EP0883206A2 - Appareil d'émission/réception pour haute fréquence et utilisation de cet appareil - Google Patents

Appareil d'émission/réception pour haute fréquence et utilisation de cet appareil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0883206A2
EP0883206A2 EP98110364A EP98110364A EP0883206A2 EP 0883206 A2 EP0883206 A2 EP 0883206A2 EP 98110364 A EP98110364 A EP 98110364A EP 98110364 A EP98110364 A EP 98110364A EP 0883206 A2 EP0883206 A2 EP 0883206A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transceiver according
radiation
determining
antenna
radiation characteristic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98110364A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0883206A3 (fr
Inventor
Karl Haberger
Wolfgang Aicher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP0883206A2 publication Critical patent/EP0883206A2/fr
Publication of EP0883206A3 publication Critical patent/EP0883206A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transmitting and receiving device for high-frequency radiation with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and the use of the transmitting and receiving device for high-frequency transmission.
  • High-frequency connections for example according to the DECT or GSM standard, form an important link in the transmission of information. Both mobile and stationary transmission / reception systems are used here.
  • a typical field of application of the present invention is in the field of mobile telecommunications.
  • a commercially available mobile handset that works according to the GSM standard emits a total high-frequency power of approximately 2 W in order to establish a connection to a fixed base station.
  • the required transmission power, the reception field strength and ultimately also the transferable data rate (bandwidth) are given by the geometry (distance between transmitter and receiver) and by elementary thermodynamic laws (signal-to-noise ratio).
  • High-frequency transmitters such as those used in a mobile phone, radiate their energy essentially in a 4 ⁇ r 2 geometry. However, only the solid angle component that is directed in the direction of the receiver is used for the high-frequency connection.
  • mobile transmitting and receiving devices often have to be operated with an independent energy source, such as batteries, which has only a limited energy supply. The resulting relatively short operating time is a major problem with these devices.
  • a transmitter and receiver with the features of The preamble of claim 1 is from the German Publication DE-A-44 35 344 known.
  • This Laid-open specification describes a group antenna with a plurality of individual elements that are identical to one another a runtime compensation between the individual elements.
  • the phase shift in this antenna determined between the individual elements and when sending maintained so that there is automatically a directivity in the Direction results from the previous reception.
  • a disadvantage of this transmitting and receiving device is that that the radiation characteristic of the group antenna cannot be aligned in real time. More specifically, need several to determine the phase shift Waiting for wave fronts. Therefore, there can be a problem result when the transmitting and receiving device moves spatially because the radiation characteristics are not instantaneous aligns accordingly. Thus the transmission result due to the insufficient alignment of the Radiation characteristics may not be satisfactory.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object a transmitter and receiver for high-frequency radiation to indicate that an increased with the same energy supply Has operating life and yet satisfactory Transmission results achieved. Furthermore, one should Improvement of the high-frequency connection can be made possible.
  • a transmitting and receiving device for high-frequency radiation provided with a Antenna device that is suitable, a directional, radiation characteristics that can be changed without inertia and a facility that is capable of Radiation characteristics in real time towards a align the second transceiver without inertia, the device being means for determining the current includes spatial position that are suitable at a Changing the spatial location of the device's orientation the radiation characteristics based on the to make the calculated current position so that the The radiation characteristics are aligned in real time.
  • This device is advantageously bundled the transmitting lobe (directional radiation characteristic) the required transmission power in the direction of the second device with unchanged field strength at the receiver compared to conventional devices significantly reduced (by at least one Magnitude). This leads especially in battery or accumulator-operated Devices to significant energy savings and thus increasing the operating time of the device.
  • the here for the automatic tracking of the transmission lobe in Real time additional energy required is compared to the total achievable energy savings are negligibly small.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the reduction of high-frequency energy unnecessarily dissipated in the bypass ( Electro smog ").
  • the directional radiation characteristic continues to bring Increase of the effectively usable transmission channels with it, since this can avoid overlaps.
