EP0200819A2 - Antenne réseau - Google Patents

Antenne réseau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0200819A2
EP0200819A2 EP85115214A EP85115214A EP0200819A2 EP 0200819 A2 EP0200819 A2 EP 0200819A2 EP 85115214 A EP85115214 A EP 85115214A EP 85115214 A EP85115214 A EP 85115214A EP 0200819 A2 EP0200819 A2 EP 0200819A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
array antenna
antenna
antenna according
substrate plate
antenna elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85115214A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0200819A3 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Dipl. Ing. Biere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19853514880 external-priority patent/DE3514880A1/de
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0200819A2 publication Critical patent/EP0200819A2/fr
Publication of EP0200819A3 publication Critical patent/EP0200819A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an array antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Planar array antennas using stripline technology for frequencies in the S, C and I bands are known (IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP 29, (1), Jan. 1981, pages 166 to 170).
  • frequencies in the X-band in particular above 10 GHz, it has so far not been possible to route the antenna energy from the antenna element to the corresponding microwave component with as little loss and as little reflection as possible. Due to the high line losses at these frequencies, the microwave components must be attached as directly as possible to the antenna element.
  • the antenna according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that it is simple in construction, that the essential electronic components are arranged directly in the area of the antenna elements and that commercially available components can be used. Another advantage is that a metal plate is arranged between the substrate plate for the antenna elements and the other substrate plate, which takes over the coaxial line feedthrough. The necessary mechanical stability of the arrangement is thereby achieved. In addition, these coaxial connections can be realized in the simplest way and with the shortest length.
  • the desired decoupling impedance of the antenna element is set by eccentric (eccentric) contacting of the inner conductor of the coaxial feedthrough to a defined location of the antenna element.
  • the diameter of the coaxial feedthrough must be sufficiently small. This eliminates the need for complicated adaptation measures while at the same time adapting the antenna elements to the lines in a good and reproducible manner.
  • the antenna elements of one row of the array are combined in power by series connection on the first substrate plate.
  • the coaxial implementation also ensures that the conductors can be formed on the rear of the antenna in such a way that problem-free merging is possible using suitable cable routing.
  • the optional reception of the right or left circularly polarized signals is effected by bringing the horizontal and vertical reception components of the antenna elements together in the correct phase and is expediently carried out by means of a broadband 3 dB coupler (branch line coupler) which is located on the underside of the second substrate plate is arranged. This further simplifies the structure of the array antenna.
  • Antennas that can be swiveled mechanically are used for the direct reception of signals from radio satellites.
  • a purely mechanical tracking of the antennas is cumbersome. It is therefore more advantageous to electronically pivot the reception characteristics of the antenna.
  • swiveling in the elevation angle (elevation) electronically by means of a microwave phase shifter, for example is sufficient, while the antenna is mechanically tracked in the direction of the side angle (azimuth).
  • Such an antenna must be suitable for left and right rotating circular polarization.
  • it must be integrated as easily as possible into a vehicle and also be designed to be reliable and insensitive to vibrations.
  • An adaptation algorithm required for tracking the antenna which is not the subject of the invention, can act both on the phase shifters and on a stepper motor in the case of mechanical-electronic pivoting.
  • Fig. 1 the structure of a planar array antenna with a fixed setting of the preferably lobe-shaped radiation diagram for a linear polarization is shown in detail.
  • a first substrate plate 10 On the top of a first substrate plate 10 there are round, metallic, conductive antenna elements 11, which are preferably formed by partially etching away a metal lamination on the top.
  • a glass fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is preferably suitable as the substrate material.
  • the antenna elements 11 are arranged in a preferably square array antenna in vertical columns and horizontal rows, the distance between the individual elements being chosen so that the mutual influence is the least. 1 may also be replaced by square, triangular or other shaped antenna elements, which then differ only in terms of mode excitation.
  • the non-metallized underside of the first substrate plate 10 is connected to a metal plate 13, preferably made of aluminum.
  • the connection is preferably made by an adhesive layer 12.
  • the metal plate has a thickness d, which preferably corresponds to approximately half the operating wavelength x, and has a bore 14 for each antenna element 11.
  • Each bore contains a coaxial conductor 16 surrounded by insulation 15, the ends of which protrude somewhat from the metal plate 13 at the top and bottom. The upper ends fit into bores 17 of the first substrate plate 10 and are electrically conductively connected to the antenna elements 11.
  • a second substrate plate 18 (FIGS. 1 and 2) carries on its underside conductor tracks 20 (cf. FIG. 2) which are arranged in such a way that they form a symmetrical power divider and enable interconnection of the individual antenna elements with minimal power losses.
