Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
  • E01C3/006—Foundations for pavings made of prefabricated single units
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
  • E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
  • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
  • E02D17/205—Securing of slopes or inclines with modular blocks, e.g. pre-fabricated

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a light embankment and more particularly to the technique of construction of such an embankment.
• the subject of the invention is a light backfill comprising blocks stacked in successive layers, characterized in that in at least one layer, at least two blocks adjacent to said layer are separated from one another by a free space.
• the device according to the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics: -
• the blocks have a generally substantially parallelepiped shape;
• the blocks of the same layer are placed in parallel rows; the blocks of the same layer have the same height, and the blocks of at least two different layers have a different height;
• the blocks are made of a plastic material, in particular of expanded polystyrene
• the blocks are made of a material with a density greater than 21 kg / m 3 , in particular greater than 23 kg / m 3 , and with a compressive strength at 10% crushing greater than 110 kPa, in particular greater than 130 kPa;
• At least one block of at least one layer is connected to at least one other block belonging to at least one adjacent layer by joining means;
• the joining means are formed by an adhesive material, in particular glue;
• the joining means are formed by at least one rod, in particular a vertical steel rod, projecting from the block and intended to engage in a block of an adjacent layer; the width of the free spaces of the lower layers is greater than the width of the free spaces of the upper layers;
• At least one end of at least one free space, and preferably all the ends of all the free spaces, are closed by end caps;
• At least one backfill holding element is housed in at least one free space
• the width of the free spaces which house a holding element is less than the width of the other free spaces of the same layer, and the height of the blocks of this layer is less than the height of at least one other layer of the embankment;
• the embankment holding elements are connected at one end to an embankment anchoring element, the anchoring element being in particular common to several holding elements of the same layer;
• the backfill holding element is formed by concrete poured into a free space forming lost formwork, the ends of this free space as well as the openings thereof which communicate with a free space of a lower layer, being closed by sealing elements;
• the embankment anchoring element is formed by concrete poured in a free space provided between the embankment and the embankment;
• At least one end of at least one free space serving as lost formwork has an enlarged part in which the retaining element forms a retaining element for the fill blocks;
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a building block of the light backfill shown in Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a variant of the light backfill, intended to be built against an embankment
• Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional view along line 4-4 of the light backfill shown in Figure 3.
• the embankment 1 shown in Figure 1 is intended to support a roadway. Its width gradually decreases from its base to its summit.
• the embankment 1 is constructed from building blocks 3 of elongated parallelepiped shape, stacked in successive layers on top of each other, the blocks 3 of the same layer being arranged in parallel rows.
• the first layer of backfill, the base layer 5, rests on a laying bed 6 made of quarry sand or crushed material, about 0.1m thick on average.
• the blocks 3 of the other layers are placed crosswise with respect to the blocks 3 of the adjacent lower layer.
• the blocks 3 of each layer are separated from each other by free spaces 7.
• the width of the free spaces 7 is constant and less than 1m, and preferably between 0.2m and 0.6m.
• the width of the free spaces of the lower layers may be greater than that of the free spaces of the upper layers.
• the cover layer 9 is however formed by blocks 3 placed contiguously to carry a reinforced concrete slab 11 supporting the layer of roadway bearing 13.
• the height of the blocks 3 is between 0.17m and 1.1m.
• the blocks belonging to the same layer all have the same height. In the example shown, this height is uniform for the entire backfill, but, as a variant, this can vary from one layer to another.
• the blocks 3 are made of light plastic material, in particular of expanded polystyrene.
• Light plastic material means a plastic material with a density of less than 1000 kg / m 3 .
• the density of the material used is greater than 21 kg / m 3 , in particular greater than 23 kg / m 3 , and the compressive strength at 10% of crushing is greater than 110 kPa, in particular greater than 130 kPa.
• the total weight of the structure remains about the same thanks to the free spaces between the blocks of a layer.
• free spaces 7 are closed by end caps 16 made of the same material as the blocks 3, or by a geotextile membrane.
• At least some of the building blocks 3 are provided, during stacking, with joining means, for example those shown in FIG. 2.
• These joining means are formed by at least one rod 17, and preferably by two rods 17.
• These are in particular vertical steel rods, having a length greater than the height of a block 3 of associated construction, which pierce this block respectively near its ends and protrude on either side of the block.
• the protrusions of the rods 17 are intended to sink into blocks of two adjacent layers and thus secure the blocks against lateral displacement.
• rods with a diameter of 8mm and a length of 1.10m are used.
• Figure 3 shows a lightweight embankment 1 intended to be built against an inclined slope 19.
• the laying bed 6 is here made of materials crushed with an average thickness of 0.15m.
• elements corresponding to those of Figure 1 will be identified by the corresponding numbers.
• This variant differs essentially from the embankment shown in FIG. 1 by the fact that provision is made for holding elements 21 of the embankment housed in certain free spaces 7 of the embankment 1.
• such a holding element 21 is produced by pouring concrete into a free space 7 forming lost formwork.
• the ends of the free space as well as the openings thereof which communicate with the free spaces of the lower layers are closed by plates , or alternatively, with regard to the ends of the free spaces, by blocks 22 of cut expanded polystyrene which are flush with the free surface of the embankment.
• Another solution could consist in making the fillings in question using geotextile membranes.
• the holding elements 21 are preferably cast in a free space having a width less than 0.3 m of a layer formed by blocks having a height less than 0.3 m, so as not to make the embankment too heavy.
• these retaining elements 21 are connected by their end close to the slope 19 to an element 23 for anchoring to the slope 19.
• this anchoring element 23 is also formed by poured concrete, at the same time as the concrete forming retaining elements 21, in a free interval provided between the slope 19 and the embankment 1.
• the end 25 of the free space 7 forming a lost formwork, opposite the slope 19, is widened.
• the concrete poured into this enlarged end thus forms a retaining element 26 having a shape
• a light backfill 1 with free spaces 7 allows a considerable savings in the volume of material used for construction and, as a result, savings of around 20% in transport costs.
• Another advantage of the lightened embankment according to the invention relates to its drainage, in particular when it is built on a floodplain.
• the water penetrates, through the laying bed 6, into the free spaces 7 of the base layer 5, which communicate with free spaces 7 of the upper layers.
• the free spaces 7 of the different layers are gradually filled with water.
• the Archimedes thrust exerted on the entire embankment is reduced, so that the stability of the embankment 1 is only slightly affected by the flooding.
• the nature and / or the density of the blocks can be varied from one layer to another, in order to achieve technical and economic optimization in each particular application.
• at least some of the layers may consist of blocks of SAUL material.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
• Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
• Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
• Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=9491346

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

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• 1996
  • 1996-04-18 FR FR9604879A patent/FR2747705B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1997
  • 1997-04-16 DE DE69709517T patent/DE69709517D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-04-16 WO PCT/FR1997/000689 patent/WO1997039195A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1997-04-16 EP EP97920772A patent/EP0833988B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-04-16 US US08/981,306 patent/US6146054A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-04-16 AT AT97920772T patent/ATE211788T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-04-16 CA CA002225508A patent/CA2225508A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-04-16 JP JP9536819A patent/JPH11508983A/ja active Pending
  • 1997-12-16 NO NO975908A patent/NO975908L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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