EP0220996B1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen eines leichten geschmeidigen und isolierenden Dämmkörpers und so hergestellter Dämmkörper - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines leichten geschmeidigen und isolierenden Dämmkörpers und so hergestellter Dämmkörper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0220996B1
EP0220996B1 EP86420223A EP86420223A EP0220996B1 EP 0220996 B1 EP0220996 B1 EP 0220996B1 EP 86420223 A EP86420223 A EP 86420223A EP 86420223 A EP86420223 A EP 86420223A EP 0220996 B1 EP0220996 B1 EP 0220996B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solid mass
layer
securing
embankment
tires
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86420223A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0220996A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Elie Henri Perrin
Jacques Marchal
Marcel Bianco
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Entreprise Bianco Et Cie SA
Etat Francais Represente Par Le Ministere De L'urbanisme Du Logement Et Des Transports Cete
Original Assignee
Entreprise Bianco Et Cie SA
Etat Francais Represente Par Le Ministere De L'urbanisme Du Logement Et Des Transports Cete
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Application filed by Entreprise Bianco Et Cie SA, Etat Francais Represente Par Le Ministere De L'urbanisme Du Logement Et Des Transports Cete filed Critical Entreprise Bianco Et Cie SA
Priority to AT86420223T priority Critical patent/ATE58931T1/de
Publication of EP0220996A1 publication Critical patent/EP0220996A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0220996B1 publication Critical patent/EP0220996B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of construction in the general sense, that is to say including the realization of buildings or works, as well as earthworks, roads, etc ...
  • level backfilling in the case of buried constructions executed from an open excavation, in the case of the construction of a parking area or a traffic lane established on sites of different levels or, again, in the case of construction of a raised load-bearing base which must have characteristics of good mechanical, sound, thermal and / or acoustic insulation with respect to a level slab of a building.
  • Such materials also induce forces and thrusts on structures in contact with or near massifs and, mainly, on structure abutments, supports, etc.
  • an acceptable proposal consists in using, for the production of a body of solid mass, materials of low density, such as, in particular, expanded polystyrene.
  • the density of this material is, in fact, generally between 20 and 40 kg / m3, which represents a significant gain compared to traditional backfill materials.
  • This technique which has been the subject of a certain number of previous publications, such as FR 1 398 975, AT 352 639, US-A 4 080 793 and FR 2 380 375, consists in having, in superimposed layers or in vertical piles, used or rejected tires which, in most cases, are interconnected by ties or anchoring means.
  • the cells, delimited by the tires and / or between the tires are then filled with backfill materials which are thus immobilized.
  • patent AT-B 366,440 which relates to the development and reinforcement of the banks of watercourses using discarded tires.
  • This proposal aims at improving the previous techniques of realization in this specific field by simplifying the implementation, while preserving a good resistance of the embankment.
  • the discarded tires are stacked on top of each other with an offset and held in place by piles. It is planned to have a filling material for the cells delimited between the tires, such as sand or woody residues, for example.
  • This technique has the drawbacks already mentioned above and its teaching and use fall exclusively within the technical field relating to backfilling the banks of watercourses.
  • Such a technique therefore aims, mainly, the immobilization of retaining masses, but does not make it possible to significantly reduce the density of the latter. It is therefore a technique which is not suitable for achieving the objective of the present invention which is that of making it possible to produce a light mass to reduce the stresses applied, either to the underlying layers or to the benches supporting them, either, again, to the underlying or surrounding constructions.
  • the present invention provides, precisely, a new method of building a massive ge and flexible, answering exactly the aimed objective, by allowing a realization at a cost notably lower than that of all the proposals which were formulated in the same technical field.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new process for producing a lighter mass making it possible to use materials which, ordinarily, constitute waste which is difficult or not recyclable.
  • Another objective of the invention is to propose a new process for constituting a lighter mass offering, in addition, additional new properties, such as flexibility, sound, thermal, acoustic insulation, damping, or even l localized hygrometric balance (by water retention).
