EP0880909B1 - Entoilage thermocollant à filaments de gros titrage. - Google Patents

Entoilage thermocollant à filaments de gros titrage. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0880909B1
EP0880909B1 EP98401210A EP98401210A EP0880909B1 EP 0880909 B1 EP0880909 B1 EP 0880909B1 EP 98401210 A EP98401210 A EP 98401210A EP 98401210 A EP98401210 A EP 98401210A EP 0880909 B1 EP0880909 B1 EP 0880909B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
threads
interlining
textile according
interlining textile
weft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98401210A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0880909A1 (fr
Inventor
Pierrot Groshens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lainiere de Picardie BC SAS
Original Assignee
Lainiere de Picardie BC SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Lainiere de Picardie BC SAS filed Critical Lainiere de Picardie BC SAS
Publication of EP0880909A1 publication Critical patent/EP0880909A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0880909B1 publication Critical patent/EP0880909B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/02—Linings
    • A41D27/06—Stiffening-pieces
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/20—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting articles of particular configuration
    • D04B21/207—Wearing apparel or garment blanks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/18—Cloth collars
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
    • D04B21/165—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads with yarns stitched through one or more layers or tows, e.g. stitch-bonded fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
    • D10B2403/02411—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties with a single array of unbent yarn, e.g. unidirectional reinforcement fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
    • D10B2403/02412—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties including several arrays of unbent yarn, e.g. multiaxial fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0243—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing functional properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fusible textile intended for interlining and its use.
  • the stabilizer products are today commonly used in the textile industry, mainly as reinforcement fabrics. Their application by laminating on linings or draperies allows to modify the characteristics of fabrics, including their touch, flexibility and nervousness.
  • document EP-A-0 387 117 describes a interlining textile comprising a non-textile layer woven, weft threads, knitted thread ensuring connection between the weft and the non-woven textile layer, and a layer of iron-on adhesive.
  • Document EP-A-0 501 842 describes a textile interlining comprising a first non-textile layer woven composed of micro-fibers and at least a second non-woven textile layer, the first and second layers being linked together.
  • US-A-4,737,396 describes a textile interlining with a non-woven textile layer heavily compacted, weft threads positioned side of the non-woven textile layer, a warp knit ensuring the connection and cohesion between the textile layer nonwoven and weft threads, and a positioned adhesive on the side of the nonwoven textile layer opposite to that against which the weft threads are placed.
  • Knitted interlining textiles are made at from textured or non-textured yarns also called yarns dishes.
  • the fabric gives the fabric a some stretch in the weft direction, in the direction chain or in both directions chain and weft, in depending on the use of textured yarn in these different directions.
  • textured yarns also allows give the interlining textile, and therefore the fabric or drapery on which it is applied, flexibility satisfactory.
  • the multifilament textured yarns used conventionally are formed of strands or filaments 4 to 5 Dtex titration units, corresponding to standard wires. They can also be formed of microfilaments of lower titration.
  • the elasticity or stretch of the threads textures used results in the fact that the drapery does not not keep a flat hold on the textile interlining.
  • the crimping of textured threads tends to lengthen over time, due in particular to heat treatments and vaporizations undergone by the textile.
  • This phenomenon is all the more marked as the interlining fabric is applied to loose clothing, such as than a double breasted jacket.
  • the main object of the invention is to remedy the disadvantages of the above prior art, by proposing a interlining textile limiting the phenomena of twisting of clothing or drapery to which it is applied.
  • a first object of the invention relates to a textile stabilized stabilizer.
  • Another subject of the invention relates to a use of an interlining textile with improved stability, for reinforcing clothes or pieces of clothing.
  • Another object of the invention relates to a collar, especially for shirt, comprising the interlining textile to improved stability.
  • a first object of the invention relates to a textile stabilized stabilizer.
  • the interlining textile of the invention intended to be laminated to a fabric or a drapery includes weft threads and / or warp yarn formed from textured yarn multifilaments, said yarns having a strand titration more than around 12 Dtex.
