EP0273077B1 - Stützbauwerk und Verfahren zum Verwirklichen dieses Stützbauwerks - Google Patents

Stützbauwerk und Verfahren zum Verwirklichen dieses Stützbauwerks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0273077B1
EP0273077B1 EP86402947A EP86402947A EP0273077B1 EP 0273077 B1 EP0273077 B1 EP 0273077B1 EP 86402947 A EP86402947 A EP 86402947A EP 86402947 A EP86402947 A EP 86402947A EP 0273077 B1 EP0273077 B1 EP 0273077B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stack
layers
retaining wall
wall
layer
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86402947A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0273077A1 (de
Inventor
Edmond Henri Marie Balzer
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to FR8510380A priority Critical patent/FR2584113B1/fr
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE8686402947T priority patent/DE3685881T2/de
Priority to EP86402947A priority patent/EP0273077B1/de
Priority to AT86402947T priority patent/ATE77860T1/de
Publication of EP0273077A1 publication Critical patent/EP0273077A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0273077B1 publication Critical patent/EP0273077B1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to support constructions and methods for making these constructions.
  • a first system called “reinforced earth” which provides stability by layers of metal blades connected to reinforced concrete scales which form the facing, these scales resting on the edge, or the side of the earth.
  • a second system consists of stacking layers of earth on top of each other, a special fabric called by the geotextile technicians being extended to the separation of each layer and returned to the visible end of the structure, so as to form an envelope and, thereby, the side facing of the structure. A series of perfectly freestanding layers or folds is thus obtained. This technique is economical because it allows the use of most fill or loose earth materials. Its development is currently hampered by the difficulty of making a vertical facing with this system.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce a support construction of the type with layers coated with geotextile fabrics making it possible to obtain a vertical facing and which can moreover receive, at their upper part, paths, tracks , etc ..., which can go to the lateral edge of this support.
  • this space is left free in order to allow in particular the deformation, during the production of the structure and after it, of the facing of the layers of loose material.
  • the presence of this space thus contributes to the internal stability of the structure.
  • the present invention also aims to implement a method for carrying out the support construction as mentioned above.
  • this represents in section the surface 1 of a ground 2 having a relatively large slope 3, such a surface generally being in the mountains.
  • a first consists in making piles on the side of this mountain and, at the top of these piles, in building a bearing surface constituting the road network.
  • This first solution undoubtedly has drawbacks, because it is relatively expensive and, in addition, can be dangerous, due to landslides which can then cause the piles.
  • a second solution consists in cutting the side of the mountain to make a notch delimited by two side walls, a vertical wall and a horizontal wall, as they appear respectively in 4 and 5 in Figure 2. Under these conditions, one can dont realize the way directly on the horizontal wall 5. But, in this case, it is necessary to protect it from landslides that can come from the wall 4, in particular by a retaining wall. This solution may be acceptable. Nevertheless, the retaining wall of the vertical side wall which it is necessary to make must be very solid, to avoid being entrained by landslides, and also by the lateral pressure force exerted by the mass of earth lying behind him.
  • a third solution consists in raising, by artificial means, the surface 5, to the highest level of the vertical wall 4.
  • the road surface is at the upper level 6 of the notch and all the embankment 7 which is under the track must also be retained to avoid a landslide.
  • These support constructions can be produced by a pile of earth as mentioned in the preamble to the present description, in particular with geotextile fabrics.
  • the external lateral wall or vertical facing of these embankments cannot be inclined as mentioned in the preamble. It is therefore very difficult to protect from external agents, in particular ultraviolet rays which cause their destruction by a polymerization of geotextile fabrics forming the envelopes of the loose layers.
  • the present invention aims to achieve a support construction of the type "layers wrapped in geotextile fabrics" having natural protection and having, moreover, ease of realization, especially up to construction final road network on the upper level.
  • FIG. 3 Such a construction appears in Figure 3.
  • a support construction as shown schematically at 7 in Figure 2.
  • a first layer 9 called "cleanliness layer” terminated by a retaining construction wall 10 comprising a base or base 11 and a vertical wall 12 which may optionally include ribs 13 perpendicular to this wall.
  • the stacking of these layers 15 is limited laterally by an edge located substantially in a vertical plane 17, the ends 18 of these superimposed layers of the stack being retained by the fabric geotextile 16.
  • this stack of layers 15 is located at a certain distance from the interior surface 19 of the wall 10, in order to delimit, between its borders 18 and the surface 19 of the wall facing these borders, a space 20.
  • the retaining wall 10 has a height greater than that of the stack of layers 15, so that, substantially at the top 21 thereof, it is possible to have, in particular on an entablature 22 which can be supported by the top 23 of rib 13, retaining plates 24, one of the ends 25 of which rests on the entablature 22 and the other end 26 on the top 27 of this stack of layers 15. These retaining plates 24 thus make it possible to block the space 20 at its top 28, preventing the penetration of both light rays and solid products.
  • metal wires or plates 29 can be hung at the level of the entablature, for example cast in concrete and hung on irons d 'reinforcement as illustrated schematically at 30, these son then being deposited in and / or on the layers 15 to be pinched and therefore perfectly held.
  • edges 18 of the layers of the stack 15 are perfectly protected from ultraviolet rays, in particular by the wall 10 and the retaining plates 24 which prevent any possibility of penetration of sunlight in space 20, as well as foreign solid bodies.
