EP0852674B1 - Mikromotor und mikropumpe - Google Patents
Mikromotor und mikropumpe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0852674B1 EP0852674B1 EP96938952A EP96938952A EP0852674B1 EP 0852674 B1 EP0852674 B1 EP 0852674B1 EP 96938952 A EP96938952 A EP 96938952A EP 96938952 A EP96938952 A EP 96938952A EP 0852674 B1 EP0852674 B1 EP 0852674B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- axis
- micropump
- pump
- micromotor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
- F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
- F04C2/10—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
- F04C2/102—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member the two members rotating simultaneously around their respective axes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C13/00—Adaptations of machines or pumps for special use, e.g. for extremely high pressures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2250/00—Geometry
- F04C2250/10—Geometry of the inlet or outlet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49236—Fluid pump or compressor making
- Y10T29/49242—Screw or gear type, e.g., Moineau type
Definitions
- micropump the smallest size pumps and motors, hereinafter referred to as micropump or micromotor, whereby these terms are understood to mean orders of magnitude that are in the diameter range below 10 mm, in particular below 3 mm.
- Such pumps can be used in a variety of ways in technical and medical fields, for example in microsystem technology in dosing devices, in medical technology as a drive for a micro-milling cutter or as a blood flow support pump.
- Miniaturized micropumps are described in Patent Abstracts of Japan, for example JP-A 2027 181 (Tatsuno Hiyoshi).
- the miniaturized and amplified pump described there works with a superconducting magnet and has a first gear that is in meshing engagement with a second gear.
- a crescent-shaped wall is provided on approximately 180 ° of the circumferential surface, the two gears being spaced apart from one another, the central axes of the two gears being offset parallel to one another. Nevertheless, the two meshing gears do not work in such a way that axial sealing lines are continuously formed between them to seal the delivery chambers.
- An inner wheel is provided which is in meshing engagement with an outer wheel, but the outer wheel is not rotatable, but is fixedly connected to the sleeve and the inner wheel is only eccentrically mounted on the shaft by an eccentric (there is reference number 2 there) but the axis of rotation of the shaft is not offset from the axis of the sleeve.
- the object of the invention is to provide a micropump or such a motor with a minimal overall volume.
- the aim is to achieve a continuous flow of the fluid to be pumped (in the pump) and at the same time to provide a high delivery rate or a high delivery pressure.
- the pressure opening can consist of several circumferentially spaced individual openings (Holes) exist, it can consist of an opening (hole) and it can from an opening (hole) together with one on the inside of the outlet insert provided kidney-shaped collecting groove are formed (claim 3).
- the advantage of the pumps according to the invention lies in their simple construction despite their almost unimaginably far-reaching miniaturization (claim 9), the Assembling the micropump using an assembly or manufacturing process (Claim 13) can be done in which the largely cylindrical parts in uniaxial Towards each other.
- the two front insert parts come in inserted in the axial direction - lying on both ends of the sleeve casing, while between them are also inserted in the (same) axis direction Bear meshing wheels (inner wheel and outer wheel) axially.
- the pump of the invention is driven e.g. on an extended piece the axis or shaft of the inner rotor (claim 6) or radially purely on the sleeve mechanical or electromechanical way (claim 7).
- electromechanical drive can be used for the most extensive miniaturization e.g. the outer wheel or the sleeve have integrated magnets to act as a rotor Serve synchronous drive, the radially outer sleeve the electromagnetic fields can pass through.
- a motor for driving the pump mentioned is also very small Construction from, where he provides high power density and even one has a favorable characteristic curve (torque versus speed). At not too high Speeds, the engine reaches a torque with which a pump without a gearbox can be driven.
- the drive energy of the engine is made from a fluid Generates electricity that runs through the meshing wheels (inner wheel and outer wheel) and on discharge end is released into the environment.
- the drive fluid passes through a supply hose or connector that on the sleeve of the insert or on Insert part itself can be fixedly attached (claim 10).
- the attachment of the supply hose implies that the diameter of the Feed hose is about the size of the diameter of the micromotor, which in Claim 12 is circumscribed.
- the fluidic drive medium can simultaneously serve as a cooling medium, lubricant, Serve flushing medium and storage liquid.
- the motor (claim 10) is constructed with the same components as the pump (Claim 1), only other functional elements are each fixed or rotatable connected with each other.
- the motor and for the pump there is a uniaxial Inserting one another (claim 13) of the above-mentioned functional elements Possibilities to implement them, depending on which part is fixed on which is which part is rotatable relative to which and with which part the Arrangement is supported at a fixed point.
- the support location When driving with a feed hose the support location will be the supply hose itself.
- an elongated drive shaft is used.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sketch of a micropump 1 which is of an order of magnitude of less than 10 mm in diameter, but which, in particular, can be reduced to orders of magnitude which are less than 2.5 mm in diameter using the wire and die-sinking EDM method.
- the length of the pump is only about 4 mm, measured in the axial direction 100.
- the micropump 1 consists of a sleeve 60, partially in the five functional elements are movable and partially permanently integrated, whereby in the case of "fixed integration" Functional elements that do not move relative to each other or their Function a fixed connection also requires can consist of a part, if this allows manufacturing.
- the holes are aligned along a first axis 100, which is slightly radially outward with respect to the central axis 101 of the sleeve 60 is offset.
- the two end inserts 41, 42 are axially spaced and there are two between them rotors intermeshed and intermeshed Outer rotor part 30 and an inner rotor part 20.
