EP0872430B1 - Schale aus thermoplastischem Werkstoff zum unmittelbaren Vermischen von mindestens zwei Produkten - Google Patents

Schale aus thermoplastischem Werkstoff zum unmittelbaren Vermischen von mindestens zwei Produkten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0872430B1
EP0872430B1 EP98400648A EP98400648A EP0872430B1 EP 0872430 B1 EP0872430 B1 EP 0872430B1 EP 98400648 A EP98400648 A EP 98400648A EP 98400648 A EP98400648 A EP 98400648A EP 0872430 B1 EP0872430 B1 EP 0872430B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compartment
tray according
articulation
compartments
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98400648A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0872430A1 (de
Inventor
Nicolas Albisetti
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LOreal SA
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LOreal SA
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/32—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging two or more different materials which must be maintained separate prior to use in admixture
    • B65D81/3294—Thermoformed trays or the like with a plurality of recesses for different materials located in different recesses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D19/00—Devices for washing the hair or the scalp; Similar devices for colouring the hair
    • A45D19/0041—Processes for treating the hair of the scalp
    • A45D19/0066—Coloring or bleaching
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D2200/00—Details not otherwise provided for in A45D
    • A45D2200/05—Details of containers
    • A45D2200/058—Means for mixing different substances prior to application

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermoplastic tray according to the preamble of claim 1 for the extemporaneous mixing of two products A and B.
  • the invention is very particularly suitable for the mixture of hair coloring products comprising a dye and an oxidant.
  • a dye and an oxidant are used, which are packaged separately so as not to affect their properties, and which are mixed just before use.
  • two-compartment type mixers isolated by a removable cap. Actuating means are provided to, before use, cause the plug to be expelled, so as to allow the dye and the oxidant to be mixed.
  • Actuating means are provided to, before use, cause the plug to be expelled, so as to allow the dye and the oxidant to be mixed.
  • Such devices are described in particular in European patent EP-A-0 333 541 or in US patent 1 275 315. These devices are often complex and relatively high cost. Furthermore, such devices are particularly unsuitable when one and / or the other of the components are in the form of a cream or powder.
  • the shape of the edge of the first container is not chosen in an adequate manner, it can occur during pouring, a so-called “teapot” effect resulting in an untimely flow of liquid along the edge of the first container, which, unless special precautions are taken, will flow out of the second container. Part of the product will therefore be lost permanently, which, in addition to the waste and pollution aspects of the environment, may cause less good quality coloring due to the modification of the respective dosages of dye and oxidant.
  • Document GB-A-1 053 868 describes a structure with two compartments connected by a hinge pin.
  • the second compartment is tilted relative to the first around said axis so as to pour the contents of the second into the first. Due to the structure of the joint, in particular if the second compartment contains a liquid arriving substantially close to its opening, then a non-negligible part of the product is lost in the transfer, and contaminates the device.
  • thermoplastic tray for the extemporaneous mixing of at least two products A and B, said tray comprising a thermoplastic body forming at least two compartments, a first compartment containing product A, a second compartment containing product B, each of the compartments having an opening delimited by a peripheral edge, and removably closed by appropriate means, the two compartments being interconnected by at least one articulation zone, characterized in that said zone articulation allows to bring above the opening of the first compartment, at least a portion of the peripheral edge of the second compartment, by a movement substantially parallel to itself of the latter, then to tilt the second compartment, so as to pour product B in the first compartment, in order to mix the two products.
  • Said peripheral edge portion of the second compartment is brought above the opening of the first compartment by a movement having a horizontal component and a vertical component, said second compartment advantageously has a side wall of which a portion, adjacent to said articulation zone , is inclined so as to give more amplitude to said horizontal component. This characteristic also makes it easier to remove the tray from the mold, if necessary.
  • the angle formed by said side wall can be between 5 ° and 45 °, and preferably between 5 ° and 20 °.
  • the peripheral edge surrounding said openings forms a surface, substantially parallel to a plane of the bottom of said first and second compartments, and has, opposite the articulation zone, a first edge adjacent to the opening which it delimits, and a second edge adjacent to said articulation zone, said articulation zone making it possible to bring at least the second edge above the opening of the first compartment.
  • This surface surrounding the openings of the first and second compartments can be advantageously used for welding (thermal or other) or for bonding a cover capable of sealingly and removably sealing said openings. Still other closing means can be used according to the invention.