  • the crimp of the textured threads of large titration used has more elastic force important and the extensibility of the interlining textile obtained is limited.
  • Large titration textured multifilament yarns usable include synthetic yarns.
  • Usable synthetic yarns include polyamide yarn, in particular polyamide 6 or 6.6, the polyester yarn.
  • Textured multifilament yarns include usually 6 to 40 unitary filaments, this number may vary depending on the final destination of the textile.
  • the interlining textile of the invention comprises a screen knit in which the weft is made from textured yarn multifilaments with single strand of large titration.
  • the wires textured single strand of large titration forming the threads reinforcement in the weft direction are weft threads short.
  • the short weft threads are actually unwound in the direction of a chain wire, so that each short weft thread passes over a plurality of stitches in each row of stitches.
  • This reeling can take place directly above a out of every two, out of three, or out of four columns, there may be one above each column of sts.
  • the wires textured single strand of large titration forming the threads reinforcement in the weft direction are weft threads long.
  • weft threads there may be one long weft thread per row of meshes. It goes without saying that the number of weft threads long may vary, particularly depending on the material first used or the desired result. other constructions, for example a long weft thread all two or three rows of stitches are possible.
  • the interlining fabric of the invention can have both long weft threads and short weft yarn.
  • the knitting is of the mesh type jetties.
  • Yarns usable for knitting include natural multifilament yarns or synthetic, flat thread or textured thread type.
  • Total yarn counting used for knitting mesh is between approximately 22 and approximately 150 Dtex, with unit strand titrations between approximately 0.5 Dtex and around 6 Dtex.
  • Yarns usable for knitting include polyamide yarn, in particular polyamide 6 or 6.6, polyester threads, cellulosic threads.
  • the interlining textile of the invention comprises a knitted mesh knit as described above and, in addition, multifilament capstan yarns with a strand count greater than approximately 12 Dtex.
  • the capstan wires are preferably arranged in the chain meaning.
  • the capstan wires are arranged between columns of mesh and distributed in a substantially regular manner, without participating in the formation of the mesh.
  • a capstan wire is preferably placed between each column of mesh but it goes without saying that the number of capstan threads between the mesh columns may vary.
  • Large titling capstan wires may consist of in simple capstan wires, held in place by the knitting, passing on the same side of all the piers sts.
  • Capstan wires can also consist of capstan wires with floats, held in place by the knitting, passing on the same side of several piers of sts.
  • the capstan wires with floats are wind in the direction of the chain and between the columns of meshes, presenting a float corresponding to at least two rows or throws of mesh.
  • Usable capstan threads include threads multi-filament synthetic textures of a strand titration more than around 12 Dtex, and with a total titration between 80 and 300 Dtex.
  • the capstan wires preferably comprise from 6 to 24 filaments.
  • Threads that can be used for capstan threads are for example polyester yarns.
  • Capstan wires are arranged one or the other side of knitted fabric.
  • the interlining textile of the invention further comprises a non-woven textile layer.
  • This layer The main role of this layer is to give a significant volume in relation to its weight.
  • the fibers of the textile layer not woven are preferably made from fibers of bicomponent polyamide, one of them being likely to be fused and to ensure binding by calendering.
  • the non-woven textile layer can also be made from synthetic fibers, for example polyester or polyamide, in particular polyamide 6 or 6.6, or even with natural or artificial fibers, for example example of viscose.
  • the non-woven textile layer may be needled or pre-needled, for example with a density of penetration needles of 20 to cm 2 .
  • the non-woven textile layer may be weakly or strongly compacted.
  • the positioning of the weft threads of the knitted fabric mesh and / or capstan yarns relative to the layer nonwoven fabric may vary.
  • short and / or long weft threads can be positioned on the side of the textile layer not woven opposite to the side of the non-woven textile layer on which is arranged the knit mesh.
  • they can be positioned the same side of the nonwoven fabric layer that the side having knitting, or between the non-woven textile layer and knitting mesh.
  • the capstan wires are preferably arranged on the side of the non-woven textile layer opposite the side of the layer non-woven fabric with knitted fabric.
  • the interlining textile of the invention comprises a woven textile layer comprising either in the weft direction, or in the warp direction, or in both directions, multifilament textured yarns of a strand titration greater than approximately 12 Dtex such as described in the above.
  • the woven layer is made of natural fibers, synthetic and / or artificial. Apart from the wires textured multifilaments of a single strand titration greater than about 12Dtex, the woven textile layer can include for example cotton or cotton warp threads viscose. It can include fibers or filaments continuous, flat or textured, with a density of threads usual, for example between 14 and 40 threads per cm.
