EP0296013B1 - Rohrförmiges Gebilde - Google Patents

Rohrförmiges Gebilde Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0296013B1
EP0296013B1 EP88401360A EP88401360A EP0296013B1 EP 0296013 B1 EP0296013 B1 EP 0296013B1 EP 88401360 A EP88401360 A EP 88401360A EP 88401360 A EP88401360 A EP 88401360A EP 0296013 B1 EP0296013 B1 EP 0296013B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
raft
side elements
construction according
brackets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88401360A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0296013A1 (de
EP0296013B2 (de
Inventor
Marcel Matière
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from US07/058,567 external-priority patent/US4836714A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT88401360T priority Critical patent/ATE61075T1/de
Publication of EP0296013A1 publication Critical patent/EP0296013A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0296013B1 publication Critical patent/EP0296013B1/de
Publication of EP0296013B2 publication Critical patent/EP0296013B2/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F5/00—Draining the sub-base, i.e. subgrade or ground-work, e.g. embankment of roads or of the ballastway of railways or draining-off road surface or ballastway drainage by trenches, culverts, or conduits or other specially adapted means
    • E01F5/005—Culverts ; Head-structures for culverts, or for drainage-conduit outlets in slopes

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a hollow construction with a flat bottom resting on a leveled and compacted laying surface, and consisting of sections placed end to end and each formed of juxtaposed wall elements.
  • Such a conduit consists of tubular sections placed end to end each comprising at least one substantially planar raft element placed on the ground or else cast in place, two side elements placed on either side of the raft and, in the case of a buried duct, a vault element resting on the upper ends of the side elements so as to close the duct.
  • Each side element comprises a curved wall of generally vertical orientation and which connects tangentially, upwards with the 'vault element and down, horizontally, with the element to radiate so as to form a smooth wall whose curvature varies continuously.
  • the two side elements are each provided with stabilizing members which, in the embodiment described in the patent, consist of studs with substantially section triangular, distributed at the base of the side element, each stud providing a flat support face which allows the side element to stand on its own without scaffolding.
  • stabilizing members consist of studs with substantially section triangular, distributed at the base of the side element, each stud providing a flat support face which allows the side element to stand on its own without scaffolding.
  • the side elements are connected at their base with the elements to be erased by concrete joints constituting real keyings, ensuring the assembly of the assembly.
  • the lower edges of the side elements and the longitudinal edges of the raft are provided with reinforcements protruding on standby and, when the side elements are installed, a space is left between the longitudinal edges opposite. which intersect these reinforcements which are then drowned in a mortar of sealing cast in place
  • the two side elements are not connected to each other by a raft, this being cast in place, thereafter, and may even be constituted simply by the ground, by example the bed of a river.
  • the present invention therefore applies to conduits of the type described in European patent application 00 81 402 and relates to a particular arrangement of the side elements allowing them to support the weight of the vault without being secured to the raft.
  • the invention has other advantages and makes it possible to implement other characteristics which will be described in detail below.
  • each side element is constituted by an enlarged sole comprising two wings extending horizontally in a console on either side of the side wall of the side element, the latter comprising a part substantially vertical lower, perpendicular to said sole and extended upward by an upper part curved inward.
  • each section comprises at least one arch element resting on the upper edges of the two side elements so as to form a closed duct
  • the outer wing of the support flange of each side element must extend over a width sufficient to ensure the stability of the element against the lateral thrust exerted by the arch element.
  • the two side elements and the raft element are provided, respectively, along their longitudinal edges facing thinned ends in the form of short consoles having, respectively, profiles reversed providing longitudinal bearing faces inclined at the same non-zero angle relative to the vertical and, when installing the elements, the distance between the internal edges of the two side elements is less smaller than the width of the raft element so that the short consoles facing each other overlap each other and that their inclined bearing faces are applied two by two to each other, said consoles having a profile and mechanical characteristics determined so as to allow them to transmit to the element to write off at least part of the forces supported by the side elements or vice versa.
  • the short brackets formed along the internal edges of the side elements pass over the short brackets of the longitudinal edges of the raft element, but it is also possible, in certain cases, to use the reverse arrangement.
  • the embodiment according to the invention of the side elements is particularly suitable for the production of a liquid circulation channel open upwards and consisting of sections placed end to end each comprising two side elements to enlarged soles placed on either side of a raft element.
  • each longitudinal joint between a lower edge of the arch element and the upper edge of the corresponding side element comprises at least two articulated supports axially spaced from one another and between which the faces end of the side and arch elements are set back with respect to the median plane of the joint so as to provide a free space in which transverse standby armatures extend associated with longitudinal anchoring irons, the assembly being secured by a sealing mortar poured into said free space.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown, in cross section, a tubular construction which may be, for example, an underground passage for the circulation of vehicles or a liquid circulation conduit.