  • the first compartment is of axis X
  • the second compartment is of axis Y
  • said articulation zone comprising two axes of articulation, oriented perpendicular to a plane passing through the axes X and Y, and separated from a rigid to semi-rigid zone of sufficient width to be able to bring, above the opening of the first compartment, said peripheral edge portion of the second compartment, by a movement substantially parallel to itself of the latter.
  • This embodiment is very particularly advantageous in that it offers good guidance and good reproducibility of the movement of the compartment, the contents of which are to be poured into the other compartment.
  • Such joints can be arranged so as to allow or facilitate folding, or pivoting, rather in one direction than in the other. In this case, the preferential direction of folding or pivoting of the two articulation axes can be the same or opposite.
  • the two joints consist of film hinges, which constitutes a particularly economical embodiment of the joint zone used according to the present invention.
  • the articulation zone consists of a drop-down hinge.
  • a drop-down hinge may consist of a flexible zone between the two compartments, that is to say of a zone whose width and flexibility of the material constituting it, allow on the one hand a movement parallel to itself of the compartment the content of which must be poured into the other, until a section of its peripheral edge is at least partly above the opening of the mixing compartment, and on the other hand a tilting movement to allow pouring the product into the mixing compartment.
  • a flexible zone is formed in the form of a structure with undulations or folds oriented perpendicular to a plane passing through the axes X and Y of the first, respectively, of the second compartment.
  • the tray comprises two articulation zones formed by two bands located on either side of a plane passing through the axes X and Y of the first, respectively, of the second compartment.
  • each of the bands is connected to the first compartment by a first attachment line, and to the second compartment by a second attachment line, said attachment lines being arranged opposite the respective lateral edges of said first and second compartments.
  • the first compartment comprises hooking means (of the snap-on bead type) capable of cooperating with complementary means (of the groove type) carried by the other compartment, so as to allow hooking mutual of the two compartments, when one is in the folded position on the other, thus achieving a compact structure forming both primary and secondary packaging of the assembly.
  • mount by gluing or welding) the bottom of each of the compartments, individually, on a respective support, cardboard or plastic for example, acting as a protective element, and support labeling or marking for certain technical and / or commercial information.
  • the boxes respectively supporting each of the compartments are located opposite one another. This characteristic is particularly advantageous from a cost point of view.
  • Such a tray according to the invention can be produced by thermoforming, or by thin-walled injection. It can be made of a material chosen from polyethylenes (PE), polypropylenes (PP), polyvinyl chlorides (PVC), polystyrenes (PS), or in a complex of the PE / ethylene-copolymer type. vinyl alcohol (EVOH) / PE, or PP / EVOH / PP.
  • PE polyethylenes
  • PP polypropylenes
  • PVC polyvinyl chlorides
  • PS polystyrenes
  • Said products can be hair products.
  • product A can be an oxidant
  • product B a dye.
  • One and / or the other of these products can be in the form of powder, cream, gel, liquid, or any other galenical form.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a sectional view of a first embodiment of a tray 1 according to the invention.
  • This comprises a body 2, produced by thermoforming, or thin-walled injection, of materials such as polyethylenes (PE), polypropylenes (PP), polyvinyl chlorides (PVC), polystyrenes (PS), or from a PE / ethylene / vinyl alcohol (EVOH) / PE, or PP / EVOH / PP type complex.
  • the body 2 defines two compartments 3 and 4, intended to contain a product A, respectively B.
  • the compartment 3 of axis X has a bottom 5, an opening 8, and side walls 6, slightly inclined relative to the axis X.
  • the side walls 6 form, in the vicinity of the bottom 5, a recess 7 so that the section of the compartment 3 in the vicinity of the bottom 5 is smaller than the section of the compartment 3 in the vicinity of the opening.
  • This recess allows in particular to facilitate the gripping of the tray by its bottom.
  • the opening 8 of the compartment 3 is delimited by a peripheral edge 9, forming a surface substantially parallel to the bottom 5, in particular allowing the sealing (by gluing, welding, or other) of a seal 10.
  • the compartment 4, d axis Y has a bottom 11, an opening 12, and side walls 13, slightly inclined relative to the axis Y.
