EP0871839B1 - Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel - Google Patents
Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0871839B1 EP0871839B1 EP96900081A EP96900081A EP0871839B1 EP 0871839 B1 EP0871839 B1 EP 0871839B1 EP 96900081 A EP96900081 A EP 96900081A EP 96900081 A EP96900081 A EP 96900081A EP 0871839 B1 EP0871839 B1 EP 0871839B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- combustion furnace
- air
- furnace according
- grate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
- F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
Definitions
- the invention relates to an incinerator for combustion Solid fuels, especially under-fire boilers, with a filling shaft and a downstream rear Afterburning chamber, which at its filling shaft side, in lower flue gas inlet Has secondary air supply openings.
- an oven is already known from document DE-U-9 418 396.
- An improvement in fuel efficiency will according to DE-PS 35 24 962 also achieved in that at one Incinerator of the type mentioned the flue gases subtracted from a filling shaft and in one rear afterburning chamber to be burned completely before the flue gas for example to a flue gas chamber or reaches the rear flue gas flues of a boiler.
- the afterburner is designed as a so-called circulation chamber and has a lower tangential to the circulation chamber opening wall, which is in close proximity to the filling shaft Has secondary air supply openings to the Enrich post-combustion flue gas with warmed fresh air.
- the secondary air supply openings are one Standing grate upstream, which is the solid fuel in the entrance area retains to the afterburner and it points the as Circulation chamber designed afterburning chamber on the outlet side at least one pre or after glow head.
- the standing grate extends essentially perpendicular to lower horizontal filling chute grate down to the Entrance area to the afterburning chamber, namely via the entire width of the filling shaft. It preferably owns Vertical slots through which additional flue gas components be fed to the entrance of the afterburning chamber.
- the standing grate comprises in particular spaced apart Air guide hooks, which are located on the filling shaft side of the Rust are arranged in particular in the vertical direction.
- the air guide hooks are expediently separate components, which is hooked into the standing grate at the desired location can be.
- the air guide hooks are designed that on the one hand the secondary air supply openings protect it in a way that it doesn't can clog up by fuel so that the inflow of secondary air in a controlled manner constant cross section. Beyond that the air guide hooks the vertical slots of the standing grate upstream, so that these slots are not fueled can clog.
- the air guide hooks according to the invention become an afterburner in the entrance area optimal flow conditions, especially strong turbulence the fuel gases.
- the Air guide hook dimensioned and positioned on the standing grate become. It is also advantageous that the air guide hooks which wear parts are easy to replace can. They are primarily made of refractory concrete or comparable material.
- the invention further extends the combustion chamber technology improved by setting up a third-party air supply (Tertiary air). Via holes in a post-combustion chamber wall, which is preferably a perforated plate, the third air Fuel gases added. Possibly still existing at this point unburned fuel gases are therefore another Times supplied with preheated air so that ignition is possible becomes.
- a third-party air supply Tertiary air
- the combustion chamber technology is also improved by the invention through a special design of an afterburning chamber in the form of a circulation chamber, which has a top provides tangential oblique section.
- the sloping section shows at the lower and / or at the upper end After glow heads on and it's the circulation chamber out
- Both chamber halves can be detached from the oven or Boiler body attached, especially via hooks.
- the Chamber halves are preferably made of refractory, refractory Concrete or the like and have a high stability.
- the specific shape of the aforementioned circulation chamber is the result of empirical experiments.
- the advantage of the above training is that both Mixing as well as the residence time of the gases and a extensive oxidation of the existing combustion gases guaranteed are.
- the downstream pre and post glow heads enable at the exit of the circulation chamber the additional temperature increase the residual oxidation of the oxygen atoms still present.
- the levels within the Ensure circulation chamber with pre and post glow head about the oxidation of carbon also that the intermediate reactions combustion like the heterogeneous water gas reaction with its subsequent reaction of hydrogenating gasification as well the back reaction (“Boudouard effect") for the most part can be compensated.
- an optimization of the combustion conditions in the afterburner is also achieved in that the afterburning chamber, which is designed as a swirl chamber, additional upper Eddy stones on the right and left on the vertical wall side has a constriction and thus a repeated swirl to reach the flow.
- the invention enables a boiler to be operated with fuels of classes 6 and 7 with very high CO 2 and very low CO values, well below the Federal Emission Control Ordinance.
