EP0512932B1 - Vorgefertiges Modulelement zum Trockenbauen von Stützbauwerken, Konstruktion unter Verwendung dieses Elements und Methode für die trockene Herstellung dieses Bauwerks - Google Patents

Vorgefertiges Modulelement zum Trockenbauen von Stützbauwerken, Konstruktion unter Verwendung dieses Elements und Methode für die trockene Herstellung dieses Bauwerks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0512932B1
EP0512932B1 EP92420143A EP92420143A EP0512932B1 EP 0512932 B1 EP0512932 B1 EP 0512932B1 EP 92420143 A EP92420143 A EP 92420143A EP 92420143 A EP92420143 A EP 92420143A EP 0512932 B1 EP0512932 B1 EP 0512932B1
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Prior art keywords
unit
retaining
female
face
male
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP92420143A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0512932A1 (de
Inventor
Marcel Bianco
Patrice Loch
Bruno Resenterra
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BIANCO, MIRANDA
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Bianco Miranda
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of building and the production of construction works produced from modular prefabricated elements assembled dry.
  • the invention relates, more particularly, to a modular prefabricated element the stacking of which in dry bunk beds allows the construction of construction works, of the type of retaining or submerged works of all types, such as, for example, walls or walls, dykes, quay walls, pierced, paving, paving or other.
  • the invention also relates to structures made from modular prefabricated elements, as well as to the dry erection process of the construction structure.
  • the object of the present invention therefore aims to provide a modular prefabricated element for the dry erection of construction works not having the drawbacks of the elements of the prior art mentioned above and making it possible, in particular, to reduce the thickness of the construction work, without compromising the stability of the assembly.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a modular prefabricated element making it possible to contain the tensile force developed on the structure outside the retaining veil.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a modular prefabricated element, the implementation of which proves to be simple, safe, rapid and capable of ensuring precise positioning of the different elements relative to each other.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of producing a retaining or submerged structure from prefabricated modular elements, said method being of a particularly simple, rapid and safe implementation.
  • Fig. 1 shows, in a perspective view, a first alternative embodiment of a prefabricated modular element according to the invention provided with lugs and a flange comprising recesses.
  • Fig. 2 shows, in a perspective view, a second alternative embodiment of a modular prefabricated element according to the invention comprising two lugs and a flange in the shape of a "T" .
  • Fig. 3 shows, in a perspective view, a third alternative embodiment of a modular prefabricated element according to the invention comprising a projecting edge and a drop-down flange with longitudinal engagement.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 show, respectively, in a front view and in a cross-sectional view taken according to the line VV of fig. 4, the details of the variant shown in FIG. 1.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 show, respectively, in a front view and a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 6, the details of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
  • Figs. 8 and 9 show, respectively, in a front view and a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX of FIG. 8, the details of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
  • Fig. 10 shows, in a side view, a retaining structure according to the invention and consisting of a successive stack of modular prefabricated elements.
  • Figs. 11 and 12 show, according to front views, two types of retaining structures produced from modular prefabricated elements according to the invention respectively showing a structure with aligned joints and crossed joints.
  • Fig. 13 shows, in a cross section, the elongation of a work sole using a modular prefabricated element according to the invention.
  • the modular prefabricated element 1, shown in fig. 1, comprises a main body 2 forming a block, of general shape assimilable, for example, to a polyhedron, and constituted, in the present case, preferably, by a cubic or parallelepipedic body.
  • the latter defines a lower face 3 constituting the base of the main body 2, lateral faces 4, an outer facing face 5, an upper bearing face 6 and a retaining face 7 facing the mass to be supported and intended for the contain.
  • the main body 2 can be made of any material suitable for construction and prefabrication by molding and be, for example, in poured concrete.
  • the faces thus defined are generally planar, but may include variations in hollow or protruding volume.
  • Each modular prefabricated element 1 comprises, on its retaining face 7, blocking means intended to cooperate and to act in relation to identical blocking means present on another modular prefabricated element disposed in the structure to be formed, in the immediately upper or lower position.
  • These locking means consist of self-engaging means and comprise at least one male conformation 11 and at least one female conformation 12, arranged in opposition on the retaining face 7, respectively at its upper part and at its lower part close to the base 3.
  • the male conformations 11 are two in number and consist of two lugs aligned with respect to each other, extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the retaining face 7, from the upper part of said face.
  • the pins are preferably made up of trunks of pyramids with a rectangular or square base.
  • the two pins 11 are arranged in the first quarter and in the last quarter of the length of the retaining face 7.
