EP0871839B1 - Four a combustion avec canalisation d'air secondaire, en particulier chaudiere a combustion par le bas - Google Patents

Four a combustion avec canalisation d'air secondaire, en particulier chaudiere a combustion par le bas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0871839B1
EP0871839B1 EP96900081A EP96900081A EP0871839B1 EP 0871839 B1 EP0871839 B1 EP 0871839B1 EP 96900081 A EP96900081 A EP 96900081A EP 96900081 A EP96900081 A EP 96900081A EP 0871839 B1 EP0871839 B1 EP 0871839B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
combustion furnace
air
furnace according
grate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96900081A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0871839A1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Ackermann
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT96900081T priority Critical patent/ATE187236T1/de
Publication of EP0871839A1 publication Critical patent/EP0871839A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an incinerator for combustion Solid fuels, especially under-fire boilers, with a filling shaft and a downstream rear Afterburning chamber, which at its filling shaft side, in lower flue gas inlet Has secondary air supply openings.
  • an oven is already known from document DE-U-9 418 396.
  • An improvement in fuel efficiency will according to DE-PS 35 24 962 also achieved in that at one Incinerator of the type mentioned the flue gases subtracted from a filling shaft and in one rear afterburning chamber to be burned completely before the flue gas for example to a flue gas chamber or reaches the rear flue gas flues of a boiler.
  • the afterburner is designed as a so-called circulation chamber and has a lower tangential to the circulation chamber opening wall, which is in close proximity to the filling shaft Has secondary air supply openings to the Enrich post-combustion flue gas with warmed fresh air.
  • the secondary air supply openings are one Standing grate upstream, which is the solid fuel in the entrance area retains to the afterburner and it points the as Circulation chamber designed afterburning chamber on the outlet side at least one pre or after glow head.
  • the standing grate extends essentially perpendicular to lower horizontal filling chute grate down to the Entrance area to the afterburning chamber, namely via the entire width of the filling shaft. It preferably owns Vertical slots through which additional flue gas components be fed to the entrance of the afterburning chamber.
  • the standing grate comprises in particular spaced apart Air guide hooks, which are located on the filling shaft side of the Rust are arranged in particular in the vertical direction.
  • the air guide hooks are expediently separate components, which is hooked into the standing grate at the desired location can be.
  • the air guide hooks are designed that on the one hand the secondary air supply openings protect it in a way that it doesn't can clog up by fuel so that the inflow of secondary air in a controlled manner constant cross section. Beyond that the air guide hooks the vertical slots of the standing grate upstream, so that these slots are not fueled can clog.
  • the air guide hooks according to the invention become an afterburner in the entrance area optimal flow conditions, especially strong turbulence the fuel gases.
  • the Air guide hook dimensioned and positioned on the standing grate become. It is also advantageous that the air guide hooks which wear parts are easy to replace can. They are primarily made of refractory concrete or comparable material.
  • the invention further extends the combustion chamber technology improved by setting up a third-party air supply (Tertiary air). Via holes in a post-combustion chamber wall, which is preferably a perforated plate, the third air Fuel gases added. Possibly still existing at this point unburned fuel gases are therefore another Times supplied with preheated air so that ignition is possible becomes.
  • a third-party air supply Tertiary air
  • the combustion chamber technology is also improved by the invention through a special design of an afterburning chamber in the form of a circulation chamber, which has a top provides tangential oblique section.
  • the sloping section shows at the lower and / or at the upper end After glow heads on and it's the circulation chamber out
  • Both chamber halves can be detached from the oven or Boiler body attached, especially via hooks.
  • the Chamber halves are preferably made of refractory, refractory Concrete or the like and have a high stability.
  • the specific shape of the aforementioned circulation chamber is the result of empirical experiments.
  • the advantage of the above training is that both Mixing as well as the residence time of the gases and a extensive oxidation of the existing combustion gases guaranteed are.
  • the downstream pre and post glow heads enable at the exit of the circulation chamber the additional temperature increase the residual oxidation of the oxygen atoms still present.
  • the levels within the Ensure circulation chamber with pre and post glow head about the oxidation of carbon also that the intermediate reactions combustion like the heterogeneous water gas reaction with its subsequent reaction of hydrogenating gasification as well the back reaction (“Boudouard effect") for the most part can be compensated.