  • the transceiver comprises Means the half-width of the radiation pattern in a main beam direction (direction with maximum power density) in real time so that optimal transmission of data with high-frequency radiation is guaranteed.
  • the full width at half maximum is included the angle between the directions with a half as large Power density as in the main beam direction (3 dB width).
  • optimal transmission of data can mean that the transmission process through the spatial bundling with drastically reduced transmission energy can occur; on the other hand can be maintained or only slightly reduced Transmit energy higher transmission rates can be realized because by bundling significantly higher field strengths at the receiving location occur.
  • the means for Determination of the current spatial position on different Wise can be realized.
  • the transceiver can one or contain several acceleration sensors.
  • the output signal of these sensors is fed into a device that the current spatial position of the device or a fictitious device axis, for example in the normal direction to the level of the antenna array, with respect to calculated a reference axis.
  • the reference axis can be any, for example the geometric Connection line between the two devices.
  • the alignment of the radiation characteristics is carried out automatically on the basis of this calculated current position. Movements of the device can be detected with high precision using micromechanically manufactured and optionally integrated acceleration sensors. The extremely high computing power of microelectronic circuits enables the device's own movement to be converted into a current position description of the device in real time using the integrated sensors. Hand-held phones in particular are usually moved during operation. With these movements, angular velocities of up to 5 s -1 can occur, so that the automatic tracking of the directional radiation characteristics in hand-held telephones must take place at speeds of this magnitude.
  • one or more acceleration sensors determine the Own movement of the device. This movement becomes instantaneous Alignment of the device axis with respect to a reference axis converted.
  • a computing processor in the device then has that Task, taking into account the radiation characteristics track the current alignment of the device axis.
  • the motion detection with the aid of acceleration sensors can support the orientation of the radiation characteristic in the direction of the second device, for example a base station, obtained by determining the direction of reception.
  • the direction of the second device can be determined and the radiation characteristics of the antenna can be aligned accordingly. From this point in time, the automatic tracking can be carried out solely on the basis of the detection of the device's own movement using the acceleration sensors. If necessary, the direction of the second device can be determined again at regular intervals or if the transmission quality deteriorates (new start time).
  • the determination of the device's own movement with acceleration sensors and their utilization for the alignment of the Radiation characteristics also have the advantage that these Sensors can detect very fast movements precisely, so The misalignment due to rapid movement be avoided.
  • the transceiver according to the invention but also contain a position sensor that the Radiation characteristics in the most likely direction aligns a remote station.
  • a position sensor directs the terrestrial Radiation characteristics, for example horizontally, at a satellite as a remote station, for example vertically.
  • the direction of incidence of the high-frequency radiation received by the second device is determined via the signals of a phase array antenna.
  • the definition of the radiation characteristic of an antenna for both transmitting and receiving operation can be carried out by means of several phase-shifted dipoles or radiation elements with a similar effect. This principle is known as the phase array antenna.
  • Phase arrays are mainly used in the military sector as rapidly swiveling radar lobes for scanning a certain solid angle component.
  • the achievable bundling properties of phase array antennas are essentially a function of the quotient antenna dimension / wavelength.
  • the device has a unit for determining the phase relationship of the signals detected by the individual dipoles of the array.
  • An integrated processor calculates the direction of incidence of the high-frequency radiation received from the opposite station from the phase relationship. This direction is related to a reference axis of the device, and the radiation characteristics are aligned to the optimal field strength in the direction of the opposite station.
  • the basic structure of the device according to the invention is in Figure 1 shown.
  • the antenna device consists of a phase array antenna 1, the amplifier 2, transmission / reception switches 3 and units for phase shifting / weighting 4 of the individual elements 12 of the antenna with one Transmit / receive split element 5 are connected. From the split element 5 becomes a connection to the others signal-processing components of the hand-held telephone (usual Cell phone components).
  • a signal to element 6 for determining the angle of the incident High frequency radiation derived, and from this to one Element 7 for determining the optimal direction of radiation, from which finally the units 4 via the split element 5 Phase shift of the individual elements can be controlled.