  • This duct is of the general type described in European application 00 81402 and is therefore produced by association of tubular sections placed end to end and each consisting, in cross section, of four prefabricated elements, respectively a raft element 1, two side elements. 2 and 2 ', placed on either side of the raft and an arch element 3 resting, by its lower edges 31, on the upper parts 21 of the side elements 2, 2'.
  • the arch element 3 and the upper parts 21 of the side walls 20 of the side elements 2 constitute cylindrical sectors of revolution centered on the same longitudinal axis.
  • other shapes are possible, insofar as the centers of curvature are placed in the median planes PP ′ of the longitudinal joints 8, 8 ′ between the arch element 3 and the side elements 2 so as to maintain the continuity of curvature.
  • the upper part of the duct therefore forms a semicircular arch as in European application 00 81 402.
  • the present invention differs from the previous embodiment by the fact that the curved upper part 21 of the side wall 20 of each side element 2 is connected to a lower part 26 consisting of a vertical wall element centered on a support flange 7 which constitutes the base of the element 2 with a flat lower face 70 and comprises two wings 71, 72, s extending symmetrically inwards and outwards, on either side of the vertical lower part 26 of the wall 20, respectively over distances a1 and a2 from the median plane of the wall 26.
  • the distance a1 is determined according to the height h of the element 2 and its inwardly curved shape so as to prevent the inward tilting of the side element 2 when the latter is placed on the surface. installation 61.
  • the width a2 of the outer wing 72 is determined so as to prevent the overturning of the side element 2 when it supports the weight of the arch element 3.
  • the raft element 1 made up of a prefabricated panel can first be placed, then, on either side of the latter, the two side elements 2 and 2 ′.
  • the inner edges 11 of the raft member 15 and 73 of the sole 7 are spaced from each other so as to leave a space 13 in which intersect reinforcements 14, 74, left waiting along the edges 11, 73 of the raft and the side element.
  • the space 13 is then filled with a sealing concrete which produces a keyed joint ensuring a solidari perfect positioning of the side elements with the raft.
  • such an arrangement brings in particular the advantage of allowing the transmission to the element to write off 1 of the load supported by the side elements 2 and 2 ′ and consequently to distribute support constraints on a large area of the ground
  • the two side elements 2 and 2 ′ can resist by themselves the load applied by the arch element 3 and possibly the embankment which overcomes it without risk of tipping outwards. In this way, it is not necessary to wait for the production and setting of the keyed joints 13 to place the arch element 3 and, optionally, the backfill.
  • the use of widened soles 7 also has other advantages.
  • the support surface of width a1 + a2 can be determined so that the flanges 7, 7 'of the side elements 2, 2' are sufficient to transmit the weight of the load applied to the ground without the risk of settling. In this way, it is possible, in certain cases, to remove the raft 1 or at least to replace it with a part not provided to absorb the support forces.
  • each end 4 of a side element 2 is tapered at an angle to form a short console of substantially triangular section providing a longitudinal face 41 inclined at an angle A not zero with respect to the vertical, as is shown in detail in Figure 2.
  • Each end 5 of the raft 2 is thinned in the same way but in the opposite direction and therefore has a longitudinal face 51 inclined at the same angle A relative to the vertical.
  • the consoles 4 and 5 therefore have inverted profiles and can overlap each other when the elements are installed.
  • a seal 45 in the form of a continuous thin strip, is interposed, if necessary, between the inclined faces 41 and 51, so as to seal the duct both outward and inward. .
  • the inclined faces 41 of the brackets 4 are turned downwards and the inclined faces 51 of the brackets 5 are turned upwards.
  • the two consoles 4 of the side elements cover the two consoles 5 of the raft 1, the faces d 'support 41 and 51 applying one to the other.
  • the two side elements bear along their internal edge on the raft element 1.
  • the load applied to the upper part of the structure and taken up by the side elements is thus transmitted to the element of strike off 1 and is distributed over the entire surface of the latter, a more or less significant part however being transmitted directly to the ground by the support soles 7, 7 ′.
  • brackets 4 and 5 as well as the characteristics of the reinforcements 42, 52 with which they are provided must be determined so as to give the brackets 4, 5 the resistance necessary to withstand without risk of cracking the significant stresses resulting from the transmission of the load to the raft 1.
  • reinforcements 42, 52 incorporated in the concrete are well protected and can be tighter than reinforcements simply protruding on hold.
  • the raft elements consisted of prefabricated panels, but it is possible to use a similar arrangement on a raft cast in place by simply providing faces along the longitudinal edges of the latter. tilt support corresponding to that of the side elements.
  • the raft When the raft is cast in place, it is possible to give it a monolithic structure by providing overlapping reinforcements between the parts cast successively. This provides continuous support on the ground to maintain the power gment of the different sections of the upper part and resist variations in the applied forces or differential settlement.