- the inner rotor 20 has an exterior directed, circumferentially evenly spaced teeth.
- the teeth mesh with the outer rotor part 30, the inwardly open longitudinal grooves 30a, 30b, ... has, which are circumferentially evenly spaced and in shape to the Teeth of the inner rotor 20 fit so that each tooth of the inner rotor at its meshing rotary movement an axially directed sealing line on the Forms inner surface of the associated groove 30a, 30b, ... of the outer wheel 30.
- All sealing lines move in the drive direction A about the axis 100, the between each Two sealing lines defined delivery or pump chambers 20a, 30a; 20b, 30b (etc.) during the rotational movement towards the outlet bore 42n in its in FIGS. 3a to 3c reduce the volume shown, on one half of the pump, and on the opposite half steadily increase to a repetitive Cycle from minimum to maximum chamber volume and back.
- the inner wheel 20 together with the drive axle 50 describes one Rotational motion
- a drive can drive a longer flexible shaft Engage rotary movement A
- an electric drive can also be directly on the axis 50 may be arranged.
- FIG. 1a An example of the definition of fixed border zones (closely adjacent areas of two adjacent parts of the pump) is shown in Figure 1a. hatching indicate a fixed (non-rotatable) border zone that the other border zones allow a rotating movement of the adjacent parts.
- the fixed border zones can e.g. be made by gluing.
- the chamber volumes are in the direction of the smallest distance Axis 100 of the axis of rotation 50 from the sleeve 60 each smaller, which means that in them pumped liquid is put under increased pressure while it is on the other side after exceeding the smallest distance between axis 100 and Enlarge the inner surface 61 of the sleeve 60 again.
- kidney-shaped openings 41 n, 42n in the end faces 41, 42 which are so are arranged so that their smallest radial width begins at the place where the distance between the axis 100 and the inner jacket 61 of the sleeve 60 am is the smallest, while its maximum radial latitude is at the location that is close the greatest distance from axis 100 to the inner lateral surface 61 of the sleeve 60 a feed pump is obtained.
- the inflow kidney 41 n located on the side the inflow of the liquid to be delivered V 'is in the opposite direction of the outflow kidney 42n mounted in the above-mentioned FIG. 1a at the outflow location of the pumped volume V is shown.
- Figure 1a shows on the outflow side an outflow kidney 42n, which is shown in FIG Direction of rotation A of the pump from the smallest distance between axis 100 and the largest
- the distance of the axis 100 from the inner circumferential surface 61 is widened radially, while the inflow kidney 41 n is in the end insert 41 and with it greatest radial width from the location of the greatest distance of the axis 100 to the inner Shell surface 61 of the sleeve 60 to the smallest distance of the axis 100 from the inner
- the lateral surface 61 of the sleeve 60 is reduced in its radial extent.
- the two kidneys can also be introduced as curved grooves 41k, 42k in the inner flat wall of the end faces, in which case a cylindrical bore 41b, 42b is provided as an outlet and an inlet in the axial direction of the pump. This increases the stability, which is not unimportant given the small component sizes. Different possibilities of the inlet kidney and outlet kidney are shown in FIG .
- a one-off production of only six (or fewer) components Pump is advantageously possible with the wire and sink erosion mentioned, all Pump parts with cylinder coordinates can be adequately described, which for the Manufacturing means that a dimension does not require any additional processing.
- the End inserts 41 and 42 can be manufactured with wire erosion.
- the axis 50 is anyway cylindrical, the inner rotor 20 can also be manufactured with wire erosion, just like the Outer rotor 30.
- the sleeve 60 is also a pump component, which Wire EDM can be manufactured.
- kidney-shaped inlet and outlet grooves 41k, 42k in the Manufactured on the inside of the end inserts 41, 42, this can be the erosion be used.
- Cheaper in from a medical point of view is a ceramic material, but only in larger quantities is processable and not so for the production of individual functional samples suitable is. If the erosion processes are used, then electrical Conductivity of the material is considered, a ceramic injection molding process used - with shapes that e.g. be produced by wire and die erosion can - the electrical conductivity of the micropump material is no longer required. With large quantities, plastic, metal or ceramic injection molding processes can be used come into use.
- Pump 1 can easily be used in medical applications such as catheters use.
- the drive A mentioned can by a thin, bendable shaft be made.
- the micropump can also be driven by a Liquid driven motor 2 can be achieved, which is manufactured in the same way, has the same appearance as the pump 1 described, only for the motor 2 fluidic drive through the inflow kidney 41 n with a hose SH selected to the the forehead insert 41 is fixed ( Figures 2.2a).
- the sleeve 60 in the fluidic micromotor 2 is fixedly attached to the outer wheel 30 - for example by gluing or a snug fit or by a welded or soldered connection the sleeve 60 rotated and its output force A 'as the driving force A on the pump 1st transfer.
- the output A 'of Figure 2a is mechanically rigid to the Drive axis 50 of the pump 1 of Figure 1 a coupled.
- the pump 1 can also be driven via the sleeve 60 instead of via the shaft 50 with the direction of rotation A, as is shown in FIGS. 7c and 7d using examples. It is also possible to reverse the drive direction in order to then also achieve the delivery effect of the micropump in a delivery direction from V to V.
- border zones are shown hatched, which a fixed (for example adhesive or interlocking) connection, while those interfaces rotatable between two components that have no hatching are against each other.