  • these edges 18 are not brought into direct contact with the retaining wall 10, and more particularly with its inner surface 19, which means that no lateral force is exerted on this wall. Even if these layers 15 were to settle, which always occurs a little, they would not bear directly by their edge 18 on the face 19 of the wall 10.
  • the characteristic shape of the retaining plates 24, and in particular of their two ends 25 and 26 bearing respectively on the entablature 22 and the top 27, by rounded edges, allows rotation of the retaining plate 24 when the stack of layers 15 comes to settle, the rotation being effected by the point of contact 36 of the rounded end 25 of the retaining plate in direct contact with the entablature 22 of the retaining wall 10.
  • One of the additional advantages is that a portion of the stack of layers 15, more particularly the portion resting on the portion 14 of the base 11, makes it possible to ensure the stability of the retaining wall 10, and thus avoids possible tilting of it outward.
  • the retaining wall 10 supports very little effort which is due only to its weight and to the road part 31 resting at its upper vertex, which is very little, and in no way to the whole mass of earth constituted by the stack of layers 15. Therefore, the retaining wall 10 can be of a light construction, and therefore of a very low cost price.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate, in two sectional views, two successive stages of the process for producing the construction of the retaining wall as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a first layer possibly even of concrete, called “cleanliness", 9, is produced from the horizontal surface 5 cut out from the side of the mountain, having a thickness substantially equal to that of the base 11 of the retaining wall 10.
  • a first layer of geotextile fabric 40 which is brought up along a formwork 41 which is positioned in particular with respect to the inner surface 19 of the retaining wall 10, and advantageously against the edge 42 of the rib 13 as described above.
  • This formwork 41 is constituted by a first element forming a plate 43 having a planar surface 44 facing the layer 15 to be produced.
  • This plate 43 is positioned relative to the surface 42 by means of corners which can be slid relative to each other, this system comprising, the association of two corners 45 situated at two different levels, that is to say at the top and at the bottom of said plate 43.
  • the geotextile fabric 40 is wound up along the surface 44 and wound up above the formwork, awaiting the completion of the backfill layer 15 of a determined thickness.
  • the geotextile fabric 40 set aside at 46 is then unrolled on the surface 47 of the first packed layer 15 .
  • the bottom 48 of the plate 43 as constituted by a plank comprises a partially flexible plate 49 starting substantially from the middle of the bottom surface 48 of this plate 43, to come to the upper surface 39 of the cleanliness layer 9, by being curved, and thus allow the geotextile fabric to position itself well along the surface 44 to avoid, when the first layer 15 is produced and packed, that the loose material cannot escape between the face 48 of the plate 43 and the upper surface 50 of the base 11, and thus come into contact with the inner face 19 of the retaining wall 10.
  • the plate 43 is then positioned at a higher level against the wall 19, and more particularly against the edge 42 of the rib 13, to produce a second layer, the flexible plate 49 being repositioned on the first layer produced 15 and a second geotextile fabric 51 being unwound on this first layer 15 and reassembled along the surface 44 of the plate 43, in exactly the same way as above.
  • a second layer 15 is then deposited on the first layer 15 in the same manner as previously described, the surplus 146 of geotextile fabric being unrolled on the upper surface 52 of the second packed layer 15.
  • successive layers 15 will be produced one after the other, as described above, by sliding the formwork along the wall, with reference to its interior surface, and thereby sparing the interior space 20 mentioned. above.
  • the stack of layers 15 can generally settle.
  • the settlement can cause, via the link 29, a traction on the upper end of the retaining wall, the end 21 in particular, and therefore cause a torsion of the wall tending to make it go inward, it that is, towards stacking.
  • the stack of layers 15 may have a tendency, not to settle, but to swell.
  • forces opposite to the traction mentioned above are exerted on the upper end of the wall, tending to cause it to move away from the stack of layers 15.
  • these different twists, re-entering or leaving, such as described above can occur during different seasons, due for example to rain, frost, excessive heat.
  • this retaining wall and in particular as regards its rising part 12, a certain flexibility at the level of its base which is in connection with the base 11.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B, 6A and 6B represent an embodiment of the retaining wall 10 as illustrated in particular in FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B represent a retaining wall 10 with a base 80 on which is disposed a vertical side wall 81 possibly including ribs 82, thus forming, as shown in FIG. 5B, "T" walls associated with a base 80.
  • Such a "T” structure makes it possible to stiffen the vertical wall 81 in particular to the base 80. It is obvious that, for a sufficient length of vertical wall 81, it is necessary to provide a plurality of ribs 82 spaced from each other by a determined distance. Under these conditions, such a retaining wall cannot have enough flexibility to be able to absorb rotational deformations as defined above. A retaining wall is therefore produced as illustrated in FIG.
  • an orifice 88 is made in the vertical wall 81 which is sufficiently wide to be able to pass a tool and possibly come, as explained below, to destroy the lower part 84 of the rib 82, part made made of a destructible material, as mentioned above.
  • the layers 15 are stacked as described with reference in particular to FIG. 3.
  • This wall 81 in particular by its base 90, is situated in a plane which is parallel to the plane 17 passing through the lateral edge of the stack of layers 15. As the cutting forces are exerted perpendicular to this plane and like the lateral wall 81 a a small thickness, the lower part 90 then plays the role of a hinge and thus allows the upper part of the wall to undergo bending deformations in both directions as represented by the arrows 91 and 92, and to absorb, therefore, deformations such as q ue described above.