  • the second substrate plate 18 contains bores 21 for the lower ends of the conductors 16, which are electrically connected to the conductor tracks 20, for example by soldering.
  • the second substrate plate 18 is also connected to the metal plate 13 by an adhesive layer 19.
  • the insulation 15 consists of a low-loss dielectric material at high frequencies, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene, so that the metal plate 13, the insulation 15 and the conductor 16 each result in a coaxial passage. Since the ratio of the diameter of the inner conductor to the outer conductor determines the wave impedance of a coaxial cable, the diameter of the inner conductor is dependent on the outer diameter with constant wave resistance. In addition, the contacting of the inner conductor of the coaxial feedthrough on the antenna element 11 is carried out at a distance r from the center of the antenna element in order to achieve an adaptation to the characteristic impedance of the coaxial feedthrough.
  • the layered structure of the array antenna ensures very good mechanical stability of the entire arrangement. At the same time, it is prevented that undesired mode conversions occur at the boundary layers between the substrate plate and the metal plate 13, which would lead to reflections and thus to a reduction in the antenna gain. Moving the coupling elements to the rear of the antenna prevents interference with the directional characteristics.
  • FIG. 4 shows the structure of an array antenna for the reception of circularly polarized signals.
  • Such an antenna differs from the antenna design according to FIG. 1 in that there is a further metal plate 30 below the second substrate plate 18 and a third substrate plate 31 below it.
  • the first substrate plate 10, the metal plate 13 and the second substrate plate 18 each have a further bore 32, 33, 34 with respect to an antenna element 11, each with a bore 35 in the second metal plate 30 and a bore 36 in the third substrate plate 31 cursed.
  • the further bores mentioned are offset by 90 ° with respect to the first bore 17 in the antenna elements 11.
  • the third substrate plate 31 has no metal lamination on its upper side and conductor tracks 37 shaped on the underside to form a symmetrical power divider.
  • the individual parts shown in FIG. 4 are assembled in a manner analogous to that of the array antenna according to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a stripline antenna according to the invention for circular polarization and with electronic control of the preferably lobe-shaped radiation pattern in one direction.
  • the antenna elements 11 are arranged in a square array, for example for receiving the broadcast satellite signals provided that there is a sufficient reception field strength 16.
  • 16 256 antenna elements are required for an array antenna.
  • the elements on the top of the substrate plate 10 in the direction of the one polarization component, for example the horizontal component are successively connected to high-resistance stripline sections 30 of length n * ⁇ 2 , where n is an integer and preferably 1.
  • the antenna elements 11 of each line are also connected in series by strip line sections 31 of m.%, Where m is an integer, preferably 2. In this way, power can be shared, with each element contributing the same share of the performance.
  • the stripline sections 30, 31 are designed to be as high-resistance as the substrate material used allows.
  • the resulting wave impedance of the connecting lines determines the decoupling point or the radius r (see FIG. 2) in the antenna element.
  • the decoupling point in the antenna element is in turn determined by the required input impedance.
  • the input impedance and the wave impedance of the lines must be therefore be the same to ensure optimal power transmission.
  • the horizontal and vertical components are combined via connections 32 and 33 by means of 3 dB coupler 34. These couplers are designed for broadband signal addition and a fixed phase shift of 90 ° and provide 40 left-handed circular signals at their outputs and 41 right-handed circular signals at their outputs.
  • the signals of the first or second type are optionally fed to a phase shifter 35 by means of a switch 42.
  • the changeover switches are rigidly coupled to one another; see. dashed line 43 in FIG. 5.
  • a preferably electronic control circuit 36 controls all phase shifters 35 together (cf. line 37 in FIG. 5).
  • the advantage of such a series connection of the elements lies in the saving of power adders, which would contribute to a not inconsiderable degree to attenuation of the received signals.
  • the adjustable phase shifters 35 are connected to one another on the output side.
  • the common output of all phase shifters is designated 38.
  • the necessary phase difference from line to line is generated by microwave phase shifters, which are only activated when the portable receiver has to change its orientation in elevation.
  • the antenna should be inclined so far that the surface normal approximates the direction of the incident radiation. Due to the small half-width of the reception characteristic, a stepping motor with sufficient resolution, for example, must be provided for the mechanical pivoting of the antenna about the vertical axis. This requirement is easy to meet in the current state of the art because of the low rate of change in the side angle that occurs in practice. Since the moment of inertia of the antenna is low, stepper motors with a relatively low power consumption can be used.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP85115214A 1985-04-25 1985-11-30 Antenne réseau Withdrawn EP0200819A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3514880 1985-04-25
DE19853514880 DE3514880A1 (de) 1984-05-22 1985-04-25 Array-antenne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0200819A2 true EP0200819A2 (fr) 1986-11-12
EP0200819A3 EP0200819A3 (fr) 1987-12-09