- the two end inserts 41, 42 are rigid (Fixed) connected to the sleeve 60 on the inner jacket 61.
- these border zones are designed to be rotatable.
- FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c Further possibilities for motor 2 result from FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c; Further Possibilities for pumps result from FIGS. 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d.
- FIG. 6a shows a fluidic motor which receives drive fluid V via a hose SH.
- the hose is firmly attached in an axis 101 to the end insert 41 (base support or base part).
- the base carrier 1 does not rotate, instead the inner wheel 20 and outer wheel 30 rotate, the latter taking the sleeve 60 with them.
- the hose SH is, for example, mechanically immovably supported at position 44.
- the structure of FIG. 6a corresponds to that of FIG. 2a, in which the hose SH has not yet been shown.
- the base part 41 is axially extended for attaching the hose SH in order to obtain an easy plug-on possibility.
- the diameter of the hose and base part is accordingly the same, the hose for supplying the fluid V accordingly has an order of magnitude in the diameter direction which corresponds to that of the motor 2.
- the output and thus the driving force takes place via the sleeve 60; the axis of rotation is accordingly the sleeve axis 101.
- the hose SH is firmly supported in relation to the environment, indicated schematically by the reference number 51.
- the fixed support can also be provided by the inherent rigidity of the hose SH, without a fixed support being required directly on the motor 2.
- the hose SH is plugged onto the sleeve 60 here, the output takes place via the axis 50, the axis of rotation being the axis 100.
- the axis 50 is extended in the axial direction for this embodiment in order to mechanically couple the output.
- the hose SH is also coupled to the sleeve 60, alternatively to an end insert 41 which is extended towards the rear.
- the output takes place here via an axially extended cover 42, which is the second end insert on the front end of the pump 2.
- the axis of rotation is the axis 101 (sleeve axis), the axis 50 wobbles slightly, ie the axis of rotation 100 moves on a circular path.
- FIG. 7 a corresponds to the pump variant of FIG. 1 a, a shaft 58 being provided which applies a rotary coupling d to the axially elongated axis 50.
- the axis of rotation is 100 (axis of the shaft 50), the sleeve 60 stands still and is mechanically rigidly coupled at 51. 7a, the inner wheel 20 and outer wheel 30 rotate in the sleeve 60. Rigid in the sleeve 60 are the two end inserts 41 and 42, which do not have to be lengthened axially.
- FIG. 7b shows a coil arrangement 63 which couples an electromagnetic field into the pump 1.
- the rotor of this example designed as a synchronous motor is the outer wheel 30, which can be designed, for example, as a permanent magnet.
- the sleeve 60 must be arranged in a fixed manner and at the same time allow electromagnetic fields to pass through, for example, be made of plastic or ceramic.
- the outer wheel 30 and the inner wheel 20 in the sleeve 60 can be rotated in FIG. 7b.
- the bearings of the two rotors 20, 30 in the end inserts 41, 42, which in turn are firmly attached to the Sleeve 60 are arranged.
- the axis of rotation for the outer wheel 30 is the sleeve axis 101, the axis of rotation is the axis 100 of the axis of rotation 50.
- the inlet 41n and the outlet 42n are immovable in the circumferential direction and thus at a radially defined point.
- FIG. 7c illustrates a mechanical way of driving via a pinion or drive wheel 63a, which engages the sleeve 60 substantially without slip.
- the axis of rotation of the arrangement is the sleeve axis 101.
- the end-face insert 41 stands still and is extended in the axial direction for mechanical fastening 44.
- the outer wheel 30 is arranged fixed on the sleeve 60 and its inner casing 61.
- the inner wheel is rotatably mounted on the axle 50, while the axle 50 itself is arranged in a rotationally rigid manner on the two end inserts 41, 42, which in turn are rotatably supported on the inner jacket 61 of the sleeve 60.
- FIG. 5 in which a circumferential cylinder ring 63a was used as the drive wheel or pinion.
- FIG. 7d illustrates the drive on the axially elongated end insert 41 with an alternative drive wheel or pinion 63b, the sleeve being mechanically firmly anchored at 51.
- the axis of rotation is the sleeve axis 101, the axis 50 wobbles slightly, ie the axis of rotation 100 of the axis 50 moves on a circular path.
- Figures 3 delimit individual production chambers between themselves, which are on one half side of the pump (suction side) and on the opposite half side of reduce to a maximum (pressure side) is still in a side view in FIG once visible.
- the sleeve 60 carries the two end inserts 41, 42 concentrically and between the end inserts 41, 42, the rotors 20 and 30 are shown, which in the Figures 3 were shown to define the sealing lines in supervision.
- the in the Figures 3 schematically shown inlet kidney 41 k and outlet kidney 42k are in the Figure 4 rotated in the sectional plane, so that it can be seen that they go directly to the Guide the outer end faces of the rotor parts 20,30.
- the liquid is rotated by a Pumped displacement piston 30/20, which rotates its chamber volumes like this changed that liquid is continuously sucked through the inlet 41 n and on the Outlet side 42n can be continuously ejected.
- a Pumped displacement piston 30/20 which rotates its chamber volumes like this changed that liquid is continuously sucked through the inlet 41 n and on the Outlet side 42n can be continuously ejected.
- the invention also the reverse operation as a fluidic motor.
