EP0860183B1 - Verfahren und System zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen - Google Patents

Verfahren und System zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0860183B1
EP0860183B1 EP98102829A EP98102829A EP0860183B1 EP 0860183 B1 EP0860183 B1 EP 0860183B1 EP 98102829 A EP98102829 A EP 98102829A EP 98102829 A EP98102829 A EP 98102829A EP 0860183 B1 EP0860183 B1 EP 0860183B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chlorine
treatable material
removal agent
sulfur
sodium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98102829A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0860183A2 (de
EP0860183A3 (de
Inventor
Yoshiyuki Kashiwagi
Haruhisa Ishigaki
Nobuyuki Yoshioka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Meidensha Corp
Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Meidensha Corp
Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP9038728A external-priority patent/JPH10235148A/ja
Priority claimed from JP9038729A external-priority patent/JPH10235149A/ja
Priority claimed from JP9038726A external-priority patent/JPH10235147A/ja
Priority claimed from JP9038737A external-priority patent/JPH10235311A/ja
Priority claimed from JP9160914A external-priority patent/JPH119939A/ja
Priority claimed from JP9160911A external-priority patent/JPH119938A/ja
Priority claimed from JP9265993A external-priority patent/JPH11101417A/ja
Application filed by Meidensha Corp, Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Meidensha Corp
Publication of EP0860183A2 publication Critical patent/EP0860183A2/de
Publication of EP0860183A3 publication Critical patent/EP0860183A3/de
Publication of EP0860183B1 publication Critical patent/EP0860183B1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
    • A62D3/34—Dehalogenation using reactive chemical agents able to degrade
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/40—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by heating to effect chemical change, e.g. pyrolysis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
    • A62D2101/47—Inorganic substances containing oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium, i.e. chalcogen

Definitions

  • chlorine-containing compound and chlorine component in the treatable material can be converted into sodium or potassium chloride and water, and therefore hydrogen chloride forming part of a source of dioxin cannot be formed thereby realizing the unexpected results of making both emitted gas and residue harmless.
  • the thermal treatment or heating of the mixture in the thermal treatment furnace 2 is accomplished within temperature and time ranges to cover the temperature and time of generation of HCl gas and SOx gas from the treatable material, the temperature (for example, 600 °C) and time (for example, 1 hour) having been determined under a previous investigation.
  • These temperature and time are in relation to a condition (such as the size and the heating coil) of the thermal treatment furnace, the treatment amount of the treatable material, the treatment time of the thermal treatment of the treatable material, the treatment temperature of the thermal treatment of the treatable material. Therefore, the above temperature and time are required to be previously determined under a sufficient investigation and to accumulate the data to be taken for the temperature and time.
  • the chlorine removal agent sodium hydrogen carbonate
  • the chlorine removal agent was in the form of powder having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m, in all Examples
  • the thus sealed tank was stepwise heated with a heating coil, in which heating was made at eight temperature steps of 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C, 400 °C, 450 °C, 500 °C, 550 °C, 600 °C.
  • the temperature at each of the eight steps was kept for 5 minutes, in which a concentration of HCl gas and a concentration of SO 2 in the tank was measured at each temperature rising time (at which the temperature was rising from one temperature step to the next temperature step) and at each temperature keeping time (at which the temperature at each temperature step was keeping).
  • the temperature rising time is indicated as "Rising time” while the temperature keeping time is indicated as "Keeping time” in Tables 1 and 2.
  • the temperature for heating the mixture of the treatable material and the chlorine removal agent may be selected according to form of facilities for accomplish the thermal treatment, time of the thermal treatment, amount of the treatable material and the like.
  • sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO 3 ), sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), sodium sesqui carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 • NaHCO 3 • 2H 2 O), natural soda (containing Na 2 CO 3 • NaHCO 3 • 2H 2 O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ), and potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO 3 ) can react with noxious HCl thereby to convert HCl into harmless chloride (NaCl and KCl) according to reaction formulae discussed before. It will be understood that sodium potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate hydrate can also react with noxious HCl similarly to the above.
  • chlorine-containing compound and chlorine component in the treatable material can be converted into sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ), and therefore hydrogen chloride forming part of a source of dioxin cannot be formed thereby realizing the unexpected result of making both emitted gas and residue harmless.
  • NaOH or KOH smoothly reacts with SO2 thereby to newly form harmless sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 , K 2 SO 3 ).
  • sulfur-containing compound and sulfur component in the treatable material can be converted into sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 ) in powder form, and potassium sulfite (K 2 SO 3 ) in powder form, water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ), and therefore SOx gas can be prevented from generation thus realizing the unexpected result of making both emitted gas and residue harmless.
  • noxious hydrogen chloride and/or sulfur oxide are converted into harmless chloride (NaCl, KCl) and/or sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 , K 2 SO 3 ), thereby making it possible to remove noxious components (hydrogen chloride and/or sulfur oxide) from the decomposition gas generated from the treatable material upon heating.
  • the decomposition gas or emitted gas from the furnace can be effectively made harmless.
  • the chloride and/or sulfite form part of the residue and can be effectively removed under a rinsing or dissolving treatment with water or the like.
  • the residual materials can be separated into respective materials which are different in characteristics by any separating means.
  • the separated respective materials are dried and massed to be usable as fuel or the like.
  • liquid (such as water) used for the above rinsing treatment hardly contains no noxious substances and therefore can be discharged as it is to a river and the sea.

