern bedruckt. Dieses Kettengreifersystem 91 transportiert den Bogen 97 in dem Kettengreiferausleger 87 bis in den Bereich eines Stapels 101. Dort öffnet das Kettengreifersystem 91 und der Bogen 97 wird auf dem Stapel 101 abgelegt.
Das nun leere Greifersystem 17 übernimmt im Anschluß einen vierten Bogen 102 vom Greifersystem 12 der Stopptrommel 7.
Das zweite Greifersystem 18 transportiert den dritten, mit zwei Druckbildern bedruckten Bogen 99 an der Kettenradwelle 84 vorbei, während der zweite, inzwischen mit vier Druckbildern versehene Bogen 98 an das Kettengreifersystem 92 übergeben und zum Stapel 101 transportiert wird.
Diese beschriebenen Vorgänge wiederholen sich periodisch, so daß pro Umdrehung der Formzylinder 33, 34 bzw. der Gummizylinder 21, 22 jeweils ein mit vier Druckbildern bedruckter Bogen zum Kettengreiferausleger 87 gelangt und dort auf dem Stapel 101 abgelegt wird.
The functioning of the sheetfed offset printing machine not according to the invention is as follows:
The scale feeder 1 separates sheets from a stack 94 and feeds them via a suction belt table 96 to the stationary stop drum 7. There, a front edge of a first sheet 97 applied is aligned on the front marks 8 parallel to the axis of rotation 11 of the stop drum 7. Then the suction mark 6 detects the sheet 97 and aligns it laterally. After aligning the sheet 97, the gripper system 12 closes the stop drum 7 and the stop drum 7 accelerates the sheet 97 from standstill to the circumferential speed of the printing cylinder 14. After reaching the circumferential speed, the gripper system 12 transfers the sheet 97 to the first gripper system 17 Printing cylinder 14. This conveys the sheet 97 to the first blanket cylinder 21 and
the sheet 97 is printed by the printing surface 23 of the blanket cylinder 21. Before that, the plate 41 of the forme cylinder 33 inked by the inking unit 49, for example with black printing ink, has transferred its printed image to the printing surface 23 of the blanket cylinder 21. The sheet 97 thus provided with a first printed image and the sheet 97 held by the gripper system 17 are transported to the second rubber cylinder 22. There, the sheet 97 is printed with the second printing image from the printing surface 26 previously provided by the inking unit 52 and the plate 43 of the second forme cylinder 34 with a second printing image (for example in the printing ink “cyan”).
Meanwhile, the second gripper system 18 of the printing cylinder 14 passed the stop drum 7 without picking up a sheet.
The third gripper system 19 now takes over a second sheet 98 from the second gripper system 13 of the stop drum 7, which was fed and aligned in the same way as the first sheet 97 of the stop drum 7. This sheet 98 is also printed first by the printing surface 23 of the first blanket cylinder 21 bearing the printed image of the plate 41 and then by the printing surface 26 of the second blanket cylinder 22 bearing the printed image of the plate 43.
In the meantime, the first sheet 97 was conveyed past the sprocket shaft 84 and the stop drum 7 without opening the gripper system 17. The sheet 97 now reaches the rubber cylinders 21 and 22 for the second time. However, on the first rubber cylinder 21, the sheet 97 is now printed by the second printing surface 24 with the third printing image, which is colored by the inking unit 51, for example with the printing ink "magenta" Plate 42 was transferred to the printing surface 24. The fourth printed image was transferred from the plate 44 inked, for example, with yellow printing ink by means of the inking unit 53 to the second printing surface 27 of the second blanket cylinder 22. This printing surface 44 prints the sheet 97 with the fourth print image.
The second gripper system 18 in the meantime took over a third sheet 99 from the first gripper system 12 of the stop drum 7, which, like the first and second sheets 97, 98, is now being printed for the first time by the printing surfaces 23 and 26 of the rubber cylinders 21 and 22, respectively. The completely printed, provided with four printed images first sheet 97 is after the end of the fourth printing process even at maximum format length, z. B. 360 mm, taken from the chain gripper system 91 in the area of the sprocket shaft 84. Here, the gripper system 17 opens for the first time after the unprinted sheet 97 has been taken over from the first gripper system 12 of the stop drum 7, the sheet 97 has thus been printed with four printed images in a gripper closure. This chain gripper system 91 transports the sheet 97 in the chain gripper arm 87 to the area of a stack 101. There the chain gripper system 91 opens and the sheet 97 is placed on the stack 101.
The now empty gripper system 17 then takes over a fourth sheet 102 from the gripper system 12 of the stop drum 7.
The second gripper system 18 transports the third sheet 99 printed with two printed images past the sprocket shaft 84, while the second sheet 98, which has now been provided with four printed images, is transferred to the chain gripper system 92 and transported to the stack 101.
These described processes are repeated periodically, so that each revolution of the forme cylinders 33, 34 and the rubber cylinders 21, 22, respectively, one sheet printed with four printed images reaches the chain gripper arm 87 and is deposited there on the stack 101.