- the systems proposed here are due to the fluidic energy transfer characterized by a high power to weight ratio, high pressures that can be generated, high Output torques and high flow rates.
- the wire erosion and die erosion processes can be used as prototypical implementations for the production of such motor / pump systems.
- the eroding processes can be used directly for the production of prototypes of micropumps / motors, on the other hand, molds and tools for the production of parts according to alternative manufacturing processes (ceramics, metal, plastic) can be mass-produced.
- the alternative manufacturing processes mentioned for the production of the motor and pump individual parts can be extrusion, fine sintering, injection molding or die casting. Other manufacturing processes, such as the LIGA process, also appear to be suitable.
- the contour of the wheels 20, 30 is the equidistant of an epi- or hypocycloid and is calculated using a generally known approach.
- the inner wheel 20 is firmly connected to the axis 50 according to FIG. 2a.
- cover 42 and base support 41 are firmly connected to one another via sleeve 60.
- the connections can be in the form of an adhesive connection, a press fit, a welded or soldered connection, etc.
- the pump 1 is driven by rotating the axis 50, for. B. by an electric micromotor, a fluidically driven micromotor 2 according to FIG. 2a or by a flexible shaft 58 according to FIG . 7a .
- liquid is pumped from the base part 41 to the cover 42 or vice versa.
- the base part 41 and cover 42 are fixed to the Axis 50 connected.
- the outer wheel 30 is connected to the sleeve 60.
- the sleeve 60 (output) rotates about its axis 101 Fluid leaves the micromotor on the drain side with less pressure than on the Inflow.
- the pressure difference minus losses is converted into mechanical energy converted. Reversing the pressure and drain sides causes a reversal the direction of rotation A 'of the motor.
- the function of the micropump 1 and the micromotor 2 is based on the Displacement principle.
- the work spaces 20a, 20b enlarge and contract cyclically, as explained in FIGS. 3.
- a fluid flows under high pressure into the enlarging one Work space and causes by the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet Torque to the wheels 20.30.
- the wheels of the micropump 1 are 20, 30 driven.
- the fluid is sucked in by the expanding work space and brought to a higher pressure level in the shrinking work space.
- the micropump 1 is driven with the aid of a small electric motor or the fluidic micromotor 2. Further drive options are given by corresponding waves.
- the inlet and outlet take place in the fluidic micropump 1 and in the micromotor 2 in the direction of the axis of rotation 50.
- This has the background that the motor at the same time as Carrier can serve one tool and then the fluid supply from the other Side is done.
- This construction for the pump and motor is for medical applications coordinated and enables a very small cross-section.
- the fluidic micromotor 2 is an open system.
- the Drive medium (fluid) freely exits the outlet 42n into the working environment. Since that If the system is not encapsulated, the leakage losses also occur at the bearing points freely into the work environment.
- the term "open system" is closely based the above construction with very few parts.
- Known embodiments encapsulate the entire system, whether motor or pump due to the use of oil as an energy source. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the Drive medium or the pumped fluid can be released into the environment. In medical systems, this allows the tool and tool to be cooled Flushing the processing point, which is also the case with technical systems (e.g. Drilling tool etc.) can be used.
- the open structure allows the Execution of simple hydrodynamic bearings, base part sleeve and cover sleeve.
- the sleeve 60 of the micromotor 2 is supported by the bearing consisting of Base part 41 and cover 42, from. Conventional systems are usually based on this surrounding housing. There is a closed one in the latter Power flow. In the proposed engine 2, there is a fixed connection between the So-called base part 41 and the cover 42 on the axis 50, the two parts firmly and rigidly connects to each other.
- the anti-rotation device of the base part 41 and the cover 42 as well as that of them connecting axis 50 takes place by means of axle flattening and / or adhesive securing.
- Other joining techniques welding, soldering, shrink connection by heating the sleeve and cooling of the lid and base are also possible.
- the pump direction is reversed by simply reversing the direction of rotation of the drive.
- the special construction according to FIG. 1a of the micropump and according to FIG. 2a of the micromotor permits both operation as a motor and operation as a pump if the system is driven externally when the pump function is active (shaft in FIG. 1a and sleeve in FIG. 2a) becomes.
- the sleeve 60 of the micromotor can be used directly as a tool holder. example this can be a milling tool. This tool is hollow on the inside and has one Integrated flushing, which can be used for cooling or chip removal.
- the systems can be equipped with an optical fiber for speed detection or control be expanded.
- the rotating teeth 20a, 20b on one Point scanned so that both rotational speed and angle of rotation can be recorded incrementally.
- the micromotor 2 is intended in particular for medical applications. there it can be used as a carrier for cutting tools, milling tools, sensors (in particular Ultrasonic sensors, mirrors, etc.), actuators for endoscopes and others moving medical instruments are used.
- the micromotor points at the Application in medical systems benefits regarding its body-friendly Drive medium on; no electrical components are used in your Use generate electromagnetic fields and thus negative effects e.g. on nerve conduction, etc. to have; have hydraulic components highest power densities and thus lead to the smallest sizes.
- the fluidic micromotor and micropump are easy to close due to their design clean and sterilize if necessary and are therefore good for use in medicine suitable.
- the Components are manufactured with a relatively large game, which is the use of allows inexpensive production technologies such as injection molding. These systems can then be used as single-use items.
- the drive medium (fluid) can be used as cooling, lubrication or Flushing can be used.
- the openings on the inlet and outlet sides can be designed in various forms as shown in FIG.