  • the opening 12 of compartment 4 is delimited by a peripheral edge 14, forming a surface substantially parallel to the bottom 11, making it possible in particular to carry out the sealing (by gluing, welding, or other) of a cover 15.
  • the two compartments 3 and 4 are interconnected by an articulation zone 16, connecting the two compartments by their respective ends, and having two articulation axes C and D oriented substantially perpendicular to the plane passing through the axes X and Y.
  • the two compartments are arranged end to end, and have their respective bottoms located substantially in the same plane.
  • the two articulation axes are separated by a rigid or semi-rigid portion 17.
  • the articulation axes consist of a hinge films, formed from thinner areas.
  • a top view of the tray shown in section in Figure 1, is shown in Figure 1B.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates the operation and use of the tray according to the invention.
  • the compartment 4 is raised by a movement substantially parallel to itself, in position such that the peripheral edge portion 14, facing the articulation zone 16, ie located above the opening 8 of compartment 3.
  • Such a movement is permitted by a double folding or pivoting of the articulation zone, on the one hand around the axis C and on the other hand around the axis D, which double folding allows a movement having both a horizontal and vertical component.
  • the edge of the compartment 4 can be brought above the opening 8 of the compartment 3, while keeping the compartment 4 substantially horizontal.
  • the horizontal component of the movement is increased by the inclination of the wall 13 of the compartment 4.
  • the angle of inclination of the wall can be between 5 ° and 45 °, and preferably between 5 ° and 20 ° . Such an inclination also facilitates demolding of the tray.
  • the vertical component depends to a large extent on the width of the area 17 located between the two articulation axes C, D. Typically, this area 17 can have a width of between 5 mm and 40 mm, and preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm.
  • FIG. 2B after having brought the edge of the compartment 4 above the compartment 3, the compartment 4 is tilted, by pivoting about the axis D.
  • the product B pours into the compartment 3, so as to be mixed with product A.
  • accessories can be provided, of spatula type, to promote the emptying of compartment 4 into compartment 3, and to facilitate mixing of the two products.
  • the compartments A and B are connected by two articulation zones 16, 16 ′ made up of two flexible strips 18, 19, located on either side of the plane passing through the axes X and Y of the compartments 3 and 4.
  • the flexible bands 18, 19 converge in the direction of compartment 4, with respect to the plane passing through the axes X and Y.
  • Each of the bands is arranged so as to allow the movement described with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B.
  • This configuration due to the small relative width of the strips (typically, of the order of 5 mm), their small thickness, and the intrinsic flexibility of the material, has the advantage of allowing such movement without axis of fixed joint, as in the embodiments of FIGS. 1A-1B and 2A-2B.
  • the articulation zone of FIG. 3B conforms to what has been described with reference to FIGS. 1A-1B and 2A-2B, that is to say, consisting of a single strip, of width greater than the width of the bands of Figure 3A.
  • This configuration gives greater torsional rigidity than the configuration in FIG. 3A.
  • this articulation zone larger width acts as a screen when pouring the contents of compartment 4 into compartment 3, so as to avoid, in the case where product B is of relatively liquid consistency, the "teapot" effect mentioned in the introductory part of the description.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C illustrate various variants of the articulation zone 16.
  • the articulation zone consists of two film hinges, produced by molding or by stamping, and separated by a rigid or semi-rigid zone 17.
  • the film hinges are in the preferred direction of folding around their respective axis.
  • the two film hinges have the same direction of pivoting or preferential folding around the axis C, respectively D.
  • the zone 16 separates two articulations, formed of two folds or corrugations 21, 22, obtained by molding with the tray.
  • the folds are oriented perpendicular to the plane passing through the axes X and Y of the compartments 3 and 4, and are turned opposite each other, allowing preferential folding in a first direction around the axis C, and in an opposite direction around the axis D.
  • the articulation zone is produced by a zone with corrugations 20, produced by molding with the tray 1.
  • the number of plies is variable depending on the width of the zone 16, and according to the desired flexibility .
  • Such a configuration makes it possible to give more flexibility to the approach movement of compartment 4 on compartment 3.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of the tray according to the invention, and which constitutes a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 3A.
  • compartment 3 and compartment 4 are connected by two articulation zones 16 and 16 ', each consisting of a narrow band 18, 19 respectively (typically of the order of 5 mm) and whose attachment lines on each of the compartments 3, 4 are located opposite the lateral edges of each of the compartments, unlike the embodiment of FIG. 3A where the attachment lines were located on the ends of the compartments.