Die vorgenannten Nockengetriebe 75 für das An- und Abstellen der Farbauftragwalzen 54, 56, 57, 58 können auf jeder Seite beispielsweise jeweils im wesentlichen aus einem Paar Kurvenscheiben 106, 107 und zwei mit diesen zusammenwirkenden Kurvenrollen 108, 109 bestehen und werden beispielhaft anhand eines Nockengetriebes 75 des Formzylinders 33 beschrieben. Die Kurvenscheiben 106, 107 sind starr auf einem Zapfen 111 des jeweiligen, zugehörigen Formzylinders 33 befestigt und laufen mit diesem um. Eine Mantelfläche jeder Kurvenscheibe 106, 107 ist in Umfangsrichtung mit einer kreisbogenförmigen, auf die zugehörige Druckfläche 36, 37 angepaßten Vertiefung 112, 113 und einer gegenüberliegenden, kreisbogenförmigen Erhöhung 114, 116, die mittels sanfter, im Bereich eines Kanals des Formzylinders 33 liegender übergangskurven verbunden sind, versehen. Die Kurvenrollen 108, 109 sind beispielsweise auf einem Zapfen 117 bzw. 118 der Farbauftragwalze 54 bzw. 56 drehbar gelagert. Die Kurvenrollen 108, 109 beider mit einem Formzylinder 33 gefedert zusammenwirkender Farbauftragwalzen 54, 56 sind in axialer Richtung zueinander versetzt, so daß jeder Kurvenrolle 108, 109 eine Kurvenscheibe 106, 107 zugeordnet ist. Durch die Rotation der Kurvenscheiben 106, 107 mit dem Formzylinder 33 wirkt wechselnd die Erhöhung 114, 116 und die Vertiefung 112, 113 der jeweiligen Kurvenscheibe 106, 107 derart zusammen, daß während des Zusammenwirkens der Vertiefung 112, 113 mit der Kurvenrolle 108, 109 ein Anstellen und während des Zusammenwirkens der Erhöhung 114, 116 mit der Kurvenrolle 108, 109 ein Abheben der Farbauftragwalze 54, 56 von dem Formzylinder 33 erfolgt. The aforementioned cam gear 75 for the start and Parking the inking rollers 54, 56, 57, 58 can on each page, for example, essentially from a pair of cams 106, 107 and two with these cooperating cam rollers 108, 109 exist and are exemplified using a cam gear 75 of the forme cylinder 33 described. The cams 106, 107 are rigid on a pin 111 of the respective associated forme cylinder 33 attached and run with this around. An outer surface of each cam 106, 107 is in the circumferential direction with an arcuate, adapted to the associated printing surface 36, 37 Recess 112, 113 and an opposite, arcuate elevation 114, 116 which means more gently, in the area of a channel of the forme cylinder 33 horizontal transition curves are connected. The Cam rollers 108, 109 are for example on one Pins 117 and 118 of the inking roller 54 and 56 rotatably mounted. The cam rollers 108, 109 both with a forme cylinder 33 spring cooperating Ink application rollers 54, 56 are in the axial direction offset from one another so that each cam roller 108, 109 a cam plate 106, 107 is assigned. Through the Rotation of the cam disks 106, 107 with the Forme cylinder 33 acts alternately with elevation 114, 116 and the recess 112, 113 of the respective cam 106, 107 together in such a way that during the Interaction of the recess 112, 113 with the Cam roller 108, 109 starting and during the Interaction of the increase 114, 116 with the Cam roller 108, 109 lifting the inking roller 54, 56 from the forme cylinder 33.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
SchuppenanlegerStream feeder
22
Bogenanlagesheet feeder
33
Seitengestellside frame
44
Seitengestellside frame
55
--
66
Saugziehmarkesuction pull
77
Bogenzuführeinrichtung, StopptrommelSheet feeding device, stop drum
88th
Vordermarkefront lay
99
Vordermarkefront lay
1010
--
1111
Drehachse (7)Axis of rotation (7)
1212
Greifersystem (7)Gripper system (7)
1313
Greifersystem (7)Gripper system (7)
1414
Druckzylinderpressure cylinder
1515
--
1616
Drehachseaxis of rotation
1717
Greifersystem (14)Gripper system (14)
1818
Greifersystem (14)Gripper system (14)
1919
Greifersystem (14)Gripper system (14)
2020
--
2121
Gummizylinderrubber cylinder
2222
Gummizylinderrubber cylinder
2323
Druckfläche (21)Printing area (21)
2424
Druckfläche (21)Printing area (21)
2525
--
2626
Druckfläche (22)Printing area (22)
2727
Druckfläche (22) Printing area (22)