- the shape of a continuous kidney 41 n is possible (A in FIG. 8 ), which is introduced into the base part 41 and cover 42.
- This shape can alternatively be approximated by bores 41d, 41e, 41f ... 41h (B in FIG. 8 ), which results in a higher stability of these components, since the webs between the bores 41d to 41h significantly increase the strength.
- the diameters of the holes 41d to 41h, which are lined up circumferentially, are continuously increasing.
- Another alternative is to make a single through-bore 41b in combination with a kidney-shaped depression 41k (C in FIG. 8 ), which does not mean a very large weakening in strength, but on the other hand ensures a sufficiently large flow.
- the blood cells are spared because the risk of shearing is significantly reduced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
- Figur 1
- ist ein Beispiel für eine Pumpe 1 mit Einsetzteil 41 und Antriebsachse 50.
- Figur 1a
- ist eine Möglichkeit, die Bauelemente der Figur 1 fest bzw. drehbar zueinander zu gestalten, wobei eine Schraffur eine feste Anbringung andeutet. Flächen, die aneinander angrenzen ohne im Grenzbereich schraffiert zu sein, sind gegeneinander beweglich.
- Figur 2
- ist ein Beispiel für einen Motor 2 mit verlängertem Einsetzteil 41, auf das ein Zuführschlauch für ein Antriebsfluid gesteckt werden kann.
- Figur 2a
- ist ein Beispiel der Schaffung zueinander beweglicher oder fester "Grenzzonen" für den Motor der Figur 2, wobei eine Schraffur eine feste Grenzzone andeutet.
- Figur 3a, Figur 3b und Figur 3c
- zeigen drei radiale Stellungen eines Innenrotors 20 gegenüber einem Außenrad 30, die beide im kämmenden Eingriff stehen.
- Figur 4
- veranschaulicht eine Seitenansicht einer Hülse 60 mit darin eingesetzten zwei Stirnteilen 41,42, sowie eine Schnittansicht A-A.
- Figur 5
- ist ein Aufbau, bei dem im praktischen Versuch eine Pumpe 1 in einen Förderkanal geschaltet ist, der von einem Saugende S zu einem Druckende D führt. Gewählt ist hier eine umfängliche Antriebsrichtung an der Hülse 60 der Pumpe 1.
- Figur 6a, Figur 6b und Figur 6c
- zeigen Anschlußmöglichkeiten für einen Schlauch SH, mit dem Fluid für den Antrieb des Motors 2 zugeführt wird. Der Schlauch ist undrehbar befestigt.
- Figur 7a, Figur 7b, Figur 7c und Figur 7d
- zeigen Anschlußmöglichkeiten für einen Antrieb A entweder an der Welle 50 oder am Einsetzteil 41 oder am Außenmantel 60 mit einem umfänglichen Antrieb 63a,63b, wie er im Aufbau in der Figur 5 verdeutlicht ist. Figur 7b ist ein elektromechanischer Antrieb nach dem Prinzip des Synchronmotors.
- Figur 8
- veranschaulicht in drei Skizzen A, B und C drei unterschiedliche Ausgestaltungen von Einlaß- oder Auslaßöffnungen 41n,42n in den Stirnteilen 41,42 gemäß Figur 1.
- Ein Kurzschluß der Förderung, d.h. eine durchgehende Verbindung zwischen der Einlaß-Niere und der Auslaß-Niere wird in allen Drehpositionen verhindert; damit wird die umfängliche Erstreckung der Nieren 41 n,42n definiert.
- Der Ein- und Auslaßquerschnitt der Nieren - die radiale Abmessungsveränderung - orientiert sich an dem Fußkreisdurchmesser des Außenrades 30 und dem Fußkreisdurchmesser des Innenrades 20, wobei die Querschittsfläche so groß als möglich gewählt werden sollte, um geringen Druckverlust zu erhalten, allerdings bei Einhaltung der erwähnten Dimensionierungsvorschrift.
- Kostengünstige und einfache Herstellung von Einzelteilen oder Kleinserien
- Große Breiten/Höhenverhältnisse (Aspektverhältnisse bis maximal 12 mm; im Vergleich zu dem LIGA-Verfahren: 1 mm)
- Schräge Wandungen von bis zu 30° möglich
- Bearbeitung sehr unterschiedlicher und harter Materialien möglich, sofern sie elektrisch leitfähig sind, wie bspw. Hartmetall, Silizium und elektrisch leitfähige Keramiken.
- Technologie mit geringem technologischem Risiko.
- Einfacher Aufbau
- robust, unempfindlich gegenüber Verschmutzungen
- Keine Ventile notwendig
- Direkt umkehrbare Pumprichtung bzw. Drehrichtung des Motors
- Hohe Antriebsmomente
- Hohes Leistungsgewicht
- Relativ starre Drehmoment/Drehzahl-Kennlinie
- Antriebsmedium (Fluid) beim Motor kann zum Kühlen oder Spülen verwendet werden
- Keine elektrischen Verbindungen notwendig (bspw. in ex-geschützter Umgebung oder bei Gehirn- und Herzoperationen).