  • anti-static wires are incorporated into the interlining textile of the invention.
  • They can be metallic conductive wires, metallic composite yarns, polymeric yarns cationic, in particular carbon threads.
  • the anti-static wires are arranged alternately with the reinforcing threads in the chain direction and / or in the weft direction, in particular the weft threads, the threads capstan.
  • the interlining textile of the invention is subject to conventional finishing operations to provide the stabilization, elasticity and desired colors.
  • the interlining textile of the invention comprises plus a layer of iron-on adhesive.
  • This layer of iron-on adhesive can be deposited on one side of the textile of the invention, by example by a coating method, in the form of lines or points, for example a coating method by screen printing type.
  • the layer of iron-on adhesive can be applied by any other coating method used conventionally.
  • the fusible material constituting the layer adhesive is for example any of those used to laminate reinforcement on textiles to receive them.
  • It can be based on polymer or copolymer of polyamide, polyester, polyethylene, polyurethane, polyolefin.
  • the density is preferably of the order of 30 to 150 points per cm 2 .
  • the invention also relates to the use of interlining textile according to the invention for the reinforcement of clothing.
  • the interlining fabric of the invention can be used for all types of clothes or pieces of clothing to be reinforced, such as jackets, belts, shirt fronts, collars or sleeves or parts equivalent.
  • a favorite application of interlining textiles according to the invention is the reinforcement of collars.
  • a collar for shirt or equivalent garment comprising one or more several pieces of fabric and, associated, a textile interlining according to the invention.
  • the interlining fabric of the invention is either function in itself of interlining, either function of reinforcement a interlining itself associated with the piece (s) of the collar.
  • the collar has two pieces of fabric, respectively from above and from below, assembled with each other and between which is inserted and assembled the interlining textile of the invention.
  • a woven mesh type interlining fabric is prepared as follows, on a type knitting loom “RACHEL” also called “chain loom” with insertion of frame.
  • Knitting yarns forming a mesh consisting of flat polyester yarns, with a count of 33 Dtex to 24 filaments, are used to obtain a knitting type discarded stitches.
  • the loom is also supplied with threads long weft consisting of textured multifilament yarns polyester, with a total titration of 84 Dtex and formed from six filaments, with a weft density of 14 rows of threads per centimeter.
  • a woven mesh type interlining fabric is prepared in the same way as in Example 1 above.
  • a woven mesh type interlining fabric reinforced with a capstan wire is prepared as follows.
  • the textile is prepared in the same way as in Example 1 above, using a warp knit forming a mesh obtained from flat polyester yarns with a total titration of 22 Dtex and formed of 18 filaments.
  • Long weft threads consist of threads textured polyester with a total titration of 167 Dtex and formed of 12 filaments with a unit titration of 14 Dtex, with a weft density of 12 rows of threads per centimeter.
  • a simple capstan wire consisting of a textured polyester with a total titration of 84 Dtex and formed of 6 filaments is incorporated in the chain direction between each column of meshes.
  • Reinforced nonwoven interlining textile by a knitted mesh knit is prepared as follows.
  • the warp threads used are polyamide 6.6 flat, formed from 16 filaments and a titration total of 44 Dtex.
  • Long weft threads are threads textured polyamide with 6 filaments with a total titration of 84 Dtex, with a weft density of 10 rows of threads per centimeter.
  • Reinforced non-woven interlining textile by a knitted mesh knit is prepared as follows.
  • a nonwoven fabric composed of melt-blown polyester filaments, linked by needling, weighing 30 g per m 2 is used with warp threads consisting of threads polyamide dishes with a total titration of 22 Dtex, with a unit strand titration of 0.5 Dtex.
  • warp threads consisting of threads polyamide dishes with a total titration of 22 Dtex, with a unit strand titration of 0.5 Dtex.
  • a simple capstan thread of textured polyester, with a total titration of 84 Dtex and formed of 6 filaments is incorporated between the mesh columns, in the warp direction.
  • the weft is composed of textured polyester threads with a total titration of 167 Dtex and formed of 12 filaments, of a single strand titration of 14 Dtex, with a density of weft of 12 rows of threads per centimeter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
EP98401210A 1997-05-26 1998-05-19 Entoilage thermocollant à filaments de gros titrage. Expired - Lifetime EP0880909B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9706394A FR2763482B1 (fr) 1997-05-26 1997-05-26 Entoilage thermocollant a filaments de gros titrage
FR9706394 1997-05-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0880909A1 EP0880909A1 (fr) 1998-12-02
EP0880909B1 true EP0880909B1 (fr) 2002-08-21