  • the invention also relates to a lighter solid mass obtained by implementing the above method.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate an example of implementation of the object of the invention in the case of the construction of a parking or circulation area raised above ground S whose nature or composition gives it character compressible.
  • the method according to the invention consists, first of all, in producing an upright seating surface î and , in this case, settled.
  • This surface 1 can be formed directly by the ground S or, alternatively, by a drainage base 2 constituted in any suitable manner in the art and, in particular, by a layer of clean sandy sand.
  • the method of the invention then consists in raising, on the seat surface 1, a light weight 3 formed from discarded tires 4 which are, in the example illustrated, laid flat in beds or superposed layers.
  • the tires 4 are placed in vertical stacks adjoining in staggered rows, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the block 3 can be shaped like a block, regular or stepped, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the lightened solid 3 is then covered with a layer 5, such as a sheet or sheet of woven or non-woven material.
  • layer 5 can consist of a sheet of a material, such as that frequently used in the construction field to facilitate upwelling while ensuring containment and retention of materials.
  • the sheet 5 can be formed, for example, by a sheet of material sold under the name "BIDIM U 44" @ .
  • the layer 5 is designed to assume a function of immobilization and anchoring of the mass 3 to maintain a sort of cohesion or volume confinement of the tires 4 which are simply relatively stacked, without involving any links or fasteners between them.
  • the surface of the ply 5 is calculated so as to leave, on either side of at least two opposite sides of the solid mass 3, two overhanging lateral bands 6 whose function appears in this following.
  • Fig. 1 shows that it can also be provided, for the same purpose, to place, at intermediate levels of the height of the block 3, sheets 5a of a material identical or similar to that of the sheet 5 and comprising, at least, a side strip 6a projecting. This may be the case, in particular, in the horizontal plane of each tiered level, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the light mass 3 is thus in the form of a honeycomb volume, constituted by discarded tires piled up or stacked, and which is isolated by the surface 1 and the ply (s) 5.
  • Another phase of the process then consists in making, at least along the sides corresponding to the presence of the strips 6 and 6a, lateral support embankments 7 raised from the surface 1 as far as the plane of the upper ply 5.
  • the lateral retaining embankments 7 are formed in the form of natural slopes, from traditional embankment materials.
  • the execution of the lateral support and protection embankments 7 is ensured by bending the strips 6, or even 6a so as to give them a downward inclination parallel to the natural slope of the slopes and to trap them inside the materials constituting these slopes. .
  • the lateral bands 6, or even 6a then behave like immobilization armatures similar to the armatures used in the principle of reinforced earth and confer, by the tension exer created on the table or sheets, held in the horizontal plane of the latter ensuring the cohesion and the immobilization of the light mass 3 with respect to the seat surface 1.
  • Another phase of the process consists in covering the layer 5 as well as the upper surfaces of the lateral retaining embankments with a layer 8 of load distribution, for example in a semi-crushed material.
  • the last phase of the process consists in associating, with the load distribution layer 8, either a reinforced concrete slab 9 representing the surface of wear, parking or circulation, or a flexible bituminous pavement.
  • the embankment according to the invention can then be finished by adding a layer of topsoil 11 along the natural slopes of the lateral retaining embankments 7.
  • the method described above can, of course, be implemented in a substantially analogous manner for the execution or construction of a platform and, in such a case, the layer (s) 5, 5a, the lateral retaining embankments 7 and the layers of topsoil 11 are then provided over the entire perimeter delimiting such an area, such a perimeter is defined by a continuous, curved periphery or, on the contrary, by rectilinear sides.
  • the implementation of the object of the invention makes it possible to produce a solid mass by forming an embankment body, notably lightened, constituted by beds or layers or stacks of discarded tires.
  • Such a body represents a stable, alveolar mass, the density of which is significantly lower than that of traditional fill materials.
  • an embankment 5 m thick (including pavement) will lead to a ground stress four times smaller than that of an embankment which would have been formed, constituted or erected from traditional backfill materials.