- the incinerator 1 illustrated in Fig. 1 is a Boiler with rear flue gas flues 22 and front a vertically extending hopper 2, the Solid fuels, especially with residual wood, chips or the like, can be filled from above.
- the afterburner 3 is in the form of a circulation chamber 22, 8, for example, formed and has in Area of their entrance secondary air supply openings 4.
- the horizontal manhole grate 6 In addition to the horizontal manhole grate 6 is another Grate provided in the form of a standing grate 5, which is in extends in the vertical direction across the entire width of the boiler, and that from the manhole grate 6 to the level of Entrance to the afterburning chamber 3, where there are also the secondary air supply openings 4 are in close proximity.
- the standing grate 5 is made of identical plates constructed, which form slots at the same distance from each other are interconnected.
- the air guide hooks 8 each have an upper hook section 9 with an upper head-like projection 12 and a lateral support section 10, both sections 9, 10 form-fitting with corresponding sections of the standing grate 5 can intervene, as is the case in particular 2 and 3 can be seen.
- Each air guide hook 8 can therefore be viewed from above on the side of the feed chute Standing grate hooked in and at the bottom in an associated one Vertical slot 7 of the standing grate 5 are supported, wherein the side support portion 10 has a front nose 23 has, which protrudes into the associated vertical section.
- the air guide hooks 8 are in front of each vertical slot 7 of the standing grate 5 or with less fine residual wood at every second vertical slot 7 or third, etc., each depending on how great is the risk that the vertical slots 7 can clog through the residual wood.
- each air guide hook 8 due to its height and width also ensures that the secondary air supply openings 4 be kept free of residual wood, which is in the filling shaft 2 is arranged.
- the air guide hooks 8 operate during operation like glow heads and bring the fuel gas directly after the ember stick for ignition.
- the fuel gas can be used without any problems through vertical slots 7, bulges 11 and between the upper protrusions 12 into the entrance of the afterburner 3 get from different directions, see above that a strong swirl already at the entrance to the afterburner 3 is given.
- the strong swirl continues supported by the essentially perpendicular feed Secondary air through the supply openings 4, which not due to fuel from the filling shaft can clog.
- the tangential wall section 14 as a circulation chamber trained afterburning chamber 3 is, for example, according to Art 4 and 5 constructed as a perforated plate and has a Row of tertiary air supply openings 13, which parallel to the row of upstream secondary air supply openings 4 runs.
- the perforated plate is also out fireproof concrete, fireclay or the like. trained as well the entire circulation chamber par excellence.
- the facility the third air supply (tertiary air) provides an additional one Admixing air in the combustion chamber at one point which could possibly still exist unburned fuel gases. These unburned fuel gases are still there preheated air and well mixed and burned.
- the circulation chamber 22 consists of a front half of the chamber 23 made of fireclay or the like and an associated rear chamber half 24 of the same material. Both Chamber halves 23 and 24 are via boiler-attached hooks 27 can be hooked into the boiler body in such a way that a central "swirl chamber" is created, in which underside the gases can flow in tangentially to the rear half of the chamber.
- a tangential inclined section becomes on the top 28 of a circulation chamber 22, which essentially parallel to the lower tangential wall section 14 runs and an S-shaped flow in Edge area of the circulation chamber allowed.
- the upper sloping section 28 is delimited at the ends by a glow head: integrated on the underside of a pre-glow head 26 Training with the rear chamber half 26 and top by an after-glow head 25 in integrated training with the front half of the chamber 23. Before and after glow head are - based on the direction of flow in Sloping section 28 - offset opposite.
- the standing grate 8 is tangential Wall section 14 formed in one piece.
- the air guide hooks 8 are directly in the area of the secondary feed openings 4 hung.
- the swirling in a circulation chamber Afterburning chamber 3 is made up of two whirlstones 15 and 16 optimized, which at the upper outlet of the afterburning chamber 3 1 are provided.
- the two whirlstones 15, 16 are attached on the left and right wall side according to Fig. 1, a constriction of the flue gas outlet and thus one to achieve another swirling of the flow.
- the two vortex stones 15 and 16 of FIG. 1 are larger Detail shown in Figs. 6 and 7 and are in essentially the same, but mirror images of each other. Both pegs 15, 16 have two lower slopes Support surfaces 17, with the central portion 24 accordingly the shape of the vortex chamber is bent to attach to this to form a closed vertebra at the top.