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  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Hardware Redundancy (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Verfahren zum Entfernen von Chlor oder Schwefel oder beiden aus einem zu behandelnden Material, das Chlor oder Schwefel oder beide enthält, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte in der angegebenen Reihenfolge aufweist:
    Mischen des zu behandelnden Materials und eines Mittels zum Entfernen von Chlor und Schwefel unter Bildung einer Mischung, wobei das Mittel zum Entfernen von Chlor und Schwefel wenigstens eine Verbindung aus der Gruppe enthält, die aus einer Natriumverbindung und einer Kaliumverbindung besteht; und
    Zuführen der Mischung in einen Ofen;
    Rühren und Erhitzen der Mischung in einer Atmosphäre mit niedriger Sauerstoffkonzentration in dem Ofen, um das zu behandelnde Material thermisch zu zersetzen, um eine chlor- oder schwefelhaltige Substanz oder beide zu erzeugen und die chlor- oder schwefelhaltige Substanz oder beide mit dem Mittel zum Entfernen von Chlor und Schwefel in Kontakt kommen und reagieren zu lassen, um unschädliches Chlorid oder Sulfit oder beides zu bilden.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem Chlor aus einem zu behandelnden, chlorhaltigen Material entfernt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem das Mittel zum Entfernen wenigstens eine Verbindung aus der Gruppe enthält, die aus Natrium- und Kaliumcarbonat, -hydrogencarbonat und -hydroxid besteht.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem das Mittel zum Entfernen wenigstens eine Verbindung aus der Gruppe enthält, die aus Natriumhydrogencarbonat, Natriumcarbonat, Natriumsesquicarbonat, Natursoda, Natriumhydroxid, Kaliumhydroxid, Kaliumcarbonat, Kaliumhydrogencarbonat und Kaliumnatriumcarbonat besteht.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem der Heizschritt den Schritt des Erhitzens der Mischung in einem Ofen einschließt, der im wesentlichen abgedichtet ist, um zu verhindern, daß Frischluft dem Ofen zugeführt wird, indem ein Druck im Ofen aus dem Ofen austritt.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem der Heizschritt den Schritt des Erhitzens der Mischung einschließt, um das zu behandelnde Material zu dessen Trockendestillation zu veranlassen.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem das Material zum Entfernen wenigstens eine der Formen aus der Gruppe aufweist, die aus Masse, Platte, porösem Körper, Teilchen, Lösung und Suspension besteht.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem das zu behandelnde Material wenigstens eines aus der Gruppe ist, die aus Polyvinylchlorid, Polyvinylidenchlorid, einem synthetischen, chlorhaltigen Harz und einem chlorhaltigen Kautschuk besteht.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem das Material zum Entfernen in dem Mischschritt in einer Menge im Bereich von 0,05 bis 10 Gew.-% vorliegt, bezogen auf das zu behandelnde Material zum Zeitpunkt vor dem Mischschritt.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem das Mittel zum Entfernen in dem Mischschritt in einer Menge im Bereich von 10 bis 70 Gew.-% vorliegt, bezogen auf das zu behandelnde Material, sofern das zu behandelnde Material wenigstens eines aus der Gruppe ist, die aus Polyvinylchlorid, Polyvinylidenchlorid, einem synthetischen, chlorhaltigen Harz und einem chlorhaltigen Kautschuk besteht.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem das Mittel zum Entfernen in dem Mischschritt in einer Menge nicht unter einem chemischen Äquivalent des Chlors vorliegt, das aus dem zu behandelnden Material freizusetzen ist.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, das außerdem den Schritt der Zugabe des Mittels zum Entfernen zu der Mischung in dem Heizschritt aufweist.