2828
Gummituch (21)Rubber blanket (21)
2929
Gummituch (21)Rubber blanket (21)
3030
--
3131
Gummituch (22)Rubber blanket (22)
3232
Gummituch (22)Rubber blanket (22)
3333
Formzylinderform cylinder
3434
Formzylinderform cylinder
3535
--
3636
Druckfläche (33)Printing area (33)
3737
Druckfläche (33)Printing area (33)
3838
Druckfläche (34)Printing area (34)
3939
Druckfläche (34)Printing area (34)
4040
--
4141
Platte (33)Plate (33)
4242
Platte (33)Plate (33)
4343
Platte (34)Plate (34)
4444
Platte (34)Plate (34)
4545
--
4646
Laser-SchreibsystemLaser writing system
4747
Laser-SchreibsystemLaser writing system
4848
Traversetraverse
4949
Farbwerkinking
5050
--
5151
Farbwerkinking
5252
Farbwerkinking
5353
Farbwerkinking
5454
FarbauftragwalzeInking roller
5555
--
5656
Farbauftragwalze Inking roller
5757
FarbauftragwalzeInking roller
5858
FarbauftragwalzeInking roller
5959
Rasterwalzeanilox roller
6060
--
6161
Rasterwalzeanilox roller
6262
Rasterwalzeanilox roller
6363
Rasterwalzeanilox roller
6464
Kammerrakelchambered doctor blade
6565
--
6666
Kammerrakelchambered doctor blade
6767
Kammerrakelchambered doctor blade
6868
Kammerrakelchambered doctor blade
6969
Auffangwannedrip tray
7070
--
7171
ArbeitsrakelblattWorking doctor blade
7272
SchließrakelblattClosing doctor blade
7373
Hebellever
7474
Hebellever
7575
Nockengetriebecam gear
7676
Hebellever
7777
Hebellever
7878
Arbeitszylinderworking cylinder
7979
Arbeitszylinderworking cylinder
8080
--
8181
Arbeitszylinderworking cylinder
8282
Arbeitszylinderworking cylinder
8383
KettenradSprocket
8484
Kettenradwellesprocket
8585
Zentrale (22; 14) Head office (22; 14)
8686
KetteChain
8787
KettengreiferauslegerGripper chain Leger
8888
KettengreifersystemChain gripper system
8989
KettengreifersystemChain gripper system
9090
Zentrale (84; 94)Head Office (84; 94)
9191
KettengreifersystemChain gripper system
9292
KettengreifersystemChain gripper system
9393
Kettenradwelle, zweiteSprocket shaft, second
9494
Stapel (1)Stack (1)
9595
Kreisbogen (14)Circular arc (14)
9696
Saugbändertischfeed table
9797
Bogen, ersterBow, first
9898
Bogen, zweiterBow, second
9999
Bogen, dritterBow, third
100100
Zentrale (7; 14)Head Office (7; 14)
101101
Staoel (87)Staoel (87)
102102
Bogen, vierterBow, fourth
103103
Greiferauflage (14)Gripper pad (14)
104104
Greiferauflage (14)Gripper pad (14)
105105
Greiferauflage (14)Gripper pad (14)
106106
Kurvenscheibe (75)Cam (75)
107107
Kurvenscheibe (75)Cam (75)
108108
Kurvenrolle (75)Cam roller (75)
109109
Kurvenrolle (75)Cam roller (75)
110110
--
111111
Zapfen (33)Cone (33)
112112
Vertiefung (106)Recess (106)
113113
Vertiefung (107)Recess (107)
114114
Erhöhung (106) Elevation (106)
115115
--
116116
Erhöhung (107)Elevation (107)
117117
Zapfen (54)Cone (54)
118118
Zapfen (56)Cone (56)
aa
Abstand der Kettengreifersysteme (88; 89; 91; 92)Distance between chain gripper systems (88; 89; 91; 92)
d14d14
Durchmesser des Druckzylinders (14)Diameter of the impression cylinder (14)
d21d21
Durchmesser des Gummizylinders (21)Rubber cylinder diameter (21)
d22d22
Durchmesser des Gummizylinders (22)Rubber cylinder diameter (22)
d33d33
Durchmesser des Formzylinders (33)Diameter of the forme cylinder (33)
d34d34
Durchmesser des Formzylinders (34)Diameter of the forme cylinder (34)
d54d54
Durchmesser der Farbauftragwalze (54)Ink roller diameter (54)
d56d56
Durchmesser der Farbauftragwalze (56)Ink roller diameter (56)
d57d57
Durchmesser der Farbauftragwalze (57)Ink roller diameter (57)
d58d58
Durchmesser der Farbauftragwalze (58)Ink roller diameter (58)
d59d59
Durchmesser der Rastervalze (59)Diameter of the grid rollers (59)
d61d61
Durchmesser der Rasterwalze (61)Anilox roller diameter (61)
d62d62
Durchmesser der Rasterwalze (62)Anilox roller diameter (62)
d63d63
Durchmesser der Rasterwalze (63)Anilox roller diameter (63)
ll
Länge des Kreisbogens (95)Length of the arc (95)
Alphaalpha
Winkel zwischen den Zentralen (90; 100)Angle between the centers (90; 100)
Betabeta
Winkel zwischen zwei Greifersystemen (17; 18)Angle between two gripper systems (17; 18)