Family

ID=6269046

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85115214A Withdrawn EP0200819A3 (fr) 1985-04-25 1985-11-30 Antenne réseau

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0200819A3 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0330699A1 (fr) * 1987-09-09 1989-09-06 Phasar Corporation Circuit modulaire a micro-ondes, tel qu'une antenne, et son procede de fabrication
FR2652204A1 (fr) * 1989-09-19 1991-03-22 Portenseigne Radiotechnique Antenne plane haute frequence pour polarisation circulaire.
EP0445694A1 (fr) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-11 Alcatel Espace Système d'antenne imprimée active à haut rendement pour radar spatial agile
WO1995015591A1 (fr) * 1993-12-01 1995-06-08 Pates Technology Patentverwertungsgesellschaft Für Satelliten- Und Moderne Informationstechnologien Mbh Antenne multi-element plane
WO1997035355A1 (fr) * 1996-03-16 1997-09-25 Pates Technology Patentverwertungsgesellschaft Für Satelliten- Und Moderne Informationstechnologien Mbh Emetteur planaire
FR2960101A1 (fr) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-18 Thales Sa Calibration d'une antenne electronique a balayage comportant un reseau d'elements rayonnants

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3854140A (en) * 1973-07-25 1974-12-10 Itt Circularly polarized phased antenna array
EP0012055A1 (fr) * 1978-11-24 1980-06-11 Thomson-Csf Source primaire monopulse imprimée et antenne comportant une telle source
GB2170356A (en) * 1985-01-28 1986-07-30 Singer Co Microstrip space-duplexed antenna
EP0089084B1 (fr) * 1982-03-12 1988-03-02 Laboratoires D'electronique Et De Physique Appliquee L.E.P. Structure d'antenne plane hyperfréquences

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3854140A (en) * 1973-07-25 1974-12-10 Itt Circularly polarized phased antenna array
EP0012055A1 (fr) * 1978-11-24 1980-06-11 Thomson-Csf Source primaire monopulse imprimée et antenne comportant une telle source
EP0089084B1 (fr) * 1982-03-12 1988-03-02 Laboratoires D'electronique Et De Physique Appliquee L.E.P. Structure d'antenne plane hyperfréquences
GB2170356A (en) * 1985-01-28 1986-07-30 Singer Co Microstrip space-duplexed antenna

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE RADAR-82, London, 18.-20. Oktober 1982, Seiten 394-398; C.H. HAMILTON: "An X-band microstrip phased-array antenna with electronic polarization control" *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0330699A1 (fr) * 1987-09-09 1989-09-06 Phasar Corporation Circuit modulaire a micro-ondes, tel qu'une antenne, et son procede de fabrication
EP0330699A4 (fr) * 1987-09-09 1990-04-10 Phasar Corp Circuit modulaire a micro-ondes, tel qu'une antenne, et son procede de fabrication.
FR2652204A1 (fr) * 1989-09-19 1991-03-22 Portenseigne Radiotechnique Antenne plane haute frequence pour polarisation circulaire.
EP0445694A1 (fr) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-11 Alcatel Espace Système d'antenne imprimée active à haut rendement pour radar spatial agile
FR2659501A1 (fr) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-13 Alcatel Espace Systeme d'antenne imprimee active a haut rendement pour radar spatial agile.
US5206655A (en) * 1990-03-09 1993-04-27 Alcatel Espace High-yield active printed-circuit antenna system for frequency-hopping space radar
WO1995015591A1 (fr) * 1993-12-01 1995-06-08 Pates Technology Patentverwertungsgesellschaft Für Satelliten- Und Moderne Informationstechnologien Mbh Antenne multi-element plane
TR28051A (tr) * 1993-12-01 1995-12-11 Pates Tech Patentverwertung Düzlemsel anten.
AU690942B2 (en) * 1993-12-01 1998-05-07 Pates Technology Patentverwertungsgesellschaft Fur Satelliten- Und Moderne Informationstechnologien Mbh Planar antenna
US5777584A (en) * 1993-12-01 1998-07-07 Pates Technology Gmbh Planar antenna
CN1051408C (zh) * 1993-12-01 2000-04-12 卫星和现代信息技术帕特斯技术专利应用有限公司 平面天线
WO1997035355A1 (fr) * 1996-03-16 1997-09-25 Pates Technology Patentverwertungsgesellschaft Für Satelliten- Und Moderne Informationstechnologien Mbh Emetteur planaire
US6204814B1 (en) 1996-03-16 2001-03-20 Lutz Rothe Planar emitter
FR2960101A1 (fr) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-18 Thales Sa Calibration d'une antenne electronique a balayage comportant un reseau d'elements rayonnants

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Publication number Publication date
EP0200819A3 (fr) 1987-12-09

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