  • the device can contain acceleration sensors 8, a fast angle correction from their data in an element 9 the direction of radiation can take place.
  • a facility 10 to determine the absolute position of the device can be provided by means of the GPS method.
  • the bundling of high-frequency radiation always uses one correlated wavefront ahead. This can be done through reflection (e.g. using parabolic mirrors), diffraction (e.g. using lenses or electrically controllable dielectric phase shift plates) as well as by direct phase-related control of neighboring single radiators.
  • the latter represents the fastest and easiest way of realizing an antenna device with directed radiation characteristics.
  • the associated high-frequency and radiation technology Properties especially the resulting pooling factors, the solid angle as well as a further increase in Directional pattern through a reflector behind the antenna array, are known to the expert and are not here described in more detail.
  • the radio frequency wavelength used corresponds approximately to the antenna dimension. This condition is in the current GSM standard (frequency range of 900 MHz or 1.8 GHz corresponding to a wavelength range of 33 cm or 17 cm) not to be met because of the dimensions a phase array antenna for a handheld phone may be large. However, it is foreseeable that in the near future already for reasons of the required bandwidth or Channel number of increasingly shorter wavelengths for operation be released by hand phones.
  • FIG. 2a A hand-held telephone according to the invention is shown in FIG. 2a.
  • the hand-held telephone 11, which operates in the frequency range of 12 GHz, for example, contains a phase array antenna 1 integrated in the housing.
  • the phase array antenna consists, for example, of 3x3 dipoles 12.
  • this dipole array is additionally made of a material with a comparatively high dielectric constant and low loss angle embedded.
  • polymers such as polycarbonate ( ⁇ ⁇ 2.2 at 10 GHz) are suitable as materials, which can also be processed relatively easily as casting compounds.
  • With a dielectric constant of 2 such an array has overall dimensions of about 4x4 cm 2 in the frequency range mentioned. This corresponds to the usable area of a handheld system or a chip card.
  • Figure 2b shows schematically the integrated in the housing Phase array antenna 1 with the dipole arrangement.
  • suitable Driving the dipoles 12 can so the beam characteristic can be controlled that the main beam direction 14 in any Angle deviates from the surface normal 15 of the array plane.
  • the phase array antenna is shielded on the back 13 provided. This shielding can, for example by integrating the antenna array into a material with one side electrically shielding properties like this e.g. is known from DE 4433330 can be realized.
  • the base station receiver determines the fixed base station the direction of incoming high frequency radiation. This information can be obtained from the phase relationship of the individual dipoles 12 of the antenna array detected signals be won.
  • the computing processor integrated in the mobile device determines this direction, relates it to a geometric reference axis of the mobile device and optimized the transmission and reception characteristics of the antenna to optimal Field strength towards the base station. After alignment the transmission characteristic is based on the beam characteristic the field strength required to achieve the field of reception necessary measure reduced. This is done analogously to the feedback method already common in the GSM standard.
  • the method described is suitable for both mobile devices as well as for base stations.
  • a development that is currently being driven forward refers to the replacement of wired Transfer of data (e.g. telephone, etc.) to comparatively short distances due to high-frequency connections (DECT standard). These are permanently installed High frequency transmission lines.
  • the transmitting and receiving device according to the invention is also conceivable to be carried out in card form.
  • Devices in card form in dimensions similar to the currently used chip cards, can be used especially for short range transmission in the 1..100m area will become increasingly important in the future.
  • the area of such a chip card is very good for recording a phase array antenna.
  • the reduction and Geometric alignment of the transmission energy helps the middle one Reduce exposure to electromagnetic radiation and additionally a higher number of straightening sections with the same Frequency to operate.
  • These essentially stationary operated transmitting and receiving devices in card form are in particular the self-aligning orientation of the Radiation characteristics and the self-regulating reduction the transmission energy is an advantage.
  • the hand-held telephone has one or more 3-axis acceleration sensors 8 which continuously record the device's own movement (cf. FIG. 1). This movement is converted into a current alignment of the device axis with respect to a reference axis.