Family

ID=9507223

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98401210A Expired - Lifetime EP0880909B1 (fr) 1997-05-26 1998-05-19 Entoilage thermocollant à filaments de gros titrage.

Country Status (22)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0880909B1 (pt)
JP (1) JPH1143812A (pt)
KR (1) KR100562531B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN1200158C (pt)
AR (1) AR012749A1 (pt)
AT (1) ATE222465T1 (pt)
AU (1) AU752931B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR9801683A (pt)
CA (1) CA2238598C (pt)
CZ (1) CZ9801546A3 (pt)
DE (1) DE69807286T2 (pt)
ES (1) ES2181135T3 (pt)
FR (1) FR2763482B1 (pt)
HK (1) HK1015227A1 (pt)
HU (1) HUP9801190A3 (pt)
PL (1) PL186867B1 (pt)
PT (1) PT880909E (pt)
RU (1) RU2215076C2 (pt)
SK (1) SK284400B6 (pt)
TR (1) TR199800926A2 (pt)
UA (1) UA57715C2 (pt)
ZA (1) ZA984485B (pt)

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KR100465138B1 (ko) * 2002-06-03 2005-01-13 주움텍스타일 주식회사 연마포용 직물
US7241709B2 (en) * 2002-08-26 2007-07-10 E. I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Penetration resistant life protection articles
US20040260034A1 (en) 2003-06-19 2004-12-23 Haile William Alston Water-dispersible fibers and fibrous articles
US7892993B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2011-02-22 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8513147B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-08-20 Eastman Chemical Company Nonwovens produced from multicomponent fibers
DE102006034860A1 (de) 2006-07-25 2008-01-31 Carl Freudenberg Kg Textiles Flächengebilde, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verwendung
DE102007006568A1 (de) * 2007-02-09 2008-08-14 Kufner Textil Gmbh Elastische Einlage, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Verwendung
DE102008003966B4 (de) * 2007-10-26 2016-05-12 Carl Freudenberg Kg Textiles Flächengebilde
DE102008012160B3 (de) * 2008-03-01 2009-10-08 Hänsel Textil GmbH Leichter textiler Einlagestoff
FR2928522A1 (fr) * 2008-03-17 2009-09-18 Lainiere De Picardie Bc Article vestimentaire presentant au moins une zone a aspect froisse.
JP2009235590A (ja) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-15 Toray Ind Inc 芯地基布
US8512519B2 (en) 2009-04-24 2013-08-20 Eastman Chemical Company Sulfopolyesters for paper strength and process
US9273417B2 (en) 2010-10-21 2016-03-01 Eastman Chemical Company Wet-Laid process to produce a bound nonwoven article
US8840758B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-09-23 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US9303357B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2016-04-05 Eastman Chemical Company Paper and nonwoven articles comprising synthetic microfiber binders
KR101466328B1 (ko) * 2013-07-19 2014-11-27 광림섬유(주) 저밀도 박지 베커의 제직방법
US9605126B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2017-03-28 Eastman Chemical Company Ultrafiltration process for the recovery of concentrated sulfopolyester dispersion
US9598802B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2017-03-21 Eastman Chemical Company Ultrafiltration process for producing a sulfopolyester concentrate
US9756879B2 (en) 2016-02-29 2017-09-12 Talon Technologies, Inc. Expandable and flexible shirt collar stand and shirt with same
JP7406128B2 (ja) * 2019-03-05 2023-12-27 日東紡績株式会社 接着芯地

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DE3610029A1 (de) * 1986-03-25 1987-10-01 Freudenberg Carl Fa Aufbuegelbarer einlageverbundstoff
FR2649866B1 (fr) * 1989-06-29 1993-09-17 Picardie Lainiere Textile destine a l'entoilage et son procede de fabrication
DE3925893A1 (de) * 1989-08-04 1991-02-07 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Vollsynthetische heisssiegelfaehige hemdeinlage
DE4116569A1 (de) * 1991-05-21 1992-11-26 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Fixierbare ganzteileinlage zur verstaerkung von oberstoffen
DE9319870U1 (de) * 1993-12-15 1994-06-01 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Fixiereinlage aus einem Gewirke mit Schußfäden
DE9417827U1 (de) * 1994-02-03 1995-01-05 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Verstärkungseinlage für Krägen und Manschetten von Hemden

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69807286D1 (de) 2002-09-26
PT880909E (pt) 2003-01-31
UA57715C2 (uk) 2003-07-15
RU2215076C2 (ru) 2003-10-27
CZ9801546A3 (cs) 2007-06-13
TR199800926A2 (xx) 1998-12-21
SK284400B6 (sk) 2005-03-04
HUP9801190A3 (en) 2000-06-28
HK1015227A1 (en) 1999-10-15
HUP9801190A2 (hu) 2000-04-28
ATE222465T1 (de) 2002-09-15
JPH1143812A (ja) 1999-02-16
FR2763482A1 (fr) 1998-11-27
SK70698A3 (en) 2000-02-14
HU9801190D0 (en) 1998-08-28
KR19980087347A (ko) 1998-12-05
CN1200414A (zh) 1998-12-02
AU752931B2 (en) 2002-10-03
PL186867B1 (pl) 2004-03-31
PL326474A1 (en) 1998-12-07
FR2763482B1 (fr) 1999-08-06
AU6808298A (en) 1998-11-26
ZA984485B (en) 1998-12-02
ES2181135T3 (es) 2003-02-16
BR9801683A (pt) 1999-06-08
AR012749A1 (es) 2000-11-08
KR100562531B1 (ko) 2006-05-26
CA2238598C (en) 2007-01-23
EP0880909A1 (fr) 1998-12-02
CA2238598A1 (en) 1998-11-26
DE69807286T2 (de) 2003-10-23
CN1200158C (zh) 2005-05-04

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