  • Such a light backfill has, moreover, the advantage of being able to be built quickly and at a very attractive cost, due to the low, or even non-existent, market value of the tires 4.
  • Another advantage of the process is that its use implemented provides a solution to the general pollution problem posed by the accumulation of discarded tires.
  • Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment according to which the light weight 3 consists of stacks or stacks of tires 4 placed in rows and in alignment, as opposed to the staggered geometric arrangement illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the tires 4 appear chosen to be of the same dimensions, so as to allow obtaining regular vertical stacks or stacks, of constant section.
  • the tires 4 could just as easily be chosen of any size and stacked in an all-round presentation to constitute piles, even irregular ones, the final stability of which is ensured by the layer 5 and by the lateral support embankments 7.
  • each ply 5 can be associated with a lattice 1 metallic or not, constituting a tension reinforcement.
  • the trellis 12 can be placed under or on the sheet 5 or 5g and include overhanging lateral areas similar to the strips 6, 6a. These areas are intended to be embedded in the lateral support embankments and may, as the case may be, be bent downwards or not.
  • Fig. 4 in relation to FIG. 2, shows that it is possible to make holes 13, 13 1 , either in the treads or in the sides to promote, if necessary, the flow of infiltration water.
  • the holes 13 1 can, in certain cases, be made only in one of the sidewalls of each tire then placed so that this sidewall is oriented upwards.
  • the lower flank constitutes, in a way, a capacity for partial retention of the infiltration water which can be naturally restored by evaporation according to the needs of the surrounding medium.
  • the block 3 then assumes, in addition, a function of regulating the hygrometric degree of the surrounding masses of added materials.
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows another example of application of the object of the invention in the case of making a buried structure, for example constituted by a tunnel T constructed from an open excavation 14.
  • the excavation 14 is, usually after construction, filled according to the prior art with an embankment material whose density exerts a significant compressive stress on the roof 15 of the tunnel T.
  • the excavation 14 is, at least in part, filled by lateral embankments of support 16 which are, substantially, raised up near the ridge of the vault 15.
  • the method of the invention consists then to raise, simultaneously, the lateral support embankments 16 and to constitute, in abutment on the external surface 17 of the arch representing the seat surface 1, a light mass 3 by stacking tires 4 arranged, either in bulk or in stacks, either in superimposed beds or layers matching the seating surface 17.
  • the block 3 is, as before, made stable by the presence of at least one layer 5 covering the stack of tires 4, so as to leave two overhanging side strips 6 which are embedded in the upper mass of the side fill materials support 16.
  • a load distribution layer 8 which can also, if necessary, be associated with a slab 9 or pavement 10 similar to the previous example.
  • the method of the invention makes it possible to constitute, above the vault 15, a lightweight backfill body with a significantly reduced density compared to that of traditional backfilling materials. It thus becomes possible to reduce, in large proportions, the compression stresses exerted on the roof 15 and to reduce the mechanical strength characteristics leading to a reduction in the cost of the construction of the tunnel T as a whole.
  • the cohesion of the lightened solid mass 3 is ensured by the layer or layers 5, 5a, as well as possibly by the lattice (s) 12 and also by the presence of the lateral embankments 7 or 16.
  • the block 3 can be devoid of lateral embankments or associated with embankments incapable of assuming the transverse blocking function which is partly assigned to them.
  • the cohesion of the block 3 can then be obtained by ensuring the stacking of the tires 4 on a sheet or ply previously placed on the sole 2. This sheet or ply has an area greater than that which must be occupied by the block 3, so that its lateral edges can be raised along the periphery of the massif. In association with the layer or layers 5, 5a, it thus becomes possible to form an envelope surrounding the block 3 and ensuring the overall cohesion of the tires 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a voluntarily schematic elevation of another example of application of the method of the invention. In this example, it is a question of producing a load-bearing sole 18 which has to be isolated from the structure, itself load-bearing of a building and, for example, of a level slab 19.
  • the slab 19 is produced to form, at least locally, the seat surface 1 according to a horizontal level lower than its general upper surface.