  • the spatial axis 15 perpendicular to the antenna array plane can be used as the device axis, which is identical to the axis of the radiation maximum (main beam direction) when all dipoles are in phase.
  • the computing processor in the device then tracks the radiation characteristics taking into account the current alignment of the device axis. This movement detection can support the alignment of the radiation characteristic in the direction of the second device obtained by determining the direction of reception.
  • the determination of the transmitter position from the received signal or its phase position is a comparatively complex, iterative and time-consuming method.
  • the mechanical position / acceleration determination can also be used to identify problems that result from a 180 ° rotation of the device in relation to the effective antenna axis (forward / backward characteristic of the antenna array) and, if necessary, to correct or display them.
  • Acceleration sensors for use in a device according to the invention can be produced very inexpensively using the microsystem technology methods. In the foreseeable future, they will also be available as small, fully integrated components with low power consumption.
  • the method is not considered to be a fixed base station second device limited, but can also be between two mobile Devices are used.
  • Another beneficial one Application can be in the alignment of the antenna beam on earth satellites consist.
  • the use of devices according to the invention can in particular in the so-called direct telecommunications via satellites serving as opposite stations in the near earth Orbit bring significant benefits.
  • provision can be made to support the alignment of the radiation characteristics and / or the selection of an optimal connection path by determining the absolute position of the mobile device.
  • This position can be determined, for example, using the GPS system (see FIG. 1).
  • the mobile device determines its position and uses a saved list to select the fixed remote stations in question.
  • the list of remote stations can either be permanently stored in the device or, when the device is switched on, advantageously updated for the remote stations in question by transmitting information from the remote stations to the handset.
  • This method of position determination can also be used to determine the alignment of the radiation characteristic only in cases in which the spatial direction of the device axis of the transmitting / receiving device cannot be changed (for example in the case of a permanently installed device).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP98110364A 1997-06-07 1998-06-05 Appareil d'émission/réception pour haute fréquence et utilisation de cet appareil Withdrawn EP0883206A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19724087 1997-06-07
DE1997124087 DE19724087A1 (de) 1997-06-07 1997-06-07 Sende- und Empfangsgerät für Hochfrequenzstrahlung und Verfahren zur Hochfrequenz-Übertragung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0883206A2 true EP0883206A2 (fr) 1998-12-09
EP0883206A3 EP0883206A3 (fr) 1999-08-11

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EP98110364A Withdrawn EP0883206A3 (fr) 1997-06-07 1998-06-05 Appareil d'émission/réception pour haute fréquence et utilisation de cet appareil

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EP (1) EP0883206A3 (fr)
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000045461A1 (fr) * 1999-02-01 2000-08-03 A. W. Technologies, Llc Telephone portatif a antenne d'emission directive
CN101834643A (zh) * 2009-03-13 2010-09-15 鲁库斯无线公司 利用位置传感器对辐射图的调整
US7893882B2 (en) 2007-01-08 2011-02-22 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Pattern shaping of RF emission patterns
US8068068B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2011-11-29 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Coverage antenna apparatus with selectable horizontal and vertical polarization elements
WO2013120536A1 (fr) * 2012-02-17 2013-08-22 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab Dispositif d'accord d'antenne et procédé
US9019165B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2015-04-28 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antenna with selectable elements for use in wireless communications
US9634403B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2017-04-25 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Radio frequency emission pattern shaping
US10186750B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2019-01-22 Arris Enterprises Llc Radio frequency antenna array with spacing element
EP1696503B1 (fr) * 2005-02-28 2019-11-20 BlackBerry Limited Dispositif de communication sans fil mobile avec une interface antenne en diversité /homme et procédé de fontionnement correspondant un tel dispositif