  • the female conformation 12 consists of a drop-down flange 13, similar to a rectangular parallelepiped, integral by its upper part with the lower part of the retaining face 7 and extending, from the latter, in a main extension plane parallel to the plane defining the retaining face 7.
  • the falling flange 13 extends, for the most part, under the lower limit of the main body 2 defined by the extension plane of its main base 3.
  • Two recesses 14, of shape and dimensions adapted to those of the lugs 11 and, in the present case, of fruit identical to the trunk of pyramid of the lugs 11, are formed in the body of the flange 13, at a level below the base 3.
  • the arrangement of the locking means 11, 12, outside the support polygon of the main body 2, allows self-engagement of the male and female conformations outside said polygon and the maintenance of the traction forces outside this same polygon.
  • FIGS. 2, 6 and 7 do differs from that presented in figs. 1, 4 and 5 only by a separate female conformation 12 .
  • the latter can be likened to a falling flange in the shape of a "T" , the main leg 15 of which, for example of square or rectangular section, is secured, by its upper end 15 a , to the lower part of the support face 7.
  • the dimensions, and in particular the cross section of the leg 15, are such that they allow passage of said leg 15 between the two lugs 11 of another modular element in the event of association of the two elements.
  • the leg 15 extends, consequently, from the retaining face 7, partly under the lower limit of the base 3, so that the end bar 16 of the flange in the shape of "T" extends , preferably, in a plane parallel to the retaining face 7 and over a sufficient distance from the lateral ends of the leg 15, to form two bearing surfaces 17.
  • the latter are intended to cooperate with conjugate surfaces present on the male conformations 11 belonging to an immediately lower modular element in the construction work.
  • the variant embodiment shown in FIGS. 3, 8 and 9 differs from the two previous variants by a particular structure of the male 11 and female 12 conformations forming the self-engaging system.
  • the male conformation 11 consists of a projecting border 20 relative to the plane of extension of the retaining face 7 defining a front face 21, preferably parallel to the retaining face 7, and an upper face also extending; preferably in the same plane, the upper face 6 of the main body 2.
  • the projecting edge 20 has lateral faces extending, in the same plane, the lateral faces 4 of the main body 2.
  • the female conformation 12 consists of a drop flange extending, at least in part, under the base 3, from the lower part of the retaining face 7.
  • the drop-back flange 13 defines, with the surface of base 3 a cross-section flange in "U" shape, the two wings "U” being, respectively, constituted, on the one hand, by the base 3 and, on the other hand, by a fallen edge 25 extending from the rear face 26 of the flange 13.
  • the dimensions and profile of the "U" flange are adapted to the dimensions and profiles of the projecting edge 20, so as to ensure their respective self-engagement.
  • the modular prefabricated elements 1 are of shape similar to a rectangular parallelepiped, but it is obvious that other shapes of the main body 2 are achievable and the main body could thus be produced, for example, in the form of a '' a block with a hexagonal, octagonal, pentagonal base, etc ... It is also obvious, that in place of the lugs in the shape of a pyramid trunk with rectangular base, other forms of lugs, of cylindrical, cubic type or others are achievable.
  • the material used for the manufacture and the production of the prefabricated blocks can be produced, not only based on reinforced concrete, but also based on other materials, of the resins type for example.
  • Fig. 10 shows a retaining structure consisting of a wall produced from the dry stacking in superimposed beds of several prefabricated modular elements.
  • the outer envelope defined by the stack of all the main bodies 2, defines the wall retaining veil intended to support an embankment 27.
  • the retaining wall rests on a sole 28, preferably partially buried in the ground and comprising, in its upper part, a support zone 29 of section substantially equivalent to the base 3 of each modular element, so as to support the first element of the wall.
  • the support zone 29 also defines a facing face 30 and a supporting face 31, from which extends at least one male conformation 11 similar to that previously defined. Such a conformation is intended to act in relation to a female conformation 12 of the modular prefabricated element resting on the support zone 29, so to perform the relative self-engagement of the two blocks.
  • the method consists, first of all, of putting in place, by all appropriate means and generally in a traditional manner, at least one work sole 28 having at least one male conformation 11 on its retaining face 31.
  • the method consists, then , to set up each prefabricated modular element 1, individually and successively, according to a series of very precise steps corresponding to displacements of each element 1, materialized by the dotted lines in FIG. 10.
  • the method consists, first of all, of hooking each element 1 to a lifting means, not shown in the figures, and including, for example, a crane to which the element 1 is connected by slings 33 fixed, preferably, at two points on the upper face 6.