  • the slab 19 thus has, locally, a sort of pit 20 which is occupied, at least in part, by a lightened solid mass 3 constituted as said previously.
  • the block 3 it is preferable to give the block 3 a height less than the depth of the pit 20, so as to be able to fit, at least in part, the base 21 of the sole 18 carried by the block 3 and then also constituting the load distribution layer and, simultaneously, the surface of use.
  • an immobilization layer 5 in the form of a sheet or envelope, as said previously.
  • the layer 5 can also include overhanging bands which can be anchored in the lateral mass of the slab 19 when the latter is formed from the seating surface 1 after the formation of the light mass 3. It can also be provided to have an independent distribution layer 8 over layer 5, possibly associated with a trellis or with a reinforcing reinforcement.
  • the method of the invention makes it possible, taking into account the nature of the tires 4, to produce a solid mass 3 having, in addition to its low density associated with high mechanical strength, certain characteristics of thermal and sound insulation, shock absorption, flexibility, vibration filtration and can thus be implemented to achieve, at low cost, a massif 3, each time at least one of the above objectives must be achieved (sports floors, floors, protection of structures against falling blocks, pavements and parking lots ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)

Claims (16)

1. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines leichten, geschmeidigen und dämmenden Bauwerks, vom Typ bestehend aus der Schaffung einer Sitzfläche (1), der Bildung auf dieser Fläche eines Baukörpers (3) mittels ausgeschiedener Luftreifen (4) und aus dem Überdecken dieses Baukörpers (3), dadurch gekennzeichent, daß es besteht aus:
- Bilden des Baukörpers (3) mittels ausgeschiedener Luftreifen (4), die mit einer gegenseitigen Verbindung und mit Füllmaterial versehen sind, um einen zellenförmigen Körper von geringer Dichte zu bilden,
- Verbinden des so gebildeten Baukörpers mit einer Festlege- und Verankerungsschicht (5), welche die Kohäsion und den Volumeneinschluß der ausgeschiedenen Luftreifen (4) sicherstellt.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Baukörper (3) mit wenigstens einer Festlege- und Verankerungsschicht (5), die eine Umhüllung bildet, umgeben wird.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichent, daß der Baukörper (3) wenigstens mit einer Festlege- und Verankerungsschicht (5) verbunden wird, unter Weiterbestehenlassen von Bändern (6), die seitlich vorspringen, und daß diese Bänder (6) in das den Baukörper (3) umrandende Material verankert werden.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine Festlege- und Verankerungsschicht (5) über den Baukörper angeordnet wird.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine Zwischenfestlege- und Verankerungsschicht (5a) in der Masse des Baukörpers (3) angeordnet wird.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festlege- und Verankerungsschicht (5, 5a) mit einer Drahtgeflechteinlage verbunden wird.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festlege- und Verankerungsschicht (5, 5a) durch eine Lastverteilschicht (8) unter Verbindung mit einer Abnutzschicht (10) überdeckt wird.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Drainagelöcher (13) in die Hülle der Luftreifen ausgebildet werden.
9. Erleichtertes Bauwerk, vom Typ gebildet aus einer Sitzoberfläche (1), einem Baukörper (3), der aus ausgeschiedenen Luftreifen (4) gebildet ist, die auf die Sitzoberfläche (1) gesetzt sind, und durch ein Überdeckungselement (5), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aufweist:
- einen Baukörper (3), der aus ausgeschiedenen Luftreifen (4) gebildet ist, der mit gegenseitigen Verbindungen versehen ist, und mit Auffüllmaterial versehen ist, um einen zellenförmigen Körper von geringer Dichte zu bilden, und
- als Überdeckungselement, eine Festlege- und Verankerungsschicht (5), welche die Kohäsion und den Volumeneinschluß der ausgeschiedenen Luftreifen sicherstellt.
10. Erleichtertes Bauwerk nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es mit wenigstens einer Festlege- und Verankerungsschicht (5) verbunden ist, daß es auf die Weise eine Hülle umgibt.