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, bei dem die Zugabe des Mittels zum Entfernen zu der Mischung erfolgt, bevor die Temperatur des zu behandelnden Materials eine Höhe erreicht, bei der eine thermische Zersetzung des zu behandelnden Materials stattfindet.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, bei dem die Zugabe des Mittels zum Entfernen zu der Mischung erfolgt, nachdem die Temperatur des zu behandelnden Materials eine Höhe erreicht hat, bei der eine thermische Zersetzung des zu behandelnden Materials stattfindet.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem außerdem die Zuführung des Mittels zum Entfernen zu dem zu behandelnden Material in einem Ofen durch Gießen und/oder Sprühen erfolgt.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem im Heizschritt das Erhitzen des zu behandelnden Materials auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 200 bis 1000°C erfolgt.
  17. System zum Entfernen von Chlor oder Schwefel oder beiden aus einem zu behandelnden Material, das Chlor oder Schwefel oder beide enthält, mit:
    einer Vorrichtung zum Mischen des zu behandelnden Materials und eines Mittels zum Entfernen von Chlor und Schwefel unter Bildung einer Mischung, wobei das Mittel zum Entfernen von Chlor und Schwefel wenigstens eine Verbindung aus der Gruppe enthält, die aus einer Natriumverbindung und einer Kaliumverbindung besteht;
    einem Ofen, dem die Mischung aus dem zu behandelnden Material und dem Mittel zum Entfernen von Chlor und Schwefel zugeführt wird, wobei der Ofen so angepaßt ist, um eine Atmosphäre mit niedriger Sauerstoffkonzentration darin zu bilden, und mit einem rotierenden Transportmittel ausgestattet ist; und
    einer Heizeinrichtung zum Heizen der Mischung in der Atmosphäre mit niedriger Sauerstoffkonzentration in dem Ofen, um das zu behandelnde Material thermisch zu zersetzen, so daß eine Trockendestillation des zu behandelnden Materials durchgeführt wird, bei der die Mischung eine chlor- oder schwefelhaltige Substanz oder beide erzeugt und die chlor- oder schwefelhaltige Substanz oder beide mit dem Mittel zum Entfernen von Chlor und Schwefel in Kontakt und zur Reaktion gebracht wird, um unschädliches Chlorid oder Sulfit oder beides zu bilden.
  18. System nach Anspruch 17, bei dem das Mittel zum Entfernen von Chlor und Schwefel wenigstens eine Verbindung aus der Gruppe enthält, die aus Natrium- und Kaliumcarbonat, -hydrogencarbonat und -hydroxid besteht.
  19. System nach Anspruch 17, bei dem das Mittel zum Entfernen von Chlor und Schwefel wenigstens eine Verbindung aus der Gruppe enthält, die aus Natriumhydrogencarbonat, Natriumcarbonat, Natriumsesquicarbonat, Natursoda, Natriumhydroxid, Kaliumhydroxid, Kaliumcarbonat, Kaliumhydrogencarbonat und Kaliumnatriumcarbonat besteht.
EP98102829A 1997-02-24 1998-02-18 Verfahren und System zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen Expired - Lifetime EP0860183B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (21)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3872897 1997-02-24
JP38737/97 1997-02-24
JP38728/97 1997-02-24
JP9038728A JPH10235148A (ja) 1997-02-24 1997-02-24 脱塩素処理方法
JP3873797 1997-02-24
JP3872697 1997-02-24
JP38729/97 1997-02-24
JP38726/97 1997-02-24
JP9038737A JPH10235311A (ja) 1997-02-24 1997-02-24 塩化ビニル系物質の脱塩素処理方法
JP9038726A JPH10235147A (ja) 1997-02-24 1997-02-24 脱塩素処理方法
JP3872997 1997-02-24
JP9038729A JPH10235149A (ja) 1997-02-24 1997-02-24 塩化ビニル系物質の脱塩素処理方法
JP9160914A JPH119939A (ja) 1997-06-18 1997-06-18 塩化ビニル系物質の脱塩素処理方法
JP16091497 1997-06-18
JP160914/97 1997-06-18
JP16091197 1997-06-18
JP160911/97 1997-06-18
JP9160911A JPH119938A (ja) 1997-06-18 1997-06-18 脱塩素処理方法
JP9265993A JPH11101417A (ja) 1997-09-30 1997-09-30 有害ガスの発生防止方法
JP265993/97 1997-09-30
JP26599397 1997-09-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0860183A2 EP0860183A2 (de) 1998-08-26
EP0860183A3 EP0860183A3 (de) 1999-01-20
EP0860183B1 true EP0860183B1 (de) 2002-11-13