  • the attachment will be made so that the modular prefabricated element 1 has, as shown in position A1 in FIG. 10, its base 3 with an inclination ⁇ relative to the support face 6, generally horizontal, of each lower prefabricated element on which it must rest.
  • the attachment point will also be chosen, advantageously, so that the inclination is such that the female conformation 12 is directed downwards in the direction of the male conformation to be engaged and is located on the lowest side of the inclined base 3 .
  • the method then consists in hoisting the modular element to be put in place at the end of the lifting means and bringing it above and in position of relative alignment, as shown in position A1 , with the sole 28 or the lower modular element on which said element to be installed must rest. During this positioning step, the male and female conformations must be prepositioned in relative alignment.
  • the next step is to adjust gradually the presentation of the modular element by displacement of the lifting means so that the female conformation 12 also comes, gradually, in contact with the male conformation (s) 11 of the sole 28 or of the prefabricated modular element 1 on which must rest the element to be put in place.
  • Such a presentation adjustment phase is shown, for example, in the position A2 shown in dotted lines.
  • the female conformation 12 is presented so that its recesses 14 or its bearing faces 17 or fallen edges 25 and rear faces 26 come progressively into contact with the lugs 11 and their mating receiving faces, so as to initiate progressive and mutual self-engagement of said conformations.
  • the base 3 is always inclined, as shown in position A2.
  • the terminal phase of the process then consists in carrying out the complete self-engagement of the male and female conformations by tilting, by simple rotation in the direction of the arrow f1, the element to be put in place so that its base 3 comes rest against the support surface 6 of the immediately lower block.
  • This terminal position, in which the self-engagement is complete, is shown by position A3.
  • the method then consists in detaching the modular element from the lifting means and in proceeding with the establishment of another modular element according to the same principle and the same phases as previously defined until the complete erection of the structure at the desired height.
  • the angle ⁇ of inclination can, of course, be more or less pronounced and, at the limit, can be zero, the self - engagement of the male and female conformations then taking place without rotation towards the rear of the block to be put in place, by simply sliding back and forth.
  • the modular element when using prefabricated modular elements, such as those shown in fig. 3, the modular element can be presented laterally to the sole 28 or to the element on which it must rest, the progressive self-engagement being ensured by a longitudinal displacement of the element 1, in the direction longitudinal of the groove defined by section "U" of the flange 13.
  • the static operation and the distribution of the forces developed in the retaining wall are shown in fig. 10.
  • the thrust of the slope Q and the weight G of the retaining veil result in the force R.
  • the point of intersection C of this resulting force R and of the plane formed by the bearing surface of the sole 28 is situated outside the retaining veil and, in particular, outside the support polygon of each block, which contributes to creating instability in the overturning of the first prefabricated modular element resting on the sole 28.
  • This force Fb applied at point B under the lug 11 of the sole 28, has a vertical direction and cuts the resultant R at the point noted O.
  • the resultant R has as another component the force Fa applied to the point of contact A between the first block resting on the sole 28 and said sole.
  • the sliding stability, resulting from the force Fa is ensured by friction at point A or, again, by abutment of the flange 13 on the support face 7 of each element on the element previously placed.
  • the proposed self-locking system allows, compared to the conventional wall-weight, to reduce the thickness of the retaining veil, without compromising the stability of the assembly, insofar as the tensile force is contained at the rear of the retaining veil and the retaining phase made.
  • Fig. 11 shows , in a front view, a retaining wall made from modular elements according to the invention and stacked dry in aligned joints 40, both vertically and horizontally.
  • Fig. 12 shows , in an identical front view, a retaining wall made from the same modular elements of the invention, but with a successive stack forming crossed joints 41.
  • the male and female conformations of the same element are each engaged, respectively, with identical conformations belonging to different elements.
  • a modular element is, in this case, linked with four other modular elements, while, in the embodiment with aligned joints, a modular element is linked only with two other modular elements.
  • Fig. 13 shows , in a longitudinal cross section, a work sole 28 whose support body 28 a on the ground has been elongated, in order to improve stability by adding a prefabricated modular element 1, of flange type fallout 13 for example.
  • the support body 28 a has, on its upper face at least one and, preferably, two male conformations 11, such as lugs extending substantially vertically from said face.
  • the modular element 1 is arranged with its facing face 5 resting on the ground, the male and female conformations 11, 12 extending from the opposite face 7.