  • an optimization of the combustion conditions in the afterburner is also achieved in that the afterburning chamber, which is designed as a swirl chamber, additional upper Eddy stones on the right and left on the vertical wall side has a constriction and thus a repeated swirl to reach the flow.
  • the invention enables a boiler to be operated with fuels of classes 6 and 7 with very high CO 2 and very low CO values, well below the Federal Emission Control Ordinance.
  • the incinerator 1 illustrated in Fig. 1 is a Boiler with rear flue gas flues 22 and front a vertically extending hopper 2, the Solid fuels, especially with residual wood, chips or the like, can be filled from above.
  • the afterburner 3 is in the form of a circulation chamber 22, 8, for example, formed and has in Area of their entrance secondary air supply openings 4.
  • the horizontal manhole grate 6 In addition to the horizontal manhole grate 6 is another Grate provided in the form of a standing grate 5, which is in extends in the vertical direction across the entire width of the boiler, and that from the manhole grate 6 to the level of Entrance to the afterburning chamber 3, where there are also the secondary air supply openings 4 are in close proximity.
  • the standing grate 5 is made of identical plates constructed, which form slots at the same distance from each other are interconnected.
  • the air guide hooks 8 each have an upper hook section 9 with an upper head-like projection 12 and a lateral support section 10, both sections 9, 10 form-fitting with corresponding sections of the standing grate 5 can intervene, as is the case in particular 2 and 3 can be seen.
  • Each air guide hook 8 can therefore be viewed from above on the side of the feed chute Standing grate hooked in and at the bottom in an associated one Vertical slot 7 of the standing grate 5 are supported, wherein the side support portion 10 has a front nose 23 has, which protrudes into the associated vertical section.
  • the air guide hooks 8 are in front of each vertical slot 7 of the standing grate 5 or with less fine residual wood at every second vertical slot 7 or third, etc., each depending on how great is the risk that the vertical slots 7 can clog through the residual wood.
  • each air guide hook 8 due to its height and width also ensures that the secondary air supply openings 4 be kept free of residual wood, which is in the filling shaft 2 is arranged.
  • the air guide hooks 8 operate during operation like glow heads and bring the fuel gas directly after the ember stick for ignition.
  • the fuel gas can be used without any problems through vertical slots 7, bulges 11 and between the upper protrusions 12 into the entrance of the afterburner 3 get from different directions, see above that a strong swirl already at the entrance to the afterburner 3 is given.
  • the strong swirl continues supported by the essentially perpendicular feed Secondary air through the supply openings 4, which not due to fuel from the filling shaft can clog.
  • the tangential wall section 14 as a circulation chamber trained afterburning chamber 3 is, for example, according to Art 4 and 5 constructed as a perforated plate and has a Row of tertiary air supply openings 13, which parallel to the row of upstream secondary air supply openings 4 runs.
  • the perforated plate is also out fireproof concrete, fireclay or the like. trained as well the entire circulation chamber par excellence.
  • the facility the third air supply (tertiary air) provides an additional one Admixing air in the combustion chamber at one point which could possibly still exist unburned fuel gases. These unburned fuel gases are still there preheated air and well mixed and burned.
  • the circulation chamber 22 consists of a front half of the chamber 23 made of fireclay or the like and an associated rear chamber half 24 of the same material. Both Chamber halves 23 and 24 are via boiler-attached hooks 27 can be hooked into the boiler body in such a way that a central "swirl chamber" is created, in which underside the gases can flow in tangentially to the rear half of the chamber.
  • a tangential inclined section becomes on the top 28 of a circulation chamber 22, which essentially parallel to the lower tangential wall section 14 runs and an S-shaped flow in Edge area of the circulation chamber allowed.
  • the upper sloping section 28 is delimited at the ends by a glow head: integrated on the underside of a pre-glow head 26 Training with the rear chamber half 26 and top by an after-glow head 25 in integrated training with the front half of the chamber 23. Before and after glow head are - based on the direction of flow in Sloping section 28 - offset opposite.
  • the standing grate 8 is tangential Wall section 14 formed in one piece.