- Mikrohydraulikaggegat: duch Kopplung der Mikropumpe mit einem Motor zur Erzeugung hydraulischer Energie
- Analyse-/Dosierpumpe: zur Entnahme bzw. Abgabe genau definierter Flüssigkeitsvolumina in Chemie, Medizin, Lebensmittelindustrie, Maschinenbau
- Volumenzähler/Strömungsmesser: Anwendungen in der Meßtechnik
- Heizungsbrennerpumpe
- Antrieb eines Mikrofräsers für medizinische und technische Anwendungen
- Endoskopantrieb
- Dilatationskatheter mit integrierter Mikropumpe zur Aufrechterhaltung des Blutstroms während der Ballondilatation
- Medikamentierungskatheter mit intergrierter Mikropumpe zur Aufrechterhaltung des Blutstroms während der Medikamentierung (bspw. Lysebehandlung)
- Blutstromunterstützungspumpe
- Verstellaggregat für Ultraschallspiegel (Transducer) in Kathetern
- Antrieb für ein rotierendes Schneidwerkzeug an Endoskopen, Kathetern
- Miniaturgenerator: durch Kopplung der fluidischen Mikropumpe mit einem elektrischen Miniaturgenerator zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie
- Pumpen für fluidische bzw. hydraulische Mikrosysteme
- Kompressor für ein Miniaturkühlaggregat: bspw. zur Kühlung von Prozessoren)
- Antriebselemente für große Stellkräfte
- Sonnenblendschutz: in Mehrfachscheiben wird lichtdämpfende Flüssigkeit zwischen die Scheiben gepumpt.
- Basisträger (erster Stirneinsatz) 41
- Achse 50
- Deckel (zweiter Stirneinsatz) 42
- Innenrad 20
- Außenrad 30
- Hülse 60.
- Der Antrieb der Pumpe 1 kann statt über die Welle 50 auch über die Hülse 60 erfolgen (Figuren 7c,7d). Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die Hülse 60 über einen starren Antrieb angetrieben werden kann, wohingegen beim Antrieb der Welle 50, die taumelt, ein flexibles Anschlußstück angewendet wird.
- Der Abtrieb A' des Motors 2 kann statt an der Hülse 60 auch an der Welle 50 erfolgen. Dabei wird der Abtrieb über ein flexibles Anschlußstück oder eine Gelenkwelle angeschlossen. Der Vorteil bei diesem Abtrieb besteht darin, daß das ausströmende Antriebsfluid nicht durch ein eventuell angeschlossenens Werkzeug abfließen muß, sondern dahinter austritt bzw. zurückgeführt werden kann.
- Zum Ausgleich des Axialspaltes zwischen der Kombination Innen/Außenrad 20,30 und dem sich anschließenden Basisteil 41 und Deckel 42 können am Basisteil 41 und Deckel 42 zusätzliche Ausgleichstaschen 41 k,42k angebracht werden (Axialspaltkompensation).
- Die Bohrungen 41d,41e,41f,41g,41h in Basisteil und Deckel, durch die die Flüssigkeit ein- bzw. austritt, können bei empfindlichen Fluiden (z. B. Blut) auch in Form einer Niere 41 n,42n untereinander verbunden werden, dargestellt in Figur 8 mit 41n.
- Für den fluidischen Mikromotor 2 kann aus Gründen der verminderten Reibung statt einer Gleitlagerung auch eine hydrodynamische Lagerung eingesetzt werden. Dabei wird die Flüssigkeit für das Lager von der Zuflußseite her zugeführt.
- Als weitere Möglichkeit, die Reibung zu reduzieren, können statt der Gleitlagerung auch Miniaturkugellager, Rollenlager oder Steinlager eingesetzt werden.
- Die Reibung kann auch durch Oberflächenbeschichtung der Bauteile mit einer reibungsvermindernden Schicht, beispielsweise Graphit oder Teflon, verringert werden.
- Das Funktionsprinzip des Motors 2 hat eine einseitige Durchbiegung der Achse 50 zur Folge. Der dadurch entstehende einseitige Radialspalt kann durch eine Radialspaltkompensation ausgeglichen werden.
- Für medizinische Anwendungen kann als Antriebsmedium für den Mikromotor 2 eine physiologische Flüssigkeit wie bspw. Kochsalzlösung oder Blutplasma verwendet werden.
- Der fluidische Mikromotor/-pumpe kann zur Drehzahlregelung bzw. Drehwinkelerkennung mit einem Winkeldrehgeber aus Lichtleitfasern versehen werden, die die Stellungen der Zähne von Innen- und Außenrad 20,30 abtasten. Dies ermöglicht eine genaue Erfassung des Drehwinkels des Motors oder der Pumpe und eine exakte Regelung der Drehzahl.
- Die Drehzahlregelung bzw. Drehwinkelerkennung kann alternativ über einen integrierten Drucksensor erfolgen, der die Pulsation des Kammerdruckes mißt und so den Drehwinkel an die Regelung weitergibt.
- Als komplettes Mikrosystem kann die Mikropumpe 1 bzw. der Mikromotor 2 mit einem Drucksensor und zugehöriger Ansteuerelektronik versehen werden. Zudem lassen sich noch Ein-/Ausschalt-/Überdruck-/Druckbegrenzungs- oder Rückschlagventile integrieren. Durch die Schaffung von fluidischen, elektrischen und optischen Schnittstellen läßt sich ein komplett abgeschlossenes Mikrosystem schaffen.