  • the modular element 1 is wedged. by its face 3, against the vertical face of the support body 28 a , the drop-down flange 13 coming to engage with the lugs 11 of the support body 28 a and thus lock the two units together.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Modulares Fertigelement (1) zur Errichtung von Stütz- oder Grundmauerwerken, wobei das genannte Element (1) dazu vorgesehen ist, mit weiteren identischen modularen Fertigelementen Seite an Seite und in übereinanderliegenden Lagen angeordnet zu werden, um das Mauerwerk zu schaffen und eine Stützschale zu bilden, wobei jedes Element aus
    - einem Hauptkörper (2), der mindestens eine Unterseite (3), eine obere Auflageseite (6) und eine Stützseite (7), die dazu gedacht ist, der Masse des zu stützenden Mauerwerks zugewandt zu werden, aufweist,
    - und Verriegelungsmitteln (11, 12), die mit Verriegelungsmitteln (12, 11) benachbarter modularer Elemente zusammenwirken sollen,
    besteht,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    - der Körper (2) so ausgeführt ist, daß er an seiner Stützseite (7) einen rückspringenden Flansch (13) aufweist,
    - und daß die Verriegelungsmittel (11, 12) aus sich gegenseitig einhakenden Mitteln bestehen, die mindestens eine Steckerform (11) und mindestens eine Einsteckform (12) in zueinander passenden Formen aufweisen, welche außerhalb des Tragepolygons des Körpers (2) an der Stützseite (7) bzw. an dem Flansch (13) angeordnet sind, wobei die Stecker- (11) und die Einsteckform (12) dazu gedacht sind, sich mit der Einsteckform (12) bzw. der Steckerform (11) der benachbarten Elemente wechselseitig zu verhaken, so daß der Zugbeanspruchung (Fb), die sich durch die zu stützende Masse ergibt, standgehalten wird.
  2. Element nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Steckerform mindestens einen und vorzugsweise zwei Vorsprünge (11), die sich von dem oberen Teil der Stützseite (7) aus erstrecken, und als Einsteckform (12) mindestens eine und vorzugsweise zwei Aussparungen (14), deren Form und Abmessung an die der genannten Vorsprünge (11) angepaßt sind, aufweist, wobei die genannten Aussparungen (14) in dem zurückspringenden Flansch (13) und in seinem sich unter der Unterseite (3) erstreckenden Teil ausgeführt sind.
  3. Element nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorsprünge (11) die Form eines Pyramidenstumpfs mit rechtwinkeliger Basis haben und die Aussparungen (14) einen gleichen Einzug aufweisen wie die Vorsprünge (11).
  4. Element nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Steckerform zwei Vorsprünge (11) aufweist, die sich von dem oberen Teil der Stützseite (7) aus erstrecken, und als Einsteckform (12) zwei Auflageflächen (17) aufweist, die von einem Querbalken (16) abgegrenzt werden, der sich von einem Längsbalken (15) aus erstreckt, der mit dem Querbalken einen zurückspringenden T-förmigen Flansch bildet, wobei die Dicke des Balkens (15) geringer ist als der Abstand zwischen den beiden Vorsprüngen (11), so daß der genannte Balken (15) zwischen den beiden Vorsprüngen (11) eines angrenzenden modularen Elements hindurchpaßt und die Auflageflächen (17) mit den Vorsprüngen (11) eines angrenzenden modularen Elements zusammenwirken können.
  5. Element nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Steckerform einen hervorstehenden Rand (20), und als Einsteckform eine Rückseite (26) aufweist, die sich zwischen den beiden Schenkeln eines Flanschs mit U-förmigem Profil erstreckt, wobei der hervorstehende Rand (20) und die Rückseite (26) mit einer Rückseite bzw. einem hervorstehenden Rand an einem angrenzenden Bauelement zusammenwirken sollen.
  6. Element nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der hervorstehende Rand (20) sich von der Oberseite (6) des Hauptkörpers (2) aus erstreckt, die er über der Stützfläche (7) verlängert.
  7. Stütz- oder Grundmauerwerk,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es das trockene Verlegen von modularen Fertigelementen 1 gemaß Anspruch 1 in übereinanderliegenden Lagen auf mindestens einer Sohle (28) umfaßt, die mindestens Steckerformen aufweist, welche sich mit den Einsteckformen der umittelbar darauf verlegten modularen Elemente gegenseitig verhaken können.
  8. Mauerwerk nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die modularen Elemente (1) mit versetzten Fugen oder mit aufeinander ausgerichteten Fugen verlegt werden.