  • the raft elements 1 consist of prefabricated panels laid flat on the ground, it is possible to offset the elements axially so that each transverse joint plane between the upper parts of two successive sections passes substantially to the center of a write-off element. In this way, the successive side elements are supported on the ground by means of the same raft element which is thus opposed to the possible effects of misalignment.
  • the raft 1 if it does not support by itself a sufficient load, is subjected to an upward thrust which is taken up by the internal wings 71 of the side elements 2 and 2 ′, both in the embodiment of FIG. 1 with keyed joint and in that of FIG. 2 with console joint.
  • the use, according to the invention, of widened support bases with a flat bottom improves the resistance of the side elements to the overturning moments resulting from this vertical thrust by pushing outwards the horizontal axis around which each element would tend to turn.
  • side elements 2 can also be used to maintain the raft 1 against an upward push under the effect of the water table in the case where the conduit is more or less immersed in it.
  • the side elements 2 will thus simply be placed on the raft elements 1
  • it may be necessary to maintain a certain connection between the elements for example to resist misalignments caused by differential settlements or when the direction of application of effort may vary.
  • Each tie rod 43 is provided at its two ends with heads 47 bearing on the faces 46, 56 of the consoles 4, 5 opposite the inclined faces 41, 51 and is subjected to a prestressing tension determining the application under pressure one on the other of said inclined faces with crushing of the seal 45.
  • the longitudinal joints 8 between the arch element 3 and the side elements 2 can also be the subject of a variant shown in detail in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the seal 8 between the upper part of the side element 2 and the arch element 3 is then produced in a mixed manner and comprises two articulated supports 81 spaced from one another and preferably placed at the two ends of the elements 2 and 3. These supports 81 define an articulation around a longitudinal axis and therefore comprise rounded protruding parts 82 formed, preferably, at the lower ends of the arch element 3 and resting on hollow parts 83 formed at the upper ends. of the side element 2.
  • a seal 85 is interposed between said support parts 82 and 83.
  • the articulated joints 81 extend over lengths (e) provided simply so that, overall, the load applied by the arch element (3) on each side element (2) is temporarily collected by said supports 81 without risk of 'crushing or cracking.
  • the vault elements 3 are first placed on the side elements 2 and 2 ′, providing the necessary seals between the faces of support 82, 83.
  • the articulated supports 81 thus produced allow slight relative displacements of the arch element 3 relative to the side elements 2 which remain perfectly held in place thanks to the use of enlarged soles 7, 7 '.
  • the different elements of the construction can thus be positioned relative to each other before being joined together by keying the seals 8.
  • FIG. 6 shows a particular application of the invention to the production of liquid circulation channels and in particular of irrigation channels which may have a very large cross section.
  • such a channel can be made up of sections placed end to end and each comprising a raft element 1 with a flat bottom interposed between two side elements 2 which can advantageously be produced according to the embodiment described above, each element side 2 being provided at its base with an enlarged sole 7 comprising two wings 71, 72 extending on either side of the vertical side wall 26.
  • the channel thus formed which can be used for the circulation of water or other liquid 14 can either be open upwards or be covered with a curved element 36 which, not having to support backfill, can be made in a light manner, for example in a corrugated plastic material so to have a certain stiffness.
  • a cover 36 protects the transported water against pollution and reduces the risk of evaporation, in particular if the plastic material used is opaque.
  • the side elements 2 exert on the ground a push corresponding simply to their own weight and which is distributed over the entire lower surface 70 of the sole 7.
  • the conduit is normally not placed in a trench but in a simple recess to reach the right soil. The risk of vertical thrust on the raft 1 under the effect of the water table is therefore reduced and the raft is subjected essentially to the load of the water 14 transported.
  • support soles 7 widened towards the outside allows the side elements 2 to resist the thrust of the water exerted on the side walls 20 which, in this case, are no longer interconnected by the arch element.
  • the thrust of the water on the internal wings 71 also improves the stability and, in the case where longitudinal joints with short brackets applied one on the other are used, determines a compression of the seal 45 which promotes sealing .
  • brackets 4 and 5 it may, moreover, be advantageous, as shown in FIG. 6, to reverse the arrangement of the brackets 4 and 5 so that the brackets 5 formed along the longitudinal edges of the raft 1 cover the brackets 4 constituting the internal edges of the sole 7 of the side elements 2.
  • the latter therefore resist the effects of overturning outwards under the pressure of the water 14, on the one hand thanks to the parts 72 of the sole 7 overflowing outwards and covered by the embankment R, and on the other hand thanks to the blocking effect of the raft 1 itself subjected to the weight of the water transported.
  • the inwardly curved shape of the side elements 2 also promotes stability by reducing the value of the horizontal force of thrust of the liquids.
  • the vault 3 is preferably made in one piece but it would not be prohibited, to limit the dimension of the elements in the case of a very large section, to achieve the vault in two parts resting one on the other with the key, the widened soles 7 allowing the side elements 2, 2 'to resist the lateral thrusts which result as long as the two parts of the vault are not secured between them.