- Alternative Herstellungsverfahren sind Feinsintern (Metall, Keramik), Strangpressen, Draht-, Senkerosion, Druckgießen, Spritzgießen, Mikrozerspanen, Laserschneiden. Für die kostengünstige Produktion sollte ein Verfahren zum Einsatz kommen, das im Mehrfachnutzen arbeitet. Durch die Produktion großer Stückzahlen und den Einsatz automatisierter Montageverfahren lassen sich die Mikropumpen bzw Mikromotoren ähnlich wie Chips kostengünstig, u. U. sogar als Einwegartikel, fertigen, da Material und Energieverbrauch relativ gering sind.
Claims (13)
- Mikropumpe (1) mit einer Hülsenachse (101) einer Hülse (60) und einer dagegen in radialer Richtung versetzten Drehachse (100) sowie einem gezahnten Innenrotor (20), bei welcher Mikropumpe zumindest eine auslaßseitige Drucköffnung (42n) in axialer Richtung (100,101) ausgerichtet ist, wobei(a) in der - einen Durchmesser kleiner als 10 mm aufweisenden - Hülse (60) der Innenrotor (20) mit einem Außenrotor (30) zur weitgehend kontinuierlichen Förderung eines Massenstroms in einem solchen kämmendem Eingriff steht, daß jeder Zahn des Innenrotors (20) eine axial gerichtete Dichtlinie auf der Innenfläche des Außenrotors (30) bildet;(b) die zumindest eine auslaßseitige Drucköffnung (42n) in einem ersten stirnseitigen Einsetzteil (42) angeordnet ist, das in die im Durchmesser etwas größere Hülse (60) eingesetzt ist.
- Mikropumpe nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Einlaß-Saugöffnung (41 n) eines zweiten stirnseitigen Einsetzteiles (41 ) am anderen Ende der Hülse (60) auch in axialer Richtung (100,101 ) ausgerichtet ist.
- Mikropumpe nach einem der erwähnten Ansprüche, bei der auf der Innenseite der stirnseitigen Einsetzteile (41,42) je eine nierenförmige Nut (41k,42k) vorgesehen ist, die in einen Großteil der Hälfte der durch Kämmung sich zyklisch im Volumen verändernden Förderkammern (30a,20a) zwischen Innenrotor und Außenrotor (20,30) münden.
- Mikropumpe nach einem der erwähnten Ansprüche, bei der zumindest das eine Einsetzteil (41,42) weitgehend dicht mit seiner inneren Stirnfläche an der äußeren Stirnfläche des Innenrotors (20) und Außenrotors (30) angrenzt bzw. anliegt.
- Mikropumpe nach einem der erwähnten Ansprüche, bei der die Einlaßöffnung (41 n) und die Auslaßöffnung (42n) axial gegenüber liegen, aber radial um etwa 180° gegeneinander versetzt bzw. verdreht sind.
- Mikropumpe nach einem der erwähnten Ansprüche, bei der eine Welle (50) vorgesehen ist, die in Achsrichtung (100) einseitig länger ist, um eine Ankopplung für eine mechanische Drehkraft (A) zu bilden.
- Mikropumpe nach einem der erwähnten Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei der eines ihrer von außen direkt oder durch elektromagnetische Felder indirekt zugänglichen Teile, insbesondere der Außenrotor (30) oder die Hülse (60) elektromechanisch (63a,63b) bzw. mechanisch (63) drehantreibbar sind.
- Mikropumpe nach einem der erwähnten Ansprüche, bei der geringe Förderverluste am Innenumfang (61) des Mantels (60) als Drehlager verwendet werden, entstehend durch geringfügigen Unterschied im Durchmesser oder Fertigungstoleranzen.
- Mikropumpe nach einem der vorigen Ansprüche, in einer Größenordnung unterhalb von 3 mm Durchmesser, bei einer axialen Länge von unter 10 mm.
- Mikromotor zum Antreiben einer Mikropumpe nach einem obiger Ansprüche, bei dem(a) ein Innenrotor (20) in einem kämmendem Eingriff (20a,30a) mit einem Außenrotor (30) steht, die beide stirnseitig von Einsetzteilen (41,42) gefaßt in einer - einen Durchmesser kleiner als 10 mm aufweisenden - Hülse (60) angeordnet sind, wobei die Achse (100) des Innenrotors (20) und die Achse der Hülse (101) parallel versetzt sind;(b) an der länger ausgestalteten Hülse (60) oder einem (41) der Einsetzteile (41,42) ein Zufuhrschlauch (SH) fest anbringbar ist, um ein Antriebsfluid (V) durch eine axiale Einlaßöffnung (41 n) eines der Einsetzteile (41 ) zu den kämmenden Rotoren (20,30) zu führen.
- Mikromotor nach Anspruch 10, bei dem auch die Auslaßöffnung (42n) eine axiale Richtung, parallel zu den Achsen (100,101) von Hülse und Innenrotor (20) aufweist.
- Mikromotor nach einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11, in einer Größenordnung unterhalb von 3 mm Durchmesser, bei einer axialen Länge von unter 10 mm.