Claims (13)

  1. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine for direct multi-colour printing, consisting of a form cylinder (33) and of a central impression cylinder (14) provided with a plurality of controlled gripper systems (17; 18; 19), the form cylinder (33) having at least two printing surfaces (36; 37), and the number of gripper systems (17; 18; 19) of the impression cylinder (14) being unequal to the number of printing surfaces (36; 37) of the form cylinder (33), and a stack (94) of sheets (97; 98; 99) to be supplied and a stack (101) of discharged sheets (97; 98; 99) being arranged on one side of the sheet-fed rotary printing machine, the impression cylinder being assigned at least one second form cylinder (34) and the impression cylinder (14) being assigned a sheet-discharging gripper system (88; 89; 91; 92), in such a way that a sheet (97; 98; 99) with a maximum format length is taken over by this gripper system (88; 89; 91; 92) only after the end of a printing operation between the form cylinder (34) and the impression cylinder (14), each printing surface (36; 37) of the form cylinders (33; 34) being assigned at least one short inking unit (49; 51; 52; 53), the short inking unit (49; 51; 52; 53) having in each case a chamber-type doctor blade (64; 66; 67; 68), an engraved roller (59; 61; 62; 63) and at least one ink applicator roller (54; 56; 57; 58), and laser-inscribable plates (41; 42; 43; 44) being arranged on the form cylinder (33; 34).
  2. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that each form cylinder (33; 34) is assigned its own laser writing system (46; 47).
  3. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that a single laser writing system (46; 47) is provided for the selective imaging of both form cylinders (33; 34).
  4. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine according to Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the laser writing system (46; 47) is arranged so as to be axially movable parallel to its associated form cylinder (33; 34).
  5. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine according to Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the laser writing system (46; 47) is arranged fixedly in the axial direction and is provided with a multiplicity of lasers such that the respective associated form cylinder (33; 34) is simultaneously imaged along its entire length.
  6. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the central impression cylinder (14) is assigned a sheet supply device (7), in that this sheet supply device (7) is capable of being driven in such a way that a sheet (97; 98; 99; 102) is supplied only to every second controllable gripper system (17; 18; 19) of the impression cylinder (14) and the sheets (97; 98; 99; 102) to be supplied are accelerated from standstill to the circumferential speed of the impression cylinder (14) in a single-stage or multi-stage manner.
  7. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine according to Claim 6, characterized in that this sheet supply device (7) is designed as a stop drum (7).
  8. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine according to Claim 7, characterized in that the stop drum (7) is provided on the circumference with two gripper systems (12; 13) offset at 180°.
  9. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine according to Claim 6, characterized in that a specific electric drive is provided for driving this sheet supply device (7).
  10. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ink applicator roller (54; 56; 57; 58) is arranged in constant contact with the associated engraved roller (61; 62; 63; 64) and so as to be capable of being alternately thrown onto and off the form cylinder (33; 34), at the same time inking only the respective associated printing surface (36; 37; 38; 39).
  11. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the short inking unit has only a single ink applicator roller (54; 56; 57; 58).
  12. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that this ink applicator roller (54; 56; 57; 58) is arranged so as to cooperate directly with the engraved roller (59; 61; 62; 63) and the associated printing surface (36; 37; 38; 39).
  13. Sheet-fed rotary printing machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the respective ink applicator roller (54; 56; 57; 58) is arranged so as to be mounted in levers (73; 74; 76; 77) pivotable about the associated engraved roller (61; 62; 63; 64).
EP98118431A 1995-06-30 1996-06-22 Rotary sheet-fed press Expired - Lifetime EP0899095B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19523378 1995-06-30
DE19523378A DE19523378A1 (en) 1995-06-30 1995-06-30 Sheet offset rotary printing machine
EP96918598A EP0835180B1 (en) 1995-06-30 1996-06-22 Sheet-fed, offset rotary press