Claims (12)

1. Hohlgebilde aus anstossenden Abschnitten, das auf einer planierten und festgestampften Venegefläche (61) liegt, wobei jeder Abschnitt aus nebeneinander angeordneten Wandelemente besteht und zwei Seitenelemente (2, 2') mit einer nach innen gewölbte Seitenwand, die jeweils auf der Verlegefläche (61) mittels eines Stabilisierungsgliedes (7) mit flachem Boden liegen sind, wodurch das Seitenelement ohne Gerüst aufrecht stehen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Seitenelement (2, 2') an dessen Fuss eine erweiterte Sohle (7) mit zwei Schenkel (71, 72) aufweist, die sich kragartig beiderseits der Seitenwand (20) des Elementes (2, 2') waagerecht erstrecken, wobei die letztere ein im wesentlichen vertikales, senkrecht zur Sohle (7) ausgerichtetes Unterteil (26) aufweist, das nach oben durch ein nach innen gewölbtes Oberteil (21) verlängert ist.
2. Hohlgebilde nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Bildung einer nach oben geschlossenen Rohrleitung jeder Abschnitt mindestens ein auf den Oberkanten (21) der beiden Seitenelemente (2, 2') aufliegendes Gewölbeteil (3) aufweist, und dass der Aussenschenkel (72) der Auflagesohle (7) des jeweiligen Seitenelementes (2, 2') sich über eine ausreichende Breite erstreckt um somit, unter Berücksichtigung der auf die Sohle ausgeübten Kräfte, die Standfestigkeit dieses Elementes (2, 2') gegen den durch das Gewölbeteil (3) ausgeübten Seitenschub zu gewährleisten.
3. Hohlgebilde nach Anspruch 1, bei dem jeder Abschnitt durch eine zwischen den Unterteilen der beiden Seitenelemente (2, 2') sich erstreckenden Grundplatte (1) nach unten verschlossen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Seitenelemente (2, 2') und die Grundplatte (I) jeweils entlang deren einander gegenüberliegenden Längskanten (22) (12) abgeschrägte als kurze Konsolen (4) (5) ausgebildete Enden aufweisen, mit jeweils verkehrte Profile, die nach ein und dem selben Winkel (A) zur Senkrechten geneigte längsgerichtete Auflageflächen (41) (51) bilden, und dass beim Verlegen der Elemente (1, 2) der Abstand (L) zwischen den Innenkanten (40) der beiden Seitenelemente (2, 2') kleiner als die Breite (L') der Grundplatte (1) ist, so dass die einander gegen- übediegenden kurzen Konsolen (4, 5) sich gegenseitig überdecken und deren geneigte Auflageflächen paarweise aufeinanderaufliegen, wobei diese Konsolen (4, 5) einen Profil und mechanische Eigenschaften aufweisen, die bestimmt sind, damit sie mindestens ein Teil der durch die Seitenelemente (2, 2') aufgenommenen Kräfte auf die Grundplatte (1) übertragen werden können oder umgekehrt.
4. Hohlgebilde nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die entlang der Innenkante (22) der Seitenelemente (2) gebildeten kurzen Konsolen (4) über die entlang der Längskanten (12) der Grundplatte (I) angeordneten kurzen Konsolen (5) vedaufen.
5. Hohlgebilde nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die entlang der Längskanten (12) der jeweiligen Grundplatte (1) gebildeten kurzen Konsolen (5) über den entlang der Innenkanten (22) der diese umgebenden Seitenelemente (2, 2') angeordneten kurzen Konsolen (4) verlaufen.