  • the attachment lines are located substantially in the middle of the respective lateral edges of each of the compartments 3 and 4.
  • Each of the bands has substantially in the vicinity of its attachment lines, two joints C, D, constituted film hinges for example. As indicated in the embodiment of FIG.
  • the fixed articulation axes C, D are not essential if the bands 18 and 19 are sufficiently narrow and sufficiently flexible.
  • the compartment 4 is brought above the compartment 3, by pivoting on the one hand around the axis C, and on the other hand around the axis D, so to keep the compartment 4 substantially horizontal.
  • the contents of compartment 4 are then poured into compartment 3 by tilting compartment 4 around the axis D.
  • This configuration is particularly advantageous in that it allows greater latitude, in particular in the horizontal component of the approach movement. of compartment 4.
  • the edge of the compartment, the contents of which are to be poured can be brought substantially to the center of the mixing compartment, thus promoting the pouring of product B into compartment 3. Furthermore, it allows a significant reduction in the size of the tray.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Package Specialized In Special Use (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Cleaning And Drying Hair (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Stackable Containers (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Schale (1) aus thermoplastischem Material zum bedarfsgemäßen Vermischen von mindestens zwei Produkten A und B, wobei die Schale ein Gehäuse (2) aus thermoplastischem Material mit mindestens zwei Abteilungen (3, 4) umfasst, wobei eine erste Abteilung (3) das Produkt A und eine zweite Abteilung (4) das Produkt B enthält, wobei die Abteilungen eine Öffnung (8, 12) aufweisen, die von einem peripherischen Rand (9, 14) festgelegt und widerruflich durch geeignete Mittel (10, 15) verschließbar ist, wobei die beiden Abteilungen über mindestens einen Gelenkbereich (16, 16') miteinander verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es der Gelenkbereich (16, 16') ermöglicht, mindestens einen Abschnitt des peripherischen Rands (14) der zweiten Abteilung (4) durch eine im Wesentlichen zu dieser parallele Bewegung mit sowohl einer horizontalen als auch einer vertikalen Komponente über die Öffnung (8) der ersten Abteilung (3) zu führen und dann die zweite Abteilung (4) zu kippen, sodass das Produkt B in die erste Abteilung (3) gefüllt wird, um die beiden Produkte dort zu vermischen.
  2. Schale nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Abteilung (4) eine Seitenwand (13) aufweist, von der mindestens ein an den Gelenkbereich (16) angrenzender Abschnitt derart geneigt ist, dass die horizontale Komponente größer ist.
  3. Schale nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abschnitt um einen Winkel α von 5 bis 45 Grad und vorzugsweise von 5 bis 20 Grad geneigt ist.
  4. Schale nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der peripherische Rand (9, 14), der die Öffnungen (8, 12) festlegt, eine im Wesentlichen zu einer Hintergrundebene (5, 11) der ersten (3) und zweiten Abteilung (4) parallele Fläche bildet und dem Gelenkbereich (16) zugewandt einen ersten Rand aufweist, der an die Öffnung angrenzt, die sie umgibt, sowie einen zweiten Rand, der an den Gelenkbereich (16) angrenzt, wobei der Gelenkbereich es ermöglicht, zumindest den zweiten Rand über die Öffnung (8) der ersten Abteilung (3) zu führen.
  5. Schale nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Abteilung (3) eine Achse X aufweist, die senkrecht zu einer Ebene ihrer Öffnung verläuft, und die zweite Abteilung (4) eine Achse Y, die senkrecht zu einer Ebene ihrer Öffnung verläuft, wobei der Gelenkbereich (16) zwei Gelenkachsen (C, D) aufweist, die durch Biegen oder Schwenken senkrecht zu einer Ebene ausgerichtet werden, die durch die Achsen X und Y verläuft, und von einem starren bis halbstarren Bereich (17) von ausreichender Breite getrennt sind, sodass der Abschnitt des peripherischen Rands der zweiten Abteilung (4) in im Wesentlichen horizontaler Position von dieser über die Öffnung (8) der ersten Abteilung (3) geführt werden kann.