Family

ID=27564474

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98102829A Expired - Lifetime EP0860183B1 (de) 1997-02-24 1998-02-18 Verfahren und System zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0860183B1 (de)
KR (1) KR100341551B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1095687C (de)
AT (1) ATE227598T1 (de)
AU (1) AU714634B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69809310T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0860183T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2186931T3 (de)
MY (1) MY121329A (de)
NO (1) NO316905B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101597387B (zh) * 2009-05-22 2011-12-07 上海岚淼水处理科技有限公司 用于工业水处理的多糖纳米除氯剂的制备方法
US9440218B2 (en) * 2013-06-13 2016-09-13 Clariant Corporation Methods and active materials for reducing halide concentration in gas streams
CN104971609B (zh) * 2015-07-22 2017-04-05 南京格洛特环境工程股份有限公司 一种氟化氢废气治理及资源化利用的方法及设备
CN108339365B (zh) * 2017-01-24 2020-09-25 内蒙古大学 一种用于控制化工工业废气排放的装置及方法
CN109001007A (zh) * 2018-08-22 2018-12-14 汉能新材料科技有限公司 一种物料的处理方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4938936A (en) * 1988-09-01 1990-07-03 Mobil Oil Corporation Hydrogen fluoride vapor containment and neutralization
DE3839799A1 (de) * 1988-11-25 1990-07-05 Rwe Entsorgung Ag Verfahren zur aufarbeitung kontaminierter oele
US5039350A (en) * 1990-04-27 1991-08-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The Environmental Protection Agency Method for the decomposition of halogenated organic compounds in a contaminated medium
US5064526A (en) * 1990-04-27 1991-11-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The Environmental Protection Agency Method for the base-catalyzed decomposition of halogenated and non-halogenated organic compounds in a contaminated medium
JP3288164B2 (ja) * 1993-12-28 2002-06-04 株式会社東芝 廃プラスチックの熱分解装置
JP3213134B2 (ja) * 1993-09-13 2001-10-02 株式会社東芝 加熱油化方法及びその装置
JPH06179877A (ja) * 1991-12-20 1994-06-28 Toshiba Corp 廃プラスチックの熱分解方法及び装置
CA2159521C (en) * 1994-10-07 1999-11-09 Shigeo Iiyama Method for desulfurizing exhaust gas
NO308831B1 (no) * 1995-03-22 2000-11-06 Nkt Res Ct As FremgangsmÕte for behandling av halogenholdig avfallsmateriale

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0860183T3 (da) 2003-03-10
CN1197685A (zh) 1998-11-04
AU5632998A (en) 1998-08-27
ES2186931T3 (es) 2003-05-16
EP0860183A2 (de) 1998-08-26
KR100341551B1 (ko) 2002-08-22
NO980758L (no) 1998-08-25
DE69809310D1 (de) 2002-12-19
EP0860183A3 (de) 1999-01-20
KR19980071609A (ko) 1998-10-26
NO316905B1 (no) 2004-06-21
CN1095687C (zh) 2002-12-11
AU714634B2 (en) 2000-01-06
ATE227598T1 (de) 2002-11-15
DE69809310T2 (de) 2003-03-20
NO980758D0 (no) 1998-02-23
MY121329A (en) 2006-01-28

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