EP0832315B1 - Verfahren zum entmetallisieren von hochsauren bädern und verwendung dieses verfahrens beim elektropolieren von edelstahloberflächen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum entmetallisieren von hochsauren bädern und verwendung dieses verfahrens beim elektropolieren von edelstahloberflächen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0832315B1 EP0832315B1 EP96921930A EP96921930A EP0832315B1 EP 0832315 B1 EP0832315 B1 EP 0832315B1 EP 96921930 A EP96921930 A EP 96921930A EP 96921930 A EP96921930 A EP 96921930A EP 0832315 B1 EP0832315 B1 EP 0832315B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- electropolishing
- ions
- weight
- phosphoric acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating
- C25F7/02—Regeneration of process liquids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for demetallizing highly acidic baths based on phosphoric and sulfuric acid.
- the invention further relates to the use of a demetallization process when electropolishing stainless steel surfaces (Stainless steel).
- Electropolishing or electrolytic polishing is a process electrochemical metalworking, in which the Polishing metal is usually connected as an anode in a circuit becomes.
- the electrolyte consists of an acid or an acid mixture. From the metal to be polished outstanding bumps (tips, Burrs) superficially dissolved and thus polished the metal. So the previously matt metal is smoothed and shiny.
- As an electrolyte is used for stainless steels and carbon steels mostly phosphoric acid-sulfuric acid mixtures with additives of catalysts, inhibitors and the like.
- the objects to be polished are the on the corresponding support and contact elements or devices hanging or in baskets or the like, in the electrolyte, d. H. the polishing bath, sunk and after a certain polishing time out of this. After this Drain the bath liquid from the polished surfaces the treated objects are then in rinsing baths dipped to remove the electrolyte.
- Electropolishing processes currently used for processing of stainless steels predominantly low-water mixtures of concentrated phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid as the electrolyte.
- the optimal working range in the metal content more common Electrolytes are usually between 35 g / l and 70 g / l (2 - 4% by weight).
- the electrolytes are up to the state of the art to a metal content of approx. 100 g / l, this corresponds to approx. 6% by weight, workable. With a higher metal content the decreases Polish quality drastically.
- the enriched electrolyte is removed either continuously on the carryover of the surface of the machined workpieces the electropolishing bath in the subsequent rinsing process, or by direct withdrawal.
- the removed electrolyte is either over a suitable wastewater treatment plant or directly processed that the resulting wastewater to the sewers can be released while the solids because of their content heavy metals are generally disposed of as hazardous waste have to.
- the invention is based on the idea that one with metal ions selectively enriched electrolytes the metal ions must withdraw if an electropolishing electrolyte without partial exchange be kept permanently functional by electrolyte should.
- Ordinary filtration processes (see DE-33 43 396 A1) are out of the question here, since in the course of a filtration yes only solid separated, not the concentration of metallic Ions is lowered.
- the state of the art membranes used in electrodialysis for example, compared to highly concentrated acid mixtures resistant.
- the aim of the present invention is thus a method that direct separation of metal ions including iron from the with the metal ions enriched electrolytes without that the electrolytes must be diluted significantly.
- the Concentration of the metal ions in the depleted electrolyte should ideally be adjusted so that the metal concentration the optimal working area is reached.
- those concentrated with metal ions are concentrated Mixtures based on phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid electrochemically demetallized.
- the separation of the metal ions of the electrolyte takes place by means of the generated in situ Diaphragm.
- the Suitable material can easily be found on the basis of simple experiments find.
- An electrolysis cell is used to carry out the method (Fig.1), their anodic and cathodic area are separated from each other by a porous partition.
- a porous partition When putting on of direct current to the electrolyte to be demetallized filled cell is formed by migration of the sulfate ions in the anolytes on the side of the catholyte one of sulfate ions depleted diffusion layer with high phosphoric acid content from, which complicates the passage of the metal ions and as Separation medium works.
- the higher the content of phosphoric acid in the mixture the lower the exchange of metal ions in principle through the diaphragm.
- the dissolved iron originally mainly lies in Form of readily soluble Fe (III) ions before. These are in the cathode compartment reduced to much less soluble Fe (II) ions and then fall in when the solubility limit is reached Form of iron (II) sulfate (mostly as cathode sludge). This is easy through appropriate processes such as sedimentation, Separate filtration, centrifugation etc. from the electrolyte. At the same time, nickel and chrome are also deposited. Advantageous it has also been shown that impurities in the electrolyte, those that got into them during electropolishing, largely bound to the sludge and also separated. In order to will be an accumulation of these substances at higher concentration could interfere with the electropolishing process.