6. Hohlgebilde nach einem derAnsprüche 3,4,5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Dichtung (45) zwischen den gegeneinander angedrückten Auflageflächen (41) (51) dieser kurzen Konsolen (4) (5) dazwischengeschaltet ist.
7. Hohlgebilde nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Seitenelement (2,2') mit der Grundplatte (1) durch mehrere entlang der Längskanten der Elemente (1, 2) verteilten, im Abstand angeordneten Zugstangen (43) verbunden ist, welche die einander gegenüberliegenden kurzen Konsolen (4) (5) durchqueren, wobei diese Zugstangen (43) bei deren Abstützung auf den den Neigungsflächen entgegengesetzten Flächen (46) (56) dieser Konsolen (4) (5) derart gespannt werden, dass diese gegeneinander angedrückt werden.
8. Hohlgebilde nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Abschnitt eine Grundplatte (1) und zwei Seitenelemente (2, 2') aus Beton aufweist, um somit ein nach oben geöffneter Umlaufkanal für Flüssigkeit zu bilden.
9. Hohlgebilde nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kanal durch ein bogenförmiges Teil (36) aus Leichtmaterial abgedeckt ist, das auf den oberen Enden (21) der Seitenelemente (2) (2') aufliegt.
10. Hohlgebilde nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Längsfuge (8) zwischen einer Unterkante (31) des Gewölbeteils (3) und der Oberkante (21) des entsprechenden Seitenelementes (2) (2') mindestens zwei axial von einander entfernten Lager (81) aufweist, zwischen denen die Endflächen (28) (33) der Seiten- (2) und Gewölbeelemente (3) rückspringend zur Mittelebene (P) der Fuge (8) angeordnet sind, wodurch ein Freiraum mit darin freiliegenden, sich quer erstreckende Armierungen (27) (34) gebildet wird, denen längs angeordnete Verankerungen (35) zugeordnet sind, wobei die Baueinheit durch einen in diesen Freiraum (84) gegossenen Mörtel zusammengefügt Ist.
11. Hohlgebilde nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Uebertragung der durch das Gewölbeteil (3) ausgeübten Last sich die Gelenklager (81) jeweils über global ausreichende Entfernungen (e) erstrecken.
12. Hohlgebilde nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Gelenklager (81) aus abgerundeten, an den unteren Enden (31) des Gewölbeteils (3) angeordneten Vorsprüngen (82) besteht, die auf den oberen Enden (21) der Seitenelemente angeordneten Hohlteilen (83) abgestützt sind, wobei eine Dichtung zwischen diesen Auflager (82, 83) dazwischengeschaltet ist.
EP88401360A 1987-06-05 1988-06-03 Rohrförmiges Gebilde Expired - Lifetime EP0296013B2 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88401360T ATE61075T1 (de) 1987-06-05 1988-06-03 Rohrfoermiges gebilde.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/058,567 US4836714A (en) 1981-11-17 1987-06-05 Enclosed structures of very large cross-section, such as conduits, silos or shelters
US58567 2002-01-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0296013A1 EP0296013A1 (de) 1988-12-21
EP0296013B1 true EP0296013B1 (de) 1991-02-27
EP0296013B2 EP0296013B2 (de) 1998-04-01