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7193562B2 (en) 2004-11-22 2007-03-20 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Circuit board having a peripheral antenna apparatus with selectable antenna elements
US8756668B2 (en) 2012-02-09 2014-06-17 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Dynamic PSK for hotspots
US9092610B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2015-07-28 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Key assignment for a brand

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JPS6345927A (ja) * 1986-08-12 1988-02-26 Nec Corp 可搬型無線電話機
JPH04307803A (ja) * 1991-04-05 1992-10-30 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd アンテナ自動追尾装置
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DE4221121C1 (de) * 1992-06-26 1993-10-21 Siemens Ag Handfunkgerät
EP0648023A1 (fr) * 1993-10-12 1995-04-12 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Emétteur-récepteur portable avec réception en diversité
JPH07170227A (ja) * 1993-12-16 1995-07-04 Hitachi Ltd 無線データ通信システム
EP0752735A1 (fr) * 1995-07-06 1997-01-08 DeTeMobil Deutsche Telekom MobilNet GmbH Dispositif d'anntenne pour des terminaux de communication mobiles
WO1997002666A1 (fr) * 1995-06-30 1997-01-23 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Procede de reception et recepteur pour stations de base
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US3806930A (en) * 1969-12-23 1974-04-23 Siemens Ag Method and apparatus for electronically controlling the pattern of a phased array antenna
JPS6345927A (ja) * 1986-08-12 1988-02-26 Nec Corp 可搬型無線電話機
JPH04307803A (ja) * 1991-04-05 1992-10-30 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd アンテナ自動追尾装置
DE4218371A1 (de) * 1991-06-07 1992-12-10 Gen Electric Steuereinrichtung fuer ein raumfahrzeug-antennendiagramm
DE4221121C1 (de) * 1992-06-26 1993-10-21 Siemens Ag Handfunkgerät
EP0648023A1 (fr) * 1993-10-12 1995-04-12 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Emétteur-récepteur portable avec réception en diversité
JPH07170227A (ja) * 1993-12-16 1995-07-04 Hitachi Ltd 無線データ通信システム
WO1997002666A1 (fr) * 1995-06-30 1997-01-23 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Procede de reception et recepteur pour stations de base
EP0752735A1 (fr) * 1995-07-06 1997-01-08 DeTeMobil Deutsche Telekom MobilNet GmbH Dispositif d'anntenne pour des terminaux de communication mobiles
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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000045461A1 (fr) * 1999-02-01 2000-08-03 A. W. Technologies, Llc Telephone portatif a antenne d'emission directive
US9019165B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2015-04-28 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antenna with selectable elements for use in wireless communications
US9837711B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2017-12-05 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antenna with selectable elements for use in wireless communications
US10056693B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2018-08-21 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Pattern shaping of RF emission patterns
EP1696503B1 (fr) * 2005-02-28 2019-11-20 BlackBerry Limited Dispositif de communication sans fil mobile avec une interface antenne en diversité /homme et procédé de fontionnement correspondant un tel dispositif
US8068068B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2011-11-29 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Coverage antenna apparatus with selectable horizontal and vertical polarization elements
US7893882B2 (en) 2007-01-08 2011-02-22 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Pattern shaping of RF emission patterns
US8217843B2 (en) 2009-03-13 2012-07-10 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Adjustment of radiation patterns utilizing a position sensor
CN105743557A (zh) * 2009-03-13 2016-07-06 鲁库斯无线公司 利用位置传感器对辐射图的调整
EP2228868A1 (fr) 2009-03-13 2010-09-15 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Ajustement des modèles de rayonnement en utilisant un capteur de position
CN101834643A (zh) * 2009-03-13 2010-09-15 鲁库斯无线公司 利用位置传感器对辐射图的调整
US9634403B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2017-04-25 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Radio frequency emission pattern shaping
US10186750B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2019-01-22 Arris Enterprises Llc Radio frequency antenna array with spacing element
US10734737B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2020-08-04 Arris Enterprises Llc Radio frequency emission pattern shaping
WO2013120536A1 (fr) * 2012-02-17 2013-08-22 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab Dispositif d'accord d'antenne et procédé
US9088309B2 (en) 2012-02-17 2015-07-21 Sony Corporation Antenna tunning arrangement and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19724087A1 (de) 1998-12-10
EP0883206A3 (fr) 1999-08-11

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