- the iron content of the electrolyte is in the Usually around 2.5% by weight and thus in the ideal working range. After adding the sulfuric acid consumed by the precipitation and setting the correct density is the cleaned electrolyte usable again.
- the process works in a very wide mixing range of Phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid and is effective as soon as the metal content is over 40 g / l.
- a device for the recovery of entrained electrolytes and cleaned Water from the rinse water e.g. an evaporator in Connection with a suitable rinsing water supply is a waste water-free one Operation of electropolishing systems possible (Fig. 2).
- the sludge from the process contains the separated sludge Metals in high concentration. He can after appropriate treatment may be used for further use. With that created the conditions to avoid the generation of hazardous waste, which places a heavy burden on the landfills and high disposal costs caused.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method for demetallizing mixtures which are essentially phosphoric acid and contain sulfuric acid, the one enriched with metal ions Mixture is transferred to an electrolytic cell the Fe (III) ions are reduced to Fe (II) ions and these are then Form of Fe (II) sulfate can be precipitated.
- a regeneration of highly acidic electropolishing baths can be achieved.
- polishing stainless steel works with a current density of 5 - 50 A / dm 2 , preferably about 10 - 25 A / dm 2 , at about 40 - 80 ° C and a polishing time of approx. 15 min.
- the method of the invention can be in terms of actual electropolishing subsequent process stages optimize.
- electropolishing subsequent rinsing so that the rinse water using a cascade rinse with rinsing water regeneration (Evaporator) in a closed circuit.
- the electrolyte recovered from the rinse water can then be used again be fed into the process.
- the metal salts separated from the electrolyte during filtration contain the heavy metals in high concentration. she can, for example, be fed directly to an smelting process become. Through a treatment downstream of the filtration such as e.g. B. Rinsing with ice water can the metal salts as far from adhering acid residues are cleaned that a safe Handling is possible.
- the method according to the invention is known per se Arrangement for electrolytic polishing with a separate one electrochemical cell including the diaphragm and agent performed for filtering the electrolysis bath. Usually include these means feeds and discharges, which are constant or discontinuous return of the electrolyte solution in the polishing process enable.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a demetallization device and illustrates the essential electrochemical Reactions.
- FIG. 2 shows a process flow diagram of a wastewater-free Electropolishing system which uses the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a demetallization device as it is used externally but also integrated in an electropolishing process can be.
- the electrolyte is fed through suitable leads into the electrolytic cell continuously or discontinuously performed and subjected to electrolysis there.
- Fe (III) ions are reduced to Fe (II) ions and if exceeded a certain limit concentration (which by the Ion product is determined) precipitated as iron sulfate.
- Electropolishing baths generally have high sulfate concentrations, the Fe (II) is precipitated practically quantitatively as sulfate.
- the slurry or suspension from the electrolytic cell is then fed to a filter in which essentially that Iron sulfate is deposited.
- the process flow diagram shown in FIG. 2 illustrates the particular advantages of the procedure according to the invention. Because both the electrolyte and the rinse water can be reused can, works optimally a system according to the invention practically wastewater-free. Workpieces that are electropolished have been subjected to, in a rinse stage (economy sink) in essentially rinsed with water. The waste water from the economy sink can then an evaporator can be fed to the electrolyte by distillation separates from the rinse water so that both can be reused separately can be. When the electrolyte is electropolished has reached a certain metal concentration in the Readjust the electropolishing effect. To prevent this condition or to regenerate the electropolishing ability Electrolyte from the electrolysis bath continuously or discontinuously a separate demetallization fed.
- demetallization is electrochemical Fe (III) reduced to Fe (II) and the iron content essentially precipitated as Fe (II) sulfate.
- a sludge is obtained which is another external one Refurbishment can be supplied.
- a regenerated Get electrolyte in the electropolishing process is returned.
- the external one shown here in Fig.2 Refurbishment is not essential to over a long period Period a continuous wastewater-free electropolishing system keep in operation. But it has certain advantages because acid components were also recovered from this external treatment which can then flow back into the electropolishing stage.
- An electrolysis cell was used which could hold a volume of approximately 10 liters.
- a porous ceramic plate with a pore size of approximately 1.0 ⁇ m was used as the separating material.
- the separate electrolysis was carried out batchwise, with only the cathode space being filled with electrolyte after the filtrate had been returned from the cathode space of the electrolysis cell to the electropolishing device.
- the temperature was set to 60 ° C and the voltage was 3 V. Carbon pins and stainless steel sheets were used as electrodes.