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ID=22017626

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401360A Expired - Lifetime EP0296013B2 (de) 1987-06-05 1988-06-03 Rohrförmiges Gebilde
EP88401361A Expired - Lifetime EP0295175B2 (de) 1987-06-05 1988-06-03 Hohlkonstruktion mit ebener Grundplatte

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401361A Expired - Lifetime EP0295175B2 (de) 1987-06-05 1988-06-03 Hohlkonstruktion mit ebener Grundplatte

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EP (2) EP0296013B2 (de)
AT (2) ATE61075T1 (de)
DE (2) DE3861826D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2021150T5 (de)
GR (2) GR3001817T3 (de)

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WO2012123593A1 (es) * 2011-03-14 2012-09-20 Armatek Global Sl Procedimiento de fabricación de falsos túneles
CN102561219A (zh) * 2012-02-07 2012-07-11 孔民 一种组合式明洞涵洞
CN103243664B (zh) * 2013-05-22 2015-12-16 安徽水利开发股份有限公司 大孔径装配式钢筋混凝土涵洞构件
AT14917U1 (de) * 2014-08-26 2016-08-15 Ge Projekterrichtungsgmbh Bogenhaus
CN105926473B (zh) * 2016-04-27 2017-12-29 苏交科集团股份有限公司 预制涵洞的自调节施工工法
US10518440B2 (en) * 2016-08-22 2019-12-31 LowSpan LLC Pre-stressed box culvert and methods for assembly thereof
US11059201B2 (en) 2016-08-22 2021-07-13 LowSpan LLC Pre-stressed box culvert and methods for assembly thereof
CN115354592A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-11-18 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 一种装配式涵洞

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AT323074B (de) * 1969-10-25 1975-06-25 Hoesch Ag Tragende auskleidung für insbesondere kurvenförmig verlaufende durchlässe oder kanäle
FR2223513A1 (en) * 1973-03-30 1974-10-25 Socea Tunnel made from prefabricated sections - has roof slab supported on shoulders extending from upper face of walls
FR2286273A1 (fr) * 1974-09-26 1976-04-23 Fairclough Ltd Leonard Anneau pour garnitures de tunnels et garniture ainsi obtenue
DE2715127A1 (de) * 1977-04-05 1978-10-19 Lorenz Kesting Stahlbetonfertigteil fuer rohrtunnel, insbesondere der fernwaermeversorgung
US4314775A (en) * 1979-09-10 1982-02-09 Johnson Delp W Method of site casting tunnels, culverts, pressure pipes with minimum forming
US4497590A (en) * 1982-03-08 1985-02-05 Crs Group, Inc. Tunnel lining
FR2572746B1 (fr) * 1984-11-05 1987-01-30 Matiere Marcel Conduit multiple

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0295175B1 (de) 1991-02-27
DE3861826D1 (de) 1991-04-04
ATE61074T1 (de) 1991-03-15
GR3001817T3 (en) 1992-11-23
ATE61075T1 (de) 1991-03-15
ES2021150T5 (es) 1998-07-16
ES2021150B3 (es) 1991-10-16
EP0296013A1 (de) 1988-12-21
GR3001813T3 (en) 1992-11-23
EP0296013B2 (de) 1998-04-01
EP0295175A1 (de) 1988-12-14
EP0295175B2 (de) 1996-10-16
DE3861828D1 (de) 1991-04-04

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