- Both pegs 15, 16 also have a vertical outer surface 18, which in the inserted state of the pegs in the combustion chamber close to the associated inner wall of the Incinerator.
- Both pegs 15, 16 finally have an incline Inner wall 19 on, in the inserted state of the pegs an expansion in the afterburner 3 after constriction get the outlet of the afterburning chamber 3.
- the right whirling stone 16 which in greater detail 7 has an upper central Recess 21, which tapers downward is and parallel to the longitudinal extent of the standing grate 5 or the axis of the vortex chamber extends in slightly sloping down towards the exit the afterburning chamber 3.
- the central recess 21 is for an external viewing hole advantageous.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine aufgebrochene perspektivische Ansicht eines Heizkessels mit der Erfindung,
- Fig. 2
- einen in einem Stehrost eingehängten Luftführungshaken,
- Fig. 3
- den Luftführungshaken gemäß Fig. 2 in einer Stirnansicht,
- Fig. 4
- eine Lochplatte für Tertiärluft,
- Fig. 5
- einen Querschnitt durch die Lochplatte gemäß Fig.4 längs der Linie A-A, und
- Fig. 6 und 7
- linken bzw. rechten Wirbelstein der Nachbrennkammer in einer Seitenansicht, Stirnansicht und in Draufsicht, und
- Fig. 8
- einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Heizkessel im Bereich einer Zirkulationskammer in besonderer Ausgestaltung.
Claims (10)
- Verbrennungsofen für zu verbrennende Festbrennstoffe, mit einem vorderen Füllschacht (2) und einer nachgeordneten, hinteren, als Zirkulationskammer ausgebildeten Nachbrennkammer, welche an ihrem füllschachtseitigen, im unteren Füllschachtbereich gelegenen Rauchgas-Eingang Sekundärluft-Zuführungsöffnungen (4) aufweist, denen ein den Festbrennstoff zurückhaltender Stehrost (5) vorgeordnet ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die als Zirkulationskammer (22) ausgebildete Nachbrennkammer ausgangsseitig einen tangentialen Schrägabschnitt (28) besitzt, welcher mit zumindest einem Glühkopf (25 bzw. 26), vorzugsweise mit einem Vor-Glühkopf (26) und einem Nach-Glühkopf (25), ausgebildet ist. - Verbrennungsofen nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Stehrost (5) weitere Glühköpfe besitzt und am unteren Wandabschnitt des Füllschachts (2) angeordnet ist, welcher zwischen Nachbrennkammer-Eingang und Füllschachtrost (6) gelegen ist, wobei der Stehrost (5) Vertikalschlitze (7) aufweist aus im wesentlichen gleichen, voneinander beabstandeten Vertikalplatten aufgebaut ist, und auf der Füllschachtseite voneinander beabstandete Luftführungshaken (8) besitzt, welche die weiteren Glühköpfe sind. - Verbrennungsofen nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Luftführungshaken (8) separate Teile sind, welche am Stehrost (5) einhängbar und im wesentlichen in vertikaler Anordnung am Stehrost positionierbar sind, wobei die Luftführungshaken (8) gleich aufgebaut sind. - Verbrennungsofen nach Anspruch 2 oder 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Luftführungshaken (8) einen oberen Hakenabschnitt (9) und einen unteren seitlichen Abstützungsabschnitt (10) besitzen, wobei zumindest der obere Hakenabschnitt formschlüssig mit einem entsprechenden Stehrostabschnitt in Eingriff bringbar ist, zwischen oberem Hakenabschnitt (9) und unterem Abstützungsabschnitt (10) eine Ausbuchtung (11) ausgebildet ist, die Luftführungshaken (8) obere Vorsprünge (12) besitzen, welche den Rauchgaseingang zur Nachbrennkammer (3) hin örtlich verengen, und die seitlich voneinander beabstandeten oberen Vorsprünge (12) sich praktisch über die gesamte Höhe des Rauchgaseingangs erstrecken. - Verbrennungsofen nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Luftführungshaken (8) und/oder der Stehrost aus Schamott oder hochfeuerfestem Beton gebildet sind. - Verbrennungsofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Zirkulationskammer (22) eine vordere Kammerhälfte (23) und eine hintere Kammerhälfte (24) aufweist, wobei die hintere Kammerhälfte (24) im Bereich des unteren Endes des Schrägabschnitts (28) einen hinteren Vor-Glühkopf (26) und