- Montageverfahren für eine Mikropumpe (1) oder einen Mikromotor (2) nach einem obiger Ansprüche mit in Montagerichtung zylindrischen Funktionsteilen (20,30,41,42,60),
bei welchem Verfahren ein erstes und ein zweites Einsetzteil (41,42) stirnseitig in eine - einen Durchmesser kleiner als 10 mm aufweisende - Hülse (60) in Richtung ihrer Achse eingeschoben werden, um zwischen ihnen einen ebenfalls axial eingeschoben Innenrotor (20) und einen ebenfalls axial eingeschoben Außenrotor (30) mit gegeneinander versetzten Achsen (101,100) in axialer Richtung zu lagern oder zu halten.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96938952A EP0852674B1 (de) | 1995-09-26 | 1996-09-26 | Mikromotor und mikropumpe |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95115152 | 1995-09-26 | ||
EP95115152 | 1995-09-26 | ||
EP96108658A EP0769621A1 (de) | 1995-09-26 | 1996-05-30 | Mikropumpe und Mikromotor |
EP96108658 | 1996-05-30 | ||
EP96938952A EP0852674B1 (de) | 1995-09-26 | 1996-09-26 | Mikromotor und mikropumpe |
PCT/DE1996/001837 WO1997012147A1 (de) | 1995-09-26 | 1996-09-26 | Mikromotor und mikropumpe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0852674A1 EP0852674A1 (de) | 1998-07-15 |
EP0852674B1 true EP0852674B1 (de) | 2003-12-03 |
Family
ID=26138824
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96108658A Withdrawn EP0769621A1 (de) | 1995-09-26 | 1996-05-30 | Mikropumpe und Mikromotor |
EP96938952A Expired - Lifetime EP0852674B1 (de) | 1995-09-26 | 1996-09-26 | Mikromotor und mikropumpe |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP96108658A Withdrawn EP0769621A1 (de) | 1995-09-26 | 1996-05-30 | Mikropumpe und Mikromotor |
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US (2) | US6179596B1 (de) |
EP (2) | EP0769621A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11512798A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE255683T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59610851D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997012147A1 (de) |
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DE2834735A1 (de) * | 1978-08-08 | 1980-02-14 | Buehl Volks Raiffeisenbank | Fluessigkeitspumpe, insbesondere fuer fluessigkeiten geringer viskositaet, wie wasser, alkohole u.a. |
DE3005657A1 (de) | 1980-02-15 | 1981-08-20 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Ag, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Zahnradpumpe |
GB2085969B (en) | 1980-10-17 | 1984-04-26 | Hobourn Eaton Ltd | Rotary positive-displacement pumps |
DE3114871A1 (de) | 1981-04-13 | 1982-11-11 | Schwäbische Hüttenwerke GmbH, 7080 Aalen | Zahnradpumpe |
DE3342385A1 (de) | 1983-11-24 | 1985-06-05 | Montblanc-Simplo Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Zahnradpumpe |
US4533302A (en) | 1984-02-17 | 1985-08-06 | Eaton Corporation | Gerotor motor and improved lubrication flow circuit therefor |
JPS6441686A (en) | 1987-08-06 | 1989-02-13 | Giyuuji Negishi | Trochoid pump |
JP2819024B2 (ja) * | 1988-07-14 | 1998-10-30 | 株式会社タツノ・メカトロニクス | 超電導ロータリーポンプ |
US4857054A (en) | 1988-07-15 | 1989-08-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Perfusion angioplasty catheter with pump assist |
JPH0641755B2 (ja) * | 1989-04-19 | 1994-06-01 | 日機装株式会社 | キャンド内接ギヤポンプ |
CH682939A5 (de) | 1990-03-09 | 1993-12-15 | Voith Gmbh J M | Innenzahnradpumpe. |
DE4106060C2 (de) * | 1991-02-27 | 1995-11-30 | Fresenius Ag | Pumpe, insbesondere gekapselte medizinische Pumpe |
JP3394544B2 (ja) * | 1991-11-05 | 2003-04-07 | 株式会社デンソー | ギヤポンプ |
GB9217540D0 (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 1992-09-30 | Concentric Pumps Ltd | Imprivements relating to pumps |
DE4303328C2 (de) * | 1993-02-05 | 2001-11-29 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Gerotorpumpe zum Fördern von Fluid, insbesondere als Kraftstoff-Förderaggregat für Kraftfahrzeuge |
US5466137A (en) * | 1994-09-15 | 1995-11-14 | Eaton Corporation | Roller gerotor device and pressure balancing arrangement therefor |
EP0769621A1 (de) | 1995-09-26 | 1997-04-23 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Mikropumpe und Mikromotor |
-
1996
- 1996-05-30 EP EP96108658A patent/EP0769621A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-09-26 WO PCT/DE1996/001837 patent/WO1997012147A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-09-26 EP EP96938952A patent/EP0852674B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-26 AT AT96938952T patent/ATE255683T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-26 US US09/043,790 patent/US6179596B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-26 DE DE59610851T patent/DE59610851D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-26 JP JP9513074A patent/JPH11512798A/ja active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-11-30 US US09/727,210 patent/US6551083B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE112010005564T5 (de) | 2010-05-14 | 2013-04-25 | Sias Ag | Pipettieranordnung und Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Pipettieranordnung oder zur Herstellung von Flüssigproduktdosen |
US10001500B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2018-06-19 | Tecan Schweiz Ag | Method of controlling a pipetting arrangement or of producing liquid product doses |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59610851D1 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
ATE255683T1 (de) | 2003-12-15 |
EP0769621A1 (de) | 1997-04-23 |
WO1997012147A1 (de) | 1997-04-03 |
US20020015653A1 (en) | 2002-02-07 |
JPH11512798A (ja) | 1999-11-02 |
EP0852674A1 (de) | 1998-07-15 |
US6551083B2 (en) | 2003-04-22 |
US6179596B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 |
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