- Electrolyte 1 85% phosphoric acid 60.0% by weight 96% sulfuric acid 36.0% by weight Morpholinomethane diphosphoric acid 1.0% by weight Diethanolamine 0.5% by weight water 2.5% by weight
- Electrolyte 2 85% phosphoric acid 54.0% by weight 96% sulfuric acid 43.0% by weight Morpholine 1.0% by weight Diisopropanolamine 0.5% by weight water 1.5% by weight
- Electrolyte 3 85% phosphoric acid 56.0% by weight 96% sulfuric acid 40.0% by weight Nicotinic acid 1.5% by weight Diisopropanolamine 0.5% by weight water 2.0% by weight
- the electrolyte was in the bypass flow during the entire operating time fed to the electrolysis cell described above and filtered, so that the total bath volume depending on the bath load every 3 up to 14 days.
- the through the sludge discharge Losses of chemicals caused have been added. It revealed a steady state of the electrolyte with a total content on metals (mainly iron, chromium and nickel) of 2.5 up to 4% by weight.
- the electrolyte remained functional and that The results achieved corresponded to the quality expectations the current state of the art. After reaching the stationary The state of the electrolyte became the whole when electropolishing Amount of metal removed immediately during electrolysis precipitated as metal salt sludge and via the filter circuit in concentrated form removed from the electrolyte.
- Electrolytic solution of different composition demetallized was also consumed.
- the electrolytic cell corresponded to the above information. It was found that with a wide variety of compositions the as typical examples of electropolishing solutions are considered can, successful demetallization is achieved and that the electropolishing solutions have been successfully regenerated.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
Elektrolyt 1: | ||
Phosphorsäure 85%-ig | 60,0 Gew.-% | |
Schwefelsäure 96%-ig | 36,0 Gew.-% | |
Morpholinomethandiphosphorsäure | 1,0 Gew.-% | |
Diethanolamin | 0,5 Gew.-% | |
Wasser | 2,5 Gew.-% | |
Elektrolyt 2: | ||
Phosphorsäure 85%-ig | 54,0 Gew.-% | |
Schwefelsäure 96%-ig | 43,0 Gew.-% | |
Morpholin | 1,0 Gew.-% | |
Diisopropanolamin | 0,5 Gew.-% | |
Wasser | 1,5 Gew.-% | |
Elektrolyt 3: | ||
Phosphorsäure 85%-ig | 56,0 Gew.-% | |
Schwefelsäure 96%-ig | 40,0 Gew.-% | |
Nicotinsäure | 1,5 Gew.-% | |
Diisopropanolamin | 0,5 Gew.-% | |
Wasser | 2,0 Gew.-% |
Dichte | 1.760 | ||
H2SO4 | 35.1 Gew.-% | ||
H3PO4 | 37.8 Gew.-% | ||
Eisen | 4.5 Gew.-% | 82 g/l |
Dichte | 1.675 | |
H2SO4 | 31 Gew.-% | |
H3PO4 | 38 Gew.-% | |
Eisen | 2.5 Gew.-% | 41 g/l |
Dichte | 1.760 | |
H2SO4 | 21 Gew.-% | |
H3PO4 | 43 Gew.-% | |
Eisen | 4.5 Gew.-% | 80 g/l |
Dichte | 1.610 | |
H2SO4 | 17.6 Gew.-% | |
H3PO4 | 45 Gew.-% | |
Eisen | 2.5 Gew.-% | 37 g/l |
Dichte | 1.750 | |
H2SO4 | 40.5 Gew.-% | |
H3PO4 | 26.5 Gew.-% | |
Eisen | 5 Gew.-% | 89 g/l |
Dichte | 1.675 | |
H2SO4 | 35.1 Gew.-% | |
H3PO4 | 28.5 Gew.-% | |
Eisen | 2.5 Gew.-% | 42 g/l |
Claims (4)
- Verfahren zum Entmetallisieren von Gemischen, die im wesentlichen Phosphorsäure und Schwefelsäure enthalten, wobei das Gemisch einer Elektrolysezelle zugeführt wird mit einer Trennwand, die aus einem Material mit einer Porenweite zwischen 0,5 µm und 10 µm besteht und derart ist, daß sich beim Anlegen eines Gleichstroms in situ ein Diaphragma bildet, das den Durchtritt von Metallionen erschwert, zwischen dem anodischen und kathodischen Bereich der Elektrolysezelle, und wobei die in dem Gemisch vorhandenen Fe(III)-Ionen zu Fe(II)-Ionen reduziert und beim Erreichen der Löslichkeitsgrenze als FeSO4 ausgefällt und die Ausfällungen abgetrennt werden.