11. Erleichtertes Bauwerk nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es verbunden ist mit wenigstens einer Festlege- und Verankerungsschicht (5), welche hervorspringende Bänder (6) aufweist, die in den den Baukörper (3) umrandenden Materialien (7 oder 16) verankert sind.
12. Erleichtertes Bauwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es eine über den Baukörper (3) ausgestreckte Schicht (5) aufweist.
13. Erleichtertes Bauwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es wenigstens eine Zwischenschicht (5a) aufweist, die in der Dicke des Baukörpers angeordnet ist.
14. Erleichtertes Bauwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schicht (5, 5a) mit einer Drahtgeflechteinlage (12) verbunden ist.
15. Erleichtertes Bauwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es eine Abnutzschicht (10) aufweist, die eine Lastverteilschicht (8) überdeckt.
16. Erleichtertes Bauwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es einen Baukörper (3) aufweist, der aus ausgeschiedenen Luftreifen (4) gebildet ist, welche Drainagelöcher (13, 131) in ihren Hüllen aufweisen.
EP86420223A 1985-09-06 1986-09-04 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines leichten geschmeidigen und isolierenden Dämmkörpers und so hergestellter Dämmkörper Expired - Lifetime EP0220996B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86420223T ATE58931T1 (de) 1985-09-06 1986-09-04 Verfahren zum herstellen eines leichten geschmeidigen und isolierenden daemmkoerpers und so hergestellter daemmkoerper.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8513439A FR2587051B1 (fr) 1985-09-06 1985-09-06 Procede de realisation d'un massif de construction leger, souple et isolant et massif obtenu
FR8513439 1985-09-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0220996A1 EP0220996A1 (de) 1987-05-06
EP0220996B1 true EP0220996B1 (de) 1990-12-05

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EP86420223A Expired - Lifetime EP0220996B1 (de) 1985-09-06 1986-09-04 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines leichten geschmeidigen und isolierenden Dämmkörpers und so hergestellter Dämmkörper

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EP (1) EP0220996B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE58931T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3676044D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2587051B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3837681A1 (de) * 1988-11-05 1990-05-10 Guenter Frohn Verfahren zur auskofferung einer gleisanlage
FR2639663B1 (fr) * 1988-11-30 1992-04-10 Jacques Perrin Procede de construction d'un massif de construction allege et souple a partir de blocs elementaires de fragments de matieres comprimes
FR2727881B1 (fr) * 1994-12-13 1997-03-28 Gil Xavier Relief artificiel et procede de realisation d'un tel relief artificiel
FR2820442B1 (fr) 2001-02-02 2003-04-25 France Etat Ponts Chaussees Procede de realisation d'un massif de remblai renforce
FR2835266A1 (fr) 2002-01-29 2003-08-01 Pneuresil Applic Procede de construction d'un ouvrage protecteur et ouvrage protecteur obtenu

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1398975A (fr) * 1964-04-03 1965-05-14 Mode de constitution de gabions de soutènement
US4080793A (en) * 1975-04-10 1978-03-28 Pulsifer Ernest K Method and apparatus for using automotive tires as earth engineering devices
AT352639B (de) * 1976-03-26 1979-09-25 Gloessl Johann Uferverbau
US4188153A (en) * 1976-03-31 1980-02-12 Taylor John E Formation of barriers
DE2705375C2 (de) * 1977-02-09 1979-02-01 Brigitte 8052 Moosburg Schuhmann Schutzwall, insbesondere Lärmschutzwall aus Altautoreifen
AT366440B (de) * 1978-06-07 1982-04-13 Gloessl Johann Uferverbau fuer stroemende gewaesser

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Publication number Publication date
ATE58931T1 (de) 1990-12-15
DE3676044D1 (de) 1991-01-17
EP0220996A1 (de) 1987-05-06
FR2587051A1 (fr) 1987-03-13
FR2587051B1 (fr) 1988-03-04

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