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96918598A Division EP0835180B1 (en) 1995-06-30 1996-06-22 Sheet-fed, offset rotary press

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0899095A1 EP0899095A1 (en) 1999-03-03
EP0899095B1 true EP0899095B1 (en) 2002-03-06

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EP98118431A Expired - Lifetime EP0899095B1 (en) 1995-06-30 1996-06-22 Rotary sheet-fed press
EP96918598A Expired - Lifetime EP0835180B1 (en) 1995-06-30 1996-06-22 Sheet-fed, offset rotary press
EP98118430A Expired - Lifetime EP0899096B1 (en) 1995-06-30 1996-06-22 Rotary sheet-fed press

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EP96918598A Expired - Lifetime EP0835180B1 (en) 1995-06-30 1996-06-22 Sheet-fed, offset rotary press
EP98118430A Expired - Lifetime EP0899096B1 (en) 1995-06-30 1996-06-22 Rotary sheet-fed press

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US (2) US6050188A (en)
EP (3) EP0899095B1 (en)
JP (3) JP3266270B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1077039C (en)
BR (1) BR9609626A (en)
DE (4) DE19523378A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2156695C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1997002143A2 (en)

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EP0899096A1 (en) 1999-03-03
DE19523378A1 (en) 1997-01-02
EP0835180A2 (en) 1998-04-15
EP0899095A1 (en) 1999-03-03
EP0835180B1 (en) 1999-12-22
WO1997002143A3 (en) 1997-03-27
JP3330131B2 (en) 2002-09-30
BR9609626A (en) 1999-09-28
EP0899096B1 (en) 2001-11-07
WO1997002143A2 (en) 1997-01-23
JP3428959B2 (en) 2003-07-22
CN1190933A (en) 1998-08-19
JPH10510490A (en) 1998-10-13
DE59608167D1 (en) 2001-12-13
DE59603986D1 (en) 2000-01-27
DE59608860D1 (en) 2002-04-11
RU2156695C2 (en) 2000-09-27
JP3266270B2 (en) 2002-03-18
CN1077039C (en) 2002-01-02
JP2001162770A (en) 2001-06-19
US6062136A (en) 2000-05-16
JP2001171074A (en) 2001-06-26
US6050188A (en) 2000-04-18

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