- Verwendung eines Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 beim Elektropolieren von Edelstahloberflächen, bei demals Elektrolyt eine Schwefelsäure/Phosphorsäure-Mischung eingesetzt wird,der Elektrolyt separat kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich einer Elektrolyse unterworfen wird, wobei Fe(III)-Ionen zu Fe(II)-Ionen reduziert undauftretende Ausfällungen abfiltriert werden und das Filtrat in den Elektrolyten zurückgeführt wird.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem sich an das Elektropolieren anschließenden Spülprozeß das Spülwasser im Kreislauf geführt wird. - Verwendung nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der aus dem Spülwasserkreislauf gewonnene Elektrolyt zurückgeführt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19521132 | 1995-06-09 | ||
DE19521132A DE19521132C1 (de) | 1995-06-09 | 1995-06-09 | Verfahren zum Entmetallisieren von hochsauren Bädern und Verwendung dieses Verfahrens beim Elektropolieren von Edelstahloberflächen |
PCT/EP1996/002439 WO1996041905A1 (de) | 1995-06-09 | 1996-06-04 | Verfahren zum entmetallisieren von hochsauren bädern und verwendung dieses verfahrens beim elektropolieren von edelstahloberflächen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0832315A1 EP0832315A1 (de) | 1998-04-01 |
EP0832315B1 true EP0832315B1 (de) | 1999-03-24 |
Family
ID=7764051
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96921930A Expired - Lifetime EP0832315B1 (de) | 1995-06-09 | 1996-06-04 | Verfahren zum entmetallisieren von hochsauren bädern und verwendung dieses verfahrens beim elektropolieren von edelstahloberflächen |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5882500A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0832315B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2000512685A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE178106T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU6300596A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2226367A1 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ396197A3 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19521132C1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2129268T3 (de) |
TW (1) | TW358831B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996041905A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0931860A1 (de) * | 1997-12-31 | 1999-07-28 | Otomec S.r.l. | Vorrichtung zum Behandlen von Eisendrahten und nicht Eisendrahten |
US6428683B1 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-08-06 | United Technologies Corporation | Feedback controlled airfoil stripping system with integrated water management and acid recycling system |
CN103361660A (zh) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-10-23 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种质子交换膜燃料电池不锈钢双极板前处理方法 |
US9057272B2 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-06-16 | United Technologies Corporation | Protective polishing mask |
WO2016030506A1 (de) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-03 | Poligrat Gmbh | Elektrolyt zum polieren von edelstählen, enthaltend eine pyridincarbonsäure |
US20170088971A1 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-03-30 | Macdermid Acumen, Inc. | Treatment of Etch Baths |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3206538C2 (de) * | 1982-02-24 | 1984-04-12 | Keramchemie GmbH, 5433 Siershahn | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Regenerierung von verbrauchter Schwefelsäure-Beizflüssigkeit |
DE3343396A1 (de) * | 1983-11-30 | 1985-06-05 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | Verfahren zum dekontaminieren metallischer komponenten einer kerntechnischen anlage |
DE4218915A1 (de) * | 1992-06-10 | 1993-12-16 | Heraeus Elektrochemie | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regenerierung einer Metallionen und Schwefelsäure enthaltenden wäßrigen Lösung sowie Verwendung |
-
1995
- 1995-06-09 DE DE19521132A patent/DE19521132C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-05-30 TW TW085106450A patent/TW358831B/zh active
- 1996-06-04 DE DE59601506T patent/DE59601506D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-04 EP EP96921930A patent/EP0832315B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-04 WO PCT/EP1996/002439 patent/WO1996041905A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-06-04 ES ES96921930T patent/ES2129268T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-04 AU AU63005/96A patent/AU6300596A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-04 CZ CZ973961A patent/CZ396197A3/cs unknown
- 1996-06-04 US US08/973,700 patent/US5882500A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-04 JP JP09502586A patent/JP2000512685A/ja active Pending
- 1996-06-04 CA CA002226367A patent/CA2226367A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-04 AT AT96921930T patent/ATE178106T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2129268T3 (es) | 1999-06-01 |
DE59601506D1 (de) | 1999-04-29 |
CA2226367A1 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
TW358831B (en) | 1999-05-21 |
EP0832315A1 (de) | 1998-04-01 |
AU6300596A (en) | 1997-01-09 |
ATE178106T1 (de) | 1999-04-15 |
US5882500A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
WO1996041905A1 (de) | 1996-12-27 |
CZ396197A3 (cs) | 1998-06-17 |
JP2000512685A (ja) | 2000-09-26 |
DE19521132C1 (de) | 1996-10-17 |
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