  6. Schale nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Gelenkachsen (C, D) eine bevorzugte Biege- oder Schwenkrichtung haben, wobei die beiden Gelenkachsen die gleiche oder die entgegengesetzte bevorzugte Richtung haben.
  7. Schale nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Gelenkachsen aus Folienscharnieren gebildet sind.
  8. Schale nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gelenkbereich (16) von einem Gelenkband gebildet ist.
  9. Schale nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gelenkband von mindestens einem flexiblem Bereich (18, 19, 20) zwischen den beiden Abteilungen gebildet ist.
  10. Schale nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der flexible Bereich eine Struktur mit Wellen oder Falten (20) aufweist, die senkrecht zu einer Ebene ausgerichtet sind, welche durch die Achsen X und Y der ersten (3) beziehungsweise zweiten Abteilung (4) verläuft.
  11. Schale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zwei Gelenkbereiche (16, 16') aufweist, die von zwei Streifen (18, 19) auf beiden Seiten einer Ebene gebildet werden, welche durch die Achsen X und Y der ersten beziehungsweise der zweiten Abteilung verläuft.
  12. Schale nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder der Streifen (18, 19) über eine erste Verbindungslinie mit der ersten Abteilung (3) und über eine zweite Verbindungslinie mit der zweiten Abteilung (4) verbunden ist, wobei die Verbindungslinien den jeweiligen seitlichen Rändern der ersten und zweiten Abteilung zugewandt angeordnet sind.
  13. Schale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie durch Thermoformen oder Spritzgießen dünnwandiger Werkstücke hergestellt ist.
  14. Schale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Abteilung (3) Mittel zum Einhängen aufweist, die mit von der zweiten Abteilung (4) getragenen komplementären Mitteln zusammenwirken können, sodass sich die beiden Abteilungen aneinander einhängen können, wenn eine über die andere geklappt ist.
  15. Schale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie aus einem Material hergestellt ist, das aus den Polyethylenen (PE), den Polypropylenen (PP), den Polyvinylchoriden (PVC), den Polystyrolen (PS) oder aus einem Komplex vom Typ PE und Ethylen/Vinylalkohol-Copolymer (EVOH/PE) oder PP/EVOH/PPP gewählt ist.
  16. Schale nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die abnehmbaren Verschlussmittel einen thermoversiegelten oder geklebten Deckel (10, 15) entlang der vom peripherischen Rand (9, 14) der Öffnungen (8, 12) gebildeten Fläche aufweisen.
  17. Schale nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Produkte Produkte für Haare sind.
  18. Schale nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt A ein Oxidationsmittel und das Produkt B ein Farbmittel ist.
EP98400648A 1997-04-14 1998-03-19 Schale aus thermoplastischem Werkstoff zum unmittelbaren Vermischen von mindestens zwei Produkten Expired - Lifetime EP0872430B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9704545A FR2761962B1 (fr) 1997-04-14 1997-04-14 Barquette thermoplastique pour le melange extemporane d'au moins deux produits
FR9704545 1997-04-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0872430A1 EP0872430A1 (de) 1998-10-21
EP0872430B1 true EP0872430B1 (de) 2003-09-10

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EP98400648A Expired - Lifetime EP0872430B1 (de) 1997-04-14 1998-03-19 Schale aus thermoplastischem Werkstoff zum unmittelbaren Vermischen von mindestens zwei Produkten

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5890596A (de)
EP (1) EP0872430B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2944621B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1076307C (de)
AR (1) AR011713A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69817902T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2206859T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2761962B1 (de)

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IT231600Y1 (it) * 1993-10-29 1999-08-04 Isap Omv Group Spa Vaschetta
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9717319B2 (en) 2006-07-11 2017-08-01 David Lecas Method, device and packing unit for producing a cosmetic item

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2206859T3 (es) 2004-05-16
AR011713A1 (es) 2000-08-30
CN1210086A (zh) 1999-03-10
DE69817902T2 (de) 2004-07-22
FR2761962A1 (fr) 1998-10-16
FR2761962B1 (fr) 1999-06-04
US5890596A (en) 1999-04-06
DE69817902D1 (de) 2003-10-16
CN1076307C (zh) 2001-12-19
JP2944621B2 (ja) 1999-09-06
EP0872430A1 (de) 1998-10-21
JPH10327927A (ja) 1998-12-15

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