  • the air guide hooks 8 are directly in the area of the secondary feed openings 4 hung.
  • the swirling in a circulation chamber Afterburning chamber 3 is made up of two whirlstones 15 and 16 optimized, which at the upper outlet of the afterburning chamber 3 1 are provided.
  • the two whirlstones 15, 16 are attached on the left and right wall side according to Fig. 1, a constriction of the flue gas outlet and thus one to achieve another swirling of the flow.
  • the two vortex stones 15 and 16 of FIG. 1 are larger Detail shown in Figs. 6 and 7 and are in essentially the same, but mirror images of each other. Both pegs 15, 16 have two lower slopes Support surfaces 17, with the central portion 24 accordingly the shape of the vortex chamber is bent to attach to this to form a closed vertebra at the top.
  • Both pegs 15, 16 also have a vertical outer surface 18, which in the inserted state of the pegs in the combustion chamber close to the associated inner wall of the Incinerator.
  • Both pegs 15, 16 finally have an incline Inner wall 19 on, in the inserted state of the pegs an expansion in the afterburner 3 after constriction get the outlet of the afterburning chamber 3.
  • the right whirling stone 16 which in greater detail 7 has an upper central Recess 21, which tapers downward is and parallel to the longitudinal extent of the standing grate 5 or the axis of the vortex chamber extends in slightly sloping down towards the exit the afterburning chamber 3.
  • the central recess 21 is for an external viewing hole advantageous.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Un four d'incinération pour des corps solides combustibles, avec une cuve de remplissage (2) placée à l'avant et une chambre de post-combustion postérieure, placée à l'arrière, servant de chambre de circulation et comportant des ouvertures (4) permettant l'entrée de l'air secondaire placées à côté de l'entrée de gas de combustion, du coté de la cuve de remplissage, dans la partie inférieure de la cuve de remplissage, ces ouvertures étant précédées d'une grille verticale (5) qui retient les corps solides combustibles, caractérisé en cela, que la chambre de post-combustion servant de chambre de circulation (22) possède sur le coté extérieur une partie en biais tangentielle (28) étant composée au moins d'une pointe incandescente (25; 26) ou, ce qui serait mieux, d'une pointe antérieure (26) et d'une pointe postérieure (25).
  2. Un four d'incinération, d'après la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en cela, que la grille verticale (5) possède d'autres pointes incandescentes et est placée contre la partie du bas de la paroi de la cuve de remplissage (2), celle-ci étant posée entre l'entrée de la chambre de post-combustion et la grille (6) de la cuve de remplissage, la grille verticale (5) comportant des rainures verticales (7) et étant composée de plaques verticales essentiellement égales et distancées les uns des autres, et possédant sur le coté de la cuve de remplissage des crochets (8) pour la conduite de l'air distancés les uns des autres et qui sont les autres pointes incandescentes.
  3. Un four d'incinération, d'après la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en cela, que les crochets (8) pour la conduite de l'air sont des éléments particuliers pouvant être accrochés à la grille verticale (5) et pouvant être essentiellement positionnés verticalement les uns après les autres sur la grille verticale, ces crochets (8) étant fabriqués sur le même modèle.
  4. Un four d'incinération, d'après la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en cela, que les crochets (8) pour la conduite de l'air possèdent une partie supérieure (9) en forme de crochet et une partie inférieure (10), latérale, contre laquelle ils peuvent être appuyés, la partie supérieure en forme de crochet étant encastrable d'après sa forme avec une partie de la grille verticale lui correspondant, une cavité (11) étant formée entre la partie supérieure (9) en forme de crochet et la partie inférieure (10) contre laquelle ils peuvent être appuyés, les crochets (8) pour la conduite de l'air possèdent des saillances supérieures (12) rétrécissant localement l'entrée du gas de combustion vers la chambre de post-combustion (3), ces saillances supérieures distancées latéralement les unes des autres s'étendant pratiquement au-delà de la hauteur totale de l'entrée des gas de combustion.
  5. Un four d'incinération, d'après une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en cela, que les crochets (8) pour la conduite de l'air et/ou pour la grille verticale sont fabriqués à partir d'argile réfractaire ou de béton résistant à de très hautes températures.