Claims (7)

  1. Stützbauwerk, welches auf einem Boden mit relativ horizontaler Oberfläche errichtet wird und
    - einen Stapel von Schichten (15) aus beweglichen Materialien, wobei diese Schichten aufeinander angeordnet sind,
    - eine biegsame Umhüllung (16), welche jede Schicht (15) zumindest teilweise umgibt, wobei der Stapel auf dem Boden (5, 9) derart angeordnet ist, daß mindestens die Ränder (18) der Schichten auf einer Seite des Stapels im wesentlichen in einer ersten, im wesentlichen vertikalen Ebene (17) liegen, und
    - eine Stützmauer (10), die mit einem Fuß (11) auf dem Boden (5, 9) aufsitzt und sich im wesentlichen parallel zu der genannten, in der ersten Ebene (17) liegenden Seite des Stapels erstreckt, wobei die Mauerkrone (21) der Mauer in einem Niveau liegt, das im wesentlichen höher als das obere Niveau (27) des Stapels liegt,
    aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Mauer (10) in einem gewissen Abstand vom Stapel angeordnet ist, um einen freien Raum (20) zwischen der Seite (18) des Stapels und der dem Stapel zugewandten Fläche (19) der Stützmauer (10) zu bilden.
  2. Bauwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützmauer (10) einen Fuß (11) aufweist, der auf dem Boden ruht, wobei der Stapel auf einem Abschnitt (14) des Fußes (11) ruht.
  3. Bauwerk nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützmauer (10) im wesentlichen im Bereich ihrer Mauerkrone (21) eine Stützfläche (22) sowie mindestens eine Stützbauwerk-Platte (24) aufweist, deren Enden (25, 26) im wesentlichen auf der Stützfläche (22) und auf dem Stapel ruhen, wobei diese Stützbauwerk-Platte (24) über dem Raum (20) angeordnet ist.
  4. Bauwerk nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Enden (25, 26) der Stützbauwerk-Platte (24) aus im wesentlichen abgerundeten Rändern bestehen.
  5. Bauwerk nach einem der vorigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Rippen (13) aufweist, die in dem Raum (20) in einer zweiten Ebene angeordnet sind, die im wesentlichen senkrecht zur ersten Ebene liegt, wobei diese Rippen (13) zumindest mit der Stützmauer einteilig ausgebildet sind.
  6. Verfahren zum Herstellen des Stützbauwerkes nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, mit folgenden Arbeitsgängen:
    a) Vorbereitung des im wesentlichen horizontalen Bodens (5, 9),
    b) Positionierung einer Stützmauer (10) auf diesem Boden,
    c) Nacheinander-Aufbringen der Schichten (15) des Stapels gegenüber der den Schichten (15) zugewandten Fläche (19) der Stützmauer (10),
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schichten (15) des Stapels gegenüber der den Schichten zugewandten Fläche (19) der Stützmauer (10) auf folgende Weise nacheinander hergestellt werden:
    d. Zum Herstellen einer einzigen Schicht (15) wird eine Schalungsplatte (43) mittels einer Anordnung von Keilen (45) gegenüber der Fläche (19) positioniert, wobei die Fläche (44) der Platte (43) im wesentlichen in der ersten Ebene (17) liegt, in welcher sich die Ränder (18) der Schichten nach ihrer Fertigstellung befinden sollen.
    e. Auf der Oberfläche, auf der die Schicht erstellt werden soll, wird das Material der Umhüllung (40, 51) ausgerollt und längs der Oberfläche (44) der Platte (43) hochgezogen.