die vordere Kammerhälfte (23) im Bereich des oberen Endes des Schrägabschnitts (28) einen vorderen Nach-Glühkopf (25) besitzt, und die vordere und die hintere Kammerhälfte (23, 24) lösbar am Ofen- bzw. Kesselkörper befestigbar sind, insbesondere in Einhänghaken (27) des Ofen- bzw. Kesselkörpers eingehängt werden können. - Verbrennungsofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die als Zirkulationskammer ausgebildete Nachbrennkammer (3) ausgangsseitig zwei Wirbelsteine (15, 16) aufweist, welche im seitlichen Wandbereich ausgangsseitig geschlossene Wirbelabschnitte und einen zentralen eingeschränkten Rauchgasauslaß ausbilden. - Verbrennungsofen nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Wirbelsteine (15, 16) aus Schamott oder aus hochfeuerfestem Beton ausgebildet sind. - Verbrennungsofen nach Anspruch 7 oder 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Wirbelsteine (15, 16) schräge untere Auflageflächen (17), sowie eine vertikale Außenfläche (18) und eine schräge Innenfläche (19), wobei die untere Dicke (D) der Wirbelsteine (15, 16) größer als die obere Dicke (d) ist, und ferner eine obere Horizontalfläche (20) besitzen, welche eine zentrale Aussparung (21) aufweist. - Verbrennungsofen nach Anspruch 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die zentrale Aussparung (21) nach unten konisch verjüngt ausgebildet ist und in Richtung des eingeschränkten Rauchgasanschlusses schräg nach unten verläuft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT96900081T ATE187236T1 (de) | 1996-01-01 | 1996-01-01 | Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1996/000002 WO1997024556A1 (de) | 1996-01-01 | 1996-01-01 | Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0871839A1 EP0871839A1 (de) | 1998-10-21 |
| EP0871839B1 true EP0871839B1 (de) | 1999-12-01 |
Family
ID=6918320
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96900081A Expired - Lifetime EP0871839B1 (de) | 1996-01-01 | 1996-01-01 | Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0871839B1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU4327096A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE59603810D1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1997024556A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2975322A1 (de) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-01-20 | swissphlox gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von festen Brennstoffen |
| PL235688B1 (pl) * | 2018-03-15 | 2020-10-05 | Defro Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spolka Komandytowa | Dysza redukująca emisję spalin kotła na paliwo stałe dolnego spalania oraz kocioł centralnego ogrzewania na paliwo stałe dolnego spalania z taką dyszą |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2648732C2 (de) * | 1975-11-28 | 1982-09-02 | Drescher, Norbert, Neckenmarkt, Burgenland | Verfahren zur Regelung des Abbrandes fester Brennstoffe in einem Füllschachtverbrennungsofen und Vorrichtung zu dessen Durchführung |
| DE3218334C2 (de) * | 1982-05-14 | 1984-02-16 | Michael 8069 Gerolsbach Maurer | Heizvorrichtung |
| DE3524962A1 (de) * | 1985-07-12 | 1987-01-22 | Karl Ackermann | Verbrennungsofen |
| CH678652A5 (de) * | 1989-04-28 | 1991-10-15 | Heitzmann Ag | |
| DE9418396U1 (de) * | 1994-11-17 | 1995-02-02 | Ackermann, Karl, 84323 Massing | Verbrennungsofen mit Sekundärluftführung, insbesondere Unterbrand-Heizkessel |
-
1996
- 1996-01-01 EP EP96900081A patent/EP0871839B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-01 DE DE59603810T patent/DE59603810D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-01 DE DE19681185T patent/DE19681185D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-01 WO PCT/DE1996/000002 patent/WO1997024556A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1996-01-01 AU AU43270/96A patent/AU4327096A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997024556A1 (de) | 1997-07-10 |
| DE19681185D2 (de) | 1999-01-28 |
| AU4327096A (en) | 1997-07-28 |
| EP0871839A1 (de) | 1998-10-21 |
| DE59603810D1 (de) | 2000-01-05 |
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