  9. Verfahren zur trockenen Verlegung eines Stütz- oder Grundmauerwerks aus modularen Fertigelementen (1) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht,
    - in herkömmlicher Weise mindestens eine Mauerwerksohle (28) zu verlegen, die mindestens eine Steckerform (11) an ihrer Stützseite aufweist,
    - das zu verlegende modulare Element (1) am Ende eines Hubmittels (33) dergestalt einzuhängen und hochzuheben, daß das Element mit seiner Einsteckform (12) nach unten gerichtet ist,
    - das modulare Element über und in ausgerichtete Position zu der Sohle zu führen, um die Steckerform und die Einsteckform zueinander auszurichten,
    - den Vorschub des modularen Elements durch Verschieben zu regeln, so daß seine Einsteckform schrittweise mit der oder den Steckerformen der Sohle in Kontakt kommt, um deren schrittweises gegenseitiges Einhaken zu bewirken, welches vollendet ist, wenn das modulare Element auf der Sohle an seinem Platz ist,
    - das modulare Element von dem Hubmittel zu lösen und nach dem gleichen Prinzip weitere Stützelemente anzubringen, bis das gesamte Mauerwerk errichtet ist.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht, das modulare Fertigelement so einzuhängen, daß es mit seiner Basis (3) eine Neigung (a) gegenüber der Auflageseite (6) des unmittelbar darunter befindlichen Elements aufweist.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht,
    - das modulare Element so einzuhängen, daß seine Basis eine Neigung aufweist, wobei die Einsteckform sich an der tiefsten Seite der geneigten Basis befindet,
    - den Vorschub des modularen Elements zu regeln, indem der Eingriff der Steckerform und der Einsteckform gewährleistet wird und die Basis des genannten Elements gleichzeitig in geneigter Position gehalten wird,
    - sodann das schrittweise gegenseitige Verhaken der Formen zu gewährleisten, indem das genannte Element durch Drehen gekippt wird, so daß seine geneigte Basis nach und nach auf der Auflagefläche des unmittelbar darunter befindlichen Elements aufgesetzt wird.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht,
    - das modulare Element über die und seitlich zur Sohle zu führen,
    - den Vorschub durch schrittweises Verschieben des modularen Elements in Längsrichtung zu regeln, so daß die Steckerform und die Einsteckform durch Ineinandergleiten miteinander eingreifen und dabei das schrittweise gegenseitige Verhaken gewährleisten.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht, die Mauerwerksohle mit einem modularen Fertigelement zu verlängern, das mit seiner Fassadenseite auf dem Boden ruht und mit seinen Einsteckformen an Steckerformen gekuppelt ist, die sich von der Mauerwerksohle aus erstrecken.
EP92420143A 1991-05-02 1992-04-30 Vorgefertiges Modulelement zum Trockenbauen von Stützbauwerken, Konstruktion unter Verwendung dieses Elements und Methode für die trockene Herstellung dieses Bauwerks Expired - Lifetime EP0512932B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9105658A FR2676077B1 (fr) 1991-05-02 1991-05-02 Element prefabrique modulaire pour l'erection a sec d'ouvrages de soutenement, ouvrage de construction realise a partir dudit element, et procede d'erection a sec dudit ouvrage.
FR9105658 1991-05-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0512932A1 EP0512932A1 (de) 1992-11-11
EP0512932B1 true EP0512932B1 (de) 1995-08-23

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EP92420143A Expired - Lifetime EP0512932B1 (de) 1991-05-02 1992-04-30 Vorgefertiges Modulelement zum Trockenbauen von Stützbauwerken, Konstruktion unter Verwendung dieses Elements und Methode für die trockene Herstellung dieses Bauwerks

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EP (1) EP0512932B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE126852T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69204208T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2079165T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2676077B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3018131T3 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2264726A (en) * 1992-02-27 1993-09-08 Chu Rey Chin Demountable multi-storey car park
DE29600873U1 (de) * 1996-01-19 1996-03-14 Betz Beton Bausatz für eine Wandeinrichtung aus Betonfertigteilen
DE19834022A1 (de) * 1998-07-28 2000-02-03 Krupp Foerdertechnik Gmbh Stützwand für Tagebaue
FR3115547B1 (fr) * 2020-10-26 2022-11-18 Layrac Btp Bloc de béton empilable pour mur de soutènement

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DE9015196U1 (de) * 1990-10-08 1991-02-21 Sf-Vollverbundstein-Kooperation Gmbh, 2820 Bremen, De

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GR3018131T3 (en) 1996-02-29
DE69204208T2 (de) 1996-05-02
ES2079165T3 (es) 1996-01-01
EP0512932A1 (de) 1992-11-11
ATE126852T1 (de) 1995-09-15
FR2676077B1 (fr) 1993-09-03
DE69204208D1 (de) 1995-09-28
FR2676077A1 (fr) 1992-11-06

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