    f. Das bewegliche Material (15) wird bis zu einer Höhe aufgebracht, die im wesentlichen durch das obere Niveau der Platte (43) bestimmt ist.
    g. Der Überschuß (46, 146) des Umhüllungsmaterials wird auf die obere Fläche (47, 52) der Schicht ausgerollt, wenn die Höhe der Schicht erreicht ist.
    h. Die Klemmung der Platte (43) der Schalung wird gelöst und dann diese Platte längs der Stützmauer (10) in eine Stellung oberhalb der hergestellten Schicht (15) verschoben, um die nächste Schicht (15) nach dem gleichen Herstellungsverfahren wie die vorhergehende Schicht zu realisieren, usw. usf. für die erforderliche Anzahl von Schichten.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Arbeitsgänge:
    a. Errichten der Stützmauer (10) mit Rippen (13), welche sich in einer zur Mauer senkrechten Ebene erstrecken, und mit einem auf dem Boden ruhenden Fuß (11), wobei die Rippen mit dem Fuß der Mauer fest verbunden sind.
    b. Lösen dieser festen Verbindung zwischen den Rippen und dem Fuß, sobald das Stapeln der Schichten beendet ist.
EP86402947A 1985-07-01 1986-12-29 Stützbauwerk und Verfahren zum Verwirklichen dieses Stützbauwerks Expired - Lifetime EP0273077B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8510380A FR2584113B1 (fr) 1985-07-01 1985-07-01 Construction de soutenement, procede pour realiser cette construction de soutenement, moyens pour mettre en oeuvre le procede
DE8686402947T DE3685881T2 (de) 1986-12-29 1986-12-29 Stuetzbauwerk und verfahren zum verwirklichen dieses stuetzbauwerks.
EP86402947A EP0273077B1 (de) 1986-12-29 1986-12-29 Stützbauwerk und Verfahren zum Verwirklichen dieses Stützbauwerks
AT86402947T ATE77860T1 (de) 1986-12-29 1986-12-29 Stuetzbauwerk und verfahren zum verwirklichen dieses stuetzbauwerks.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86402947A EP0273077B1 (de) 1986-12-29 1986-12-29 Stützbauwerk und Verfahren zum Verwirklichen dieses Stützbauwerks

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0273077A1 EP0273077A1 (de) 1988-07-06
EP0273077B1 true EP0273077B1 (de) 1992-07-01

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EP86402947A Expired - Lifetime EP0273077B1 (de) 1985-07-01 1986-12-29 Stützbauwerk und Verfahren zum Verwirklichen dieses Stützbauwerks

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EP (1) EP0273077B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE77860T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3685881T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2584113B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3532641A1 (de) * 1985-09-12 1987-03-19 Geotech Lizenz Ag Mauer mit einem massentragwerk, zugehoeriges bauelement und verfahren zur herstellung der mauer

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4306393A (en) * 1977-05-31 1981-12-22 Shelton Don F Swimming pool deck system
NL7904901A (nl) * 1979-06-22 1980-12-24 Volker Adriaan Beton Water Werkwijze voor het opbouwen van een langgerekt lichaam uit zand of dergelijk stortgoed.
BE890859A (fr) * 1981-10-26 1982-02-15 Saedeleer Ruddy J R De Werkwijze voor het bouwen van een kaaimuur en aldus gebouwde muur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0273077A1 (de) 1988-07-06
FR2584113B1 (fr) 1988-05-13
DE3685881T2 (de) 1992-12-24
ATE77860T1 (de) 1992-07-15
FR2584113A1 (fr) 1987-01-02
DE3685881D1 (de) 1992-08-06

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