  6. Un four d'incinération, d'après une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en cela, que la chambre de circulation (22) comporte une moitié de chambre avant (23) et une moitié de chambre arrière (24), la moitié de chambre arrière (24) possédant une pointe incandescente antérieure (26) placée à l'arrière dans le domaine où se termine la partie (28) en biais vers le bas, la moitié de chambre avant (23) possédant une pointe incandescente postérieure (25) placée à l'avant dans le domaine où la partie (28) en biais se termine vers le haut, les moitiés de chambre avant et arrière (23, 24) étant fixable au four et, de fait, à la chaudière tout en restant détachables, pouvant être en particulier accrochées à des crochets (27) du four et, de fait, de la chaudière prévus à cet effet.
  7. Un four d'incinération, d'après une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en cela, que la chambre de post-combustion servant de chambre de circulation comporte sur le coté extérieur deux éléments gondolés (15, 16) servant à la circulation, qui forment dans le domaine latéral de la paroi sur le coté extérieur des parties gondolées fermées servant à la circulation et un échappement des fumés rétréci au centre.
  8. Un four d'incinération, d'après la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en cela, que les éléments gondolés (15, 16) servant à la circulation sont fabriqués à partir d'argile réfractaire ou de béton résistant à de très hautes températures.
  9. Un four d'incinération, d'après la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en cela, que les éléments gondolés (15, 16) servant à la circulation possèdent des surfaces inférieures (17) en biais sur lesquelles il est possible de les poser, ainsi qu'une surface externe verticale (18) et une surface interne (19) en biais, l'épaisseur inférieure (D) des éléments gondolés (15, 16) servant à la circulation étant plus importante que l'épaisseur supérieure (d), et ont de plus une surface horizontale supérieure (20), comportant une élidation centrale (21).
  10. Un four d'incinération, d'après la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en cela, que l'élidation centrale (21) se rétrécit vers le bas sous la forme d'un cône et se prolonge en biais vers le bas en direction du raccord des gas de combustion.
EP96900081A 1996-01-01 1996-01-01 Four a combustion avec canalisation d'air secondaire, en particulier chaudiere a combustion par le bas Expired - Lifetime EP0871839B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT96900081T ATE187236T1 (de) 1996-01-01 1996-01-01 Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE1996/000002 WO1997024556A1 (fr) 1996-01-01 1996-01-01 Four a combustion avec canalisation d'air secondaire, en particulier chaudiere a combustion par le bas

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0871839A1 EP0871839A1 (fr) 1998-10-21
EP0871839B1 true EP0871839B1 (fr) 1999-12-01

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EP96900081A Expired - Lifetime EP0871839B1 (fr) 1996-01-01 1996-01-01 Four a combustion avec canalisation d'air secondaire, en particulier chaudiere a combustion par le bas

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EP (1) EP0871839B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4327096A (fr)
DE (2) DE19681185D2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997024556A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2975322A1 (fr) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-20 swissphlox gmbh Dispositif de combustion de combustibles fixes
PL235688B1 (pl) * 2018-03-15 2020-10-05 Defro Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spolka Komandytowa Dysza redukująca emisję spalin kotła na paliwo stałe dolnego spalania oraz kocioł centralnego ogrzewania na paliwo stałe dolnego spalania z taką dyszą

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7633758U1 (de) * 1975-11-28 1977-08-04 (Oesterreich) Ofen
DE3218334C2 (de) * 1982-05-14 1984-02-16 Michael 8069 Gerolsbach Maurer Heizvorrichtung
DE3524962A1 (de) * 1985-07-12 1987-01-22 Karl Ackermann Verbrennungsofen
CH678652A5 (fr) * 1989-04-28 1991-10-15 Heitzmann Ag
DE9418396U1 (de) * 1994-11-17 1995-02-02 Ackermann, Karl, 84323 Massing Verbrennungsofen mit Sekundärluftführung, insbesondere Unterbrand-Heizkessel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1997024556A1 (fr) 1997-07-10
DE59603810D1 (de) 2000-01-05
AU4327096A (en) 1997-07-28
EP0871839A1 (fr) 1998-10-21
DE19681185D